第6章 双城记

[ 英] 查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）

双城记

It was the best of times，it was the worst of times ，it was

the age of wisdom ，it was the age of foolishness ，it was the

epoch of belief，it was the epoch of incredulity，it was the season

of Light，it was the season of Darkness，it was the spring of

hope，it was the winter of despair，we had everything before us，

we had nothing before us，we were all going direct to Heaven，

we were all going direct the other way— in short，the period was

so far like the present period， that some of its noisiest authorities

insisted on its being received，for good or for evil ，in the

superlative degree of comparison only.

There were a king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain

face，on the throne of England ；there were a king with a large

jaw and a queen with a fair face，on the throne of France. In

both countries it was clearer than crystal to the lords of the State

preserves of loaves and fishes，that things in general were settled

for ever.

It was the year of Our Lord one thousand seven hundred and

seventy-five. Spiritual revelations were conceded to England at that

favoured period，a sat this. Mrs. Southcott had recently attained her

five-and-twentieth blessed birthday，of whom a prophetic private in

the Life Guards had heralded the sublime appearance by announcing

that arrangements were made for the swallowing up of London and

Westminster. Even the Cock-lane ghost had been laid only a round

dozen of years，after rapping out its messages，as the spirits of this

very year last past (supernaturally deficient in originality) rapped out

theirs. Mere messages in the earthly order of events had lately come

to the English Crown and People，from a congress of British subjects

in America： which，strange to relate，have proved more important to

the human race than any communications yet received through any

of the chickens of the Cock-lane brood.

France，less favoured on the whole as to matters spiritual

than her sister of the shield and trident，rolled with exceeding

smoothness down hill，making paper money and spending it.

Under the guidance of her Christian pastors，she entertained

herself besides，with such humane achievements as sentencing a

youth to have his hands cut off，his tongue torn out with pincers，

and his body burned alive，because he had not kneeled down in

the rain to do honour to a dirty procession of monks which passed

within his view，at a distance of some fifty or sixty yards. It is

likely enough that，rooted in the woods of France and Norway，

there were growing trees，when that sufferer was put to death，

already marked by the Woodman，Fate，to comedown and be

sawn into boards，to make a certain movable framework with a

sack and a knife in it，terrible in history. It is likely enough that in

the rough outhouses old some tillers of the heavy lands adjacent

to Paris，there were sheltered from the weather that very day，

rude carts，be spattered with rustic mire，snuffed about by pigs，

and roosted in by poultry，which the Farmer，Death，had already

set apart to be his tumbrils of the Revolution. But that Woodman

and that Farmer，though they work unceasingly，work silently，

and no one heard them as they went about with muffled tread：

the rather，for as much as to entertain any suspicion that they

were awake，was to be atheistical and traitorous.

那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是个睿智的年

月，那是蒙昧的年月；那是信心百倍的时期，那是疑虑重重的

时期；那是阳光普照的季节，那是黑暗笼罩的季节；那是充满

希望的春天，那是让人绝望的冬天；我们面前一无所有；我们

大家都在直奔天堂，我们大家都在直下地狱——简而言之，那

个时代和当今这个时代是如此的相似。以致当年有些显赫一时

的权威人士坚持认为，无论对它说好说坏一概只能使用最高级

的比较词语来评价它。

当时，在英国的王位上，是一个大下巴的国王和一个相貌

平常的王后；在法国的王位上，是一个大下巴的国王和一个容

貌姣好的王后。在这两个国家里，那些坐享利禄的王公贵族，

觉得天下大势永久安定，这是比水晶还清楚的事。

那是纪元1775 年。在那得天独厚的时代，如同现代一样，

英国也屡屡出现神灵的启示。索斯科特夫人过了25 岁华诞，

据禁卫军中一个士兵的先知宣称，伦敦和威斯敏斯特将遭毁

灭，在劫难逃，即预示她的神驾降临。即使公鸡巷的幽灵在

咄咄逼人地发出它的预言之后销声匿迹整整12 年，去年的精

灵们咄咄逼人发出的预言仍跟她差不多，只是少了几分超自

然的独创性而已。前不久英国国王和英国百姓才得到一些人

世间的消息。那是从远在美洲的英国臣民的国会传来的。说

来奇怪，这些信息对于人类的影响竟然比公鸡巷魔鬼的子孙

们的预言还要巨大。

总的来说，法国的灵异事物大体不如她那以盾牌和三叉戟

为标志的姐妹那么受宠。法国正在一个劲儿地往坡下滑，她滥

发纸币，大肆挥霍。除此之外，法国在教士们的指导下，建立

了些仁慈的功勋，寻求了点乐趣。譬如判处砍掉一个青年的双手，

用钳子拔出他的舌头，然后把他活活烧死，因为他看见一队满

身污泥的修道士在离他五六十码远的地方经过时，他没有跪倒

在雨地里向他们致敬。当这个受难者被处死时，生长在法国和

挪威森林里的某些树木很可能已被“命运之神”的伐木人做上

标记，要砍倒它们，锯成木板，做成某种活动的框架，里面装

有一只袋子和一把刀，这就是历史上引起恐怖的装置。就在这

一天，在巴黎近郊贫瘠的土地上，某些农户的简陋的小披屋里，

很可能有一些大车在那儿躲避风雨。那些车很粗糙，车身溅满

了郊野的泥浆，猪群在旁边呼哧呼哧转悠，家禽在它上面歇息，

这些东西也极有可能被“死神”这个农民看中，要在革命时作

为押送死刑犯的囚车。但是，那个伐木人和农民，尽管忙个不停，

却总是默不作声，蹑手蹑脚不让人听见。因此若是有人猜想到

他们已在行动，反倒会被看作是无神论和大逆不道。

作者介绍

查尔斯·狄更斯（1812-1870），英国小说家，出生于海军小职员家

庭。他只上过几年学，全靠刻苦自学成为知名作家。狄更斯一生共创作了

14 部长篇小说，许多中、短篇小说和杂文、游记、戏剧、小品。其中最

著名的作品是描写劳资矛盾的长篇代表作《艰难时代》和描写1789 年法

国革命的另一篇代表作《双城记》。其他作品有《雾都孤儿》、《老古玩店》、

《大卫·科波菲尔》和《远大前程》等。 狄更斯是19 世纪英国现实主义文

学的主要代表。马克思把他和萨克雷等称为英国的“一批杰出的小说家”。

单词注解

incredulity [7inkri5dju：liti] n. 不轻信；不相信；怀疑

plain [plein] adj. 简朴的；朴素的；

concede [kEn5si：d] v. 让给，给予；容许

prophetic [prE5fetik] adj. 预言的，预言性的

guidance [5^aidEns] n. 指导；引导；领导

comedown [kQmdaJn] n. 衰落；丧失；落魄

名句大搜索

那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是个睿智的年月，那是蒙昧

的年月。

以致当年有些显赫一时的权威人士坚持认为，无论对它说好说坏一概只

能使用最高级的比较词语来评价它。

因此若是有人猜想到他们已在行动，反倒会被看作是无神论和大逆不道。

实战提升

《少年Pi 的奇幻漂流》 讲述的是帕特尔的父亲决

定全家带着动物移民加拿大，他们所乘坐的日本货船

在太平洋失事，帕特尔侥幸生存下来，在海上漂泊了

227 天。期间最危险的就是与一只成年孟加拉虎理查

德·帕克的斗争。他曾想了6 种对付这只虎的计策。

最后终于明白，只要保证了理查德·帕克的饮食，他

就不会有危险。后来他利用老虎的一些弱点开始了驯

虎的过程。这驯虎的过程也是少年帕特尔演变成成年

男人的过程。