PartA 传统题型

基础篇

小贴士

1.该单元以夯实基础为主，要求每篇文章阅读两遍，建议总用时45分钟。

2.首遍先快速通读全文，然后做文后习题，建议用时15分钟，其中阅读7分钟，做题8分钟。

3.二遍边读边对照汉语译文，检查是否有理解偏差，再对照“解题之路”部分，验证做题效果，建议用时15分钟。

4.最后再看文后的“词汇精解”和“难句解析”部分，对重点词汇和句型强化记忆，建议用时15分钟。

Passage 1

When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives，we usually think about the Federal agents.But the private sector outdoes the government every time.It’s Linda Tripp，not the FBI，who is facing charges under Maryland’s laws against secret telephone taping.It’s our banks，not the Internal Revenue Service（IRS），that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.

Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far.The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.

As an example of what’s going on，consider U.S.Bancorp，which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota.According to the lawsuit，the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names，phone numbers，bank account and credit-card numbers，Social Security numbers，account balances and credit limits.

With these customer lists in hand，MemberWorks started dialing for dollars—selling dental plans，videogames，computer software and other products and services.Customers who accepted a“free trial offer”had 30 days to cancel.If the deadline passed，they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts.U.S.Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.

Customers were doubly deceived，the lawsuit claims.They didn’t know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks.And if customers asked，they were led to think the answer was no.

The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling.The company defends that it did anything wrong.For its part，U.S.Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes.But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms.A few top banks decided to do the same.Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.

And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products，including things of little value，such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.

You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit.For example，no federal law shields“transaction and experience”information—mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts.Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms.They’ve generally agreed not to sell to the public.But to businesses，the numbers are an open book.Self-regulation doesn’t work.A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy，but who enforces it？

Take U.S.Bancorp again.Customers were told，in writing，that“all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential.”Then it sold your data to MemberWorks.The bank even claims that it doesn’t“sell”your data at all.It merely“shares”it and reaps a profit.Now you know.

1.Contrary to popular belief，the author finds that spying on people’s privacy______.

A.is mainly carried out by means of secret taping

B.has been intensified with the help of the IRS

C.is practiced exclusively by the FBI

D.is more prevalent in business circles

2.We know from the passage that______.

A.legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protection

B.most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businesses

C.the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private information

D.lawmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers’buying habits

3.When the“free trial”deadline is over，you’ll be charged without notice for a product or service if______.

A.you fail to cancel it within the specified period

B.you happen to reveal your credit card number

C.you find the product or service unsatisfactory

D.you fail to apply for extension of the deadline

4.Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because______.

A.its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current protection policy

B.it is considered“transaction and experience”information unprotected by law

C.it has always been considered an open secret by the general public

D.its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation

5.We can infer from the passage that______.

A.banks will have to change their ways of doing business

B.privacy protection laws will soon be enforced

C.consumers’privacy will continue to be invaded

D.“free trial”practice will eventually be banned

参考译文

当我们担心有人在窥探自己私生活的时候，往往想到的是联邦密探。然而每次那些私人企业的所作所为更甚于政府。因违反马里兰州反对偷录电话的法律而吃官司的是Linda Tripp公司，而不是联邦调查局。把我们的私人财务档案透露给电话推销公司的是我们的银行，而不是国税局。

消费者中的积极分子一直在向国会施压，以通过更完善的保护私有权的法律，然而至今都没什么结果。立法议员倾向于纵容那些商人追查我们的财务习惯，而这种行为实际上是任意妄为的。

为了说清楚到底发生了什么，让我们来看看美国Bancorp银行，它最近刚被明尼苏达州以欺诈的罪名起诉。根据诉讼，该银行向一个名叫MemberWorks的电信运营商提供了敏感的客户资料，诸如名字、电话、银行账号、信用卡号码、社会保险号码、收支表以及借贷限额。

手上有了这些客户的资料清单，MemberWorks就开始打电话赚钱——推销护牙计划、视频游戏、电脑软件以及其他产品和服务。那些得到“免费使用服务”的用户，只有30天的时间可以取消使用。一旦过了期限，（公司）就会自动从银行和信用卡账户上扣钱。美国Bancorp银行则分享其中的收入。

诉讼声称，顾客被双重欺骗。他们对于银行把账户号码透露给MemberWorks的情况毫不知情，并且当那些客户询问银行时，银行的回答却是没有。

该州还单独起诉MemberWorks进行欺诈性推销，而该公司则否认自己曾做错过事。对美国Bancorp来说，它没有承认任何错误就将问题解决，但它倒是同意不再透露客户资料给那些出售非金融产品的外部公司。若干个顶级银行已经决定采取同样的做法，然而许多银行仍然与MemberWorks及类似的公司打交道。

银行仍然会继续从你的账户上挖掘资料，以便向你推销金融服务，也包括一些没什么用的信息，比如信用保险和信用卡保护方案。

对于那些利用你的个人账号赚取利润的公司来说，你几乎没有什么防备。例如，没有任何联邦法律保护“业务交易及其过程”的信息——主要是你的银行和信用卡账号的详细资料。社会保险号码由私营企业出售。它们一般同意不卖给公众；但是对商人来说，这些号码就像是一本敞开的书，自我管制根本就不起作用。一个公司可以制定一个保护私有权的政策，但谁来执行呢？

再来看看美国Bancorp这个例子。客户们被书面告知：“你提供给我们的所有个人资料都将被视为机密。”转头它就把你的档案卖给了MemberWorks。该银行甚至声称它根本就没有“卖”档案，只不过是将它“共享”并且赚取利润。现在你知道了吧。

解题之路

1.选D。根据题干关键词spying on people’s privacy定位到原文第一段第一句，popular belief=we usually think。第一句和第二句的大意为：当我们担心谁会刺探人们的隐私时，通常会认为是联邦密探。但每一次都是私营部门胜过了政府。接着，作者举例说某个公司正在面对电话窃听的控告，银行把顾客的私人金融信息透露给电话营销公司。我们可以推断，刺探私人隐私的不是政府，而是主要集中在商业领域，所以选D.is more prevalent in business circles在商业界更加流行。Business circle是对原文中banks/telemarketing firms等的概括性替换。A.is mainly carried out by means of secret taping主要通过秘密窃听的手段来实现，mainly太绝对，对原文或者选项中出现的修饰性副词或形容词要高度关注，必须看原文中是否体现；B.has been intensified with the help of the IRS在IRS的帮助下得到了加强，以及C.is practiced exclusively by the FBI只由FBI实行，这两个选项都与作者观点相反，FBI/IRS属于政府部门。

2.选D。本题问我们从文中可以知道什么？必须对每个选项进行仔细推敲，否则难以进行准确定位。选项A和D都与立法议员有关，但D项中law-maker是第二段第二句出现的legislators的替换词，它更有可能是答案。第二段的大意为：消费者的积极分子正在推动国会通过更好的隐私保护法，但到目前为止没什么结果。立法议员们倾向于让商人几乎是随意地追踪我们（消费者）的消费习惯。因此，最后选定与此意思相一致的D.law-makers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customer’s buying habits立法议员们倾向让企业自由调查消费者的购买习惯。

3.选A。本题问：免费试用期结束之后，发生什么样的情况你将会在没有通知时因某项产品或服务被收费？根据关键词free trial定位到第四段第二句和第三句，大意为：接受免费试用服务的顾客有30天的时间可以取消它。如果最后期限过了，就会通过银行或信用卡账户自动对顾客收费。也就是说，顾客如果在指定期限内不取消服务，就会被自动扣费。显然应该选A.you fail to cancel it within the specified period你没有在指定期限内取消服务。B.you happen to reveal your credit card number你偶然暴露了你的信用卡号码；C.you find the product or service unsatisfactory你觉得产品或服务不能令人满意；D.you fail to apply for extension of the deadline你没有能够申请延长最后期限；这三个选项都是拼凑了原文中的词汇来进行干扰，与文中信息不符。

4.选B。本题问企业不把个人银行账户的信息看做是私人信息的原因是什么？根据关键词Businesses/personal bank accounts定位到文章倒数第二段，其大意为：企业利用你的个人账户获利，你却几乎无法得到保护。比如说，没有哪一部联邦法律保护交易往来信息——主要是你的银行和信用卡账户的细节。私人公司还出售社会保险号码，它们一般会同意不向公众出售。但对于企业来说，这些号码是公开的信息。（也就是说可以向企业销售）行业自律是不起作用的，一家公司也许会发布隐私保护政策，但是谁去实施它呢？另外，再根据第六段内容The company denies that it did anything wrong.For its part，U.S.Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes.综合判断，应该选B.it is considered“transaction and experience”information unprotected by law这些信息被（企业）认为是不被法律保护的“交易往来”信息。

5.选C。本题要求对文章进行推断，考查对全文进行综合概括的能力。文章谈到现行法律对消费者没什么保护，当然消费者的利益会被继续侵犯，所以选C.consumers’privacy will continue to be invaded消费者的隐私将继续被侵犯。A.banks will have to change their ways of doing business银行将不得不改变做生意的方式，原文指出现行法律并不保护消费者的某些交易信息，立法议员也对企业放任自流，所以银行并不会如A所言；B.privacy protection laws will soon be enforced隐私保护法将很快被执行，与文章最后一句矛盾；D.“free trial”practice will eventually be banned“免费试用”最终将会被禁止，文中无信息支持。

词汇精解

spy vt.侦察，发现，监视

outdo vt.胜过，比……做过头

charge n.费用，掌管，指控

taping n.录音

firm n.公司

consumer n.消费者

activist n.激进主义分子，活动家，积极分子

legislator n.立法者

track vt.追踪，跟踪

financial adj.金融的，财政的，财务的

virtually adv.实质上，实际上

deceptive adj.欺骗性的

lawsuit n.诉讼

telemarketer n.电信运营商

sensitive adj.感光的，灵敏的，敏感的

data n.数据，资料

account n.计算，理由，说明，账户

balance n.秤，天平，余额，平衡

limit n.界限，局限，限度

dial vt.拨打（电话）

dental adj.牙科的

videogame n.视频游戏

software n.软件

shield vt.庇护，防护，保护

transaction n.办理，处理，交易

mine vt.开采，破坏，挖掘

insurance n.保险业，保险单，保险

personal adj.亲自的，私人的，个人的

confidential adj.秘密的，机密的

reap vt.收割，收获

profit n.利润，益处，利益

难句解析

1.It’s Linda Tripp，not the FBI，who is facing charges under Maryland’s laws against secret telephone taping.

【参考译文】因违反马里兰州反对偷录电话的法律而吃官司的是Linda Tripp公司，而不是联邦调查局。

【结构分析】这是使用了It’s…who…结构的强调句，被强调的是主语Linda Tripp，谓语是is facing，宾语是charges，介词短语under…taping是charges的后定语，against…taping是laws的后定语。

【知识链接】FBI（美国）联邦调查局；Maryland马里兰（美国州名）；telephone taping电话录音

2.The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.

【参考译文】立法议员倾向于纵容那些商人追查我们的财务习惯，而这种行为实际上是任意妄为的。

【结构分析】这是一个简单句，主语是The legislators，谓语是lean toward，其后的动名词结构letting…at will是宾语，track…habits是people的补足语，at will是方式状语。

【知识链接】lean toward doing sth.倾向于……；at will任意地

3.As an example of what’s going on，consider U.S.Bancorp，which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota.

【参考译文】为了说清楚到底发生了什么，让我们来看看美国Bancorp银行，它最近刚被明尼苏达州以欺诈的罪名起诉。

【结构分析】这个句子的主干是祈使句consider U.S.Bancorp，之后which引导的定语从句修饰U.S.Bancorp，其中的for deceptive practices是原因状语，As…going on是方式状语，what’s going on是介词of的宾语。

【知识链接】go on进行；be sued for因……被起诉；deceptive practice欺骗行为；Minnesota明尼苏达（美国州名）

4.According to the lawsuit，the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names，phone numbers，bank account and credit-card numbers，Social Security numbers，account balances and credit limits.

【参考译文】根据诉讼，该银行向一个名叫MemberWorks的电信运营商提供了敏感的客户资料，诸如名字、电话、银行账号、信用卡号码、社会保险号码、收支表以及借贷限额。

【结构分析】这是一个简单句，可以切分为：（According to the lawsuit），（the bank supplied a telemarketer//called MemberWorks//with sensitive customer data//such as names，phone numbers，bank account and credit-card numbers，Social Security numbers，account balances and credit limits//）。第一部分是According to引导的方式状语；第二部分是主干，主语是the bank，谓语是supplied，宾语是a telemarketer，过去分词短语called MemberWorks是telemarketer的后定语，such as…and credit limits是并列的名词短语，作前面customer data的后定语。

【知识链接】according to根据；supply sb.with给某人提供……；credit-card信用卡；Social Security社会保险

5.With these customer lists in hand，MemberWorks started dialing for dollars—selling dental plans，videogames，computer software and other products and services.

【参考译文】手上有了这些客户的资料清单，MemberWorks就开始打电话赚钱——推销护牙计划、视频游戏、电脑软件以及其他产品和服务。

【结构分析】句子的主干是MemberWorks started dialing，With…in hand是独立主格结构，即：With+名词+介词短语，for…services是目的状语。

【知识链接】in hand在手头；dollars-selling（adj.）赚钱的；computer software计算机软件

6.And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products，including things of little value，such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.

【参考译文】银行仍然会继续从你的账户上挖掘资料，以便向你推销金融服务，也包括一些没什么用的信息，比如信用保险和信用卡保护方案。

【结构分析】句子的主干是And banks will still be mining data，from…account是地点状语，in order to…products是目的状语，including…value是前面products的后定语，such as…plans是前面things的后定语。

【知识链接】in order to为了；value（n.）价值；such as譬如

7.Customers were told，in writing，that“all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential.”

【参考译文】客户们被书面告知：“你提供给我们的所有个人资料都将被视为机密。”

【结构分析】这个句子的难点在于that引导的宾语从句，其主干是：all personal information…will be considered，you supply to us是information的定语从句，you之前省略了连接词that，confidential是information的补足语。

【知识链接】in writing书面上；supply sth.to sb.向某人提供……