Passage 7

Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A–G for each numbered paragraph （1~5）.There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）

1.______

When Christopher Columbus landed on America's shores,he encountered copper-shinned people whom he promptly called “Indians”.Current estimates indicate that there were over a million Indians inhabiting North America then.There are approximately 800,000 Indians today,of whom about 250,000 live on reservations.

2.______

The early settlers had an amicable relationship with Indians,who share their knowledge about hunting,fishing and farming with their uninvited guests.The wicked Indian of modern western movies was created by indifferent,faithless white men; the Indian was born friendly.Indian lifestyle greatly influenced the whites; whites continue to have defected to join the Indians.

3.______

Disgust developed between the Indians and the settlers,whose encroachment on Indian lands provoked an era of turbulence.As early as 1745,Indian tribes joined together to drive the French off their land.The French and Indian war did not end until 1763.The Indian had succeeded in destroying most of the settlements.The British,superficially submissive to the Indians,promised that further migrations west would not extend beyond a specified boundary.

4.______

Evicted from their lands,or worse still,frankly giving their property to the whites for few baubles,Indians were ruthlessly pushed west.The battle in 1876 at Little Big Horn River in Montana,in which Sitting Bull and the Sioux tribes massacred General Custer's cavalry,caused the whites intensify their campaign against the red man.The battle at Wound Knee,South Dakota,in 1890 put an end to the last vestige of hope for amity between Indians and whites.

5.______

Although the Bureau of Indian affairs has operated since 1842,presumably for the purpose of guarding Indians “interests”,Indians on reservations lead notoriously deprived lives.Due to historical reasons,the majority of Indians are now living in remote rural areas.Most of the Indian nation also retains their traditional way of life and customs.In the multi-ethnic society in Latin America,the Indians is a vulnerable group.Very few of them live in towns and have formal work.The vast majority are still living in the interior forests,grassland areas,simple crafts engaged in agriculture,animal husbandry,forestry,fisheries,divorced from modern society.Indian ghettos'economic backwardness,the difficulties of life,low levels of health and education,and all aspects of the situation in stark contrast to the mainstream of society,are simply unbearable to dramatic impact of national modernization and economic globalization.In recent times Indians have taken a militant stand and appealed to the courts and the American people to improve their substandard living conditions.

词汇注释

encounter v.遇到；遭遇

estimate n.估计；估价

reservation n.（美国印第安部落的）居留地

amicable a.友好的，友善的

defect v.叛变

encroachment n.侵入；侵蚀

turbulence n.骚乱，动荡

superficiallad.表面地；浅薄地

submissive a.顺从的；柔顺的

evict v.驱逐，逐出

ruthlessly ad.冷酷地，残忍地

massacre v.残杀；集体屠杀

vestige n.残余；遗迹

notoriously ad.众人皆知地；声名狼藉地

husbandry n.饲养；耕种