第一周
Friday
音频
meantime /ˈmiːntaɪm/ 听读写译
释义 n. 其间,同时‖ad. 与此同时
助记 mean(吝啬的)+time(时间)→吝啬时间,所有事情一起干→同时
搭配 in the meantime 其间,同时
示例 ① In the meantime, the amount of CO2 in the air is rapidly approaching the limits proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 与此同时,空气中的二氧化碳含量正在迅速逼近联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会提出的极限值。(2012. 6)② His first book was rejected by the publishers. In the meantime, he finished another book. 他的第一本书遭到出版社的拒绝,其间,他又完成了另一本。
scrape /skreɪp/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 刮掉;刮坏;发出刺耳的刮擦声
生义 v. 艰难获取‖n. 刮,铲;刮坏;困境
搭配 scrape by (on sth.) 靠(某事物)勉强维持生计‖scrape into sth. 勉强获得(工作、入学资格等)
示例 ① To collect the DNA sample, gently scrape the inside of your cheek with a sterile cotton swab, and then slosh the tip around inside a clean tube filled with a few milliliters of distilled. 若要搜集DNA样本,可用无菌棉签轻刮你口腔的内侧,然后将棉签的尖端浸入装有几毫升蒸馏水的干净管子中来回晃动。(Scientific American) ② My brother can just scrape by on what my parents give him. 我弟弟靠父母给的那点钱勉强过日子。
派生 scraper (n. 铲子)
flee /fliː/ 听读写译
释义 v. 迅速离开;逃避,逃跑
搭配 flee from sb. or sth. 迅速离开某人或某事
示例 ① Fire broke out at the plant on Wednesday, prompting some people to flee the capital which has suffered low levels of radiation, but not enough to damage health, officials say. 官员称,周三该厂发生了火灾,这使一些人逃离了首都。虽然当时首都受到少量的辐射,但是这并不足以损害健康。(Scientific American) ② The little girl burst into tears and fled. 这个小女孩突然哭了起来,跑开了。
同义 escape
impressive /ɪmˈpresɪv/ 听读写译
释义 a. 令人敬佩的,令人赞叹的,给人深刻印象的,令人难忘的
助记 im(=into,进入)+press(压)+ive(形容词后缀)→压进头脑的→给人深刻印象的,令人难忘的
示例 ① The concert is very impressive. 这场音乐会非常好。(2009. 12)② Big Japanese companies have an impressive record of incremental improvement, particularly in the electronics business. 大型日本公司保持了惊人的增长记录,在电子行业尤为突出。
派生 impressively (ad. 令人难忘地)
反义 unimpressive
distort /dɪˈstɔːt/ 听读写译
释义 v. 扭曲,使变形,使失真;歪曲,曲解
助记 dis(=intensive,加强的)+tort(twist,拧)→用力拧→扭曲,使变形
搭配 distort sb's motives 曲解某人的动机
示例 ① The transmission from poor quality radios was slightly distorted and the accents of the Spanish speaking controllers was so strong that the pilots misunderstood a vital instruction. 声音通过质量很差的无线电广播设备传输后稍微有些失真,而且塔台控制员的西班牙口音太重,以至于飞行员误解了一条重要的指令。(2006. 12)② The reporter distorted the facts. 这名记者歪曲了事实。
派生 distortion (n. 歪曲)
accurate /ˈækjərət/ 听读写译
释义 a. 正确无误的;精确的;准确的
助记 ac(表加强)+cur(联想到cure,治疗)+ate→进一步治疗,以确保无误→正确无误的;准确的
示例 ① And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. 正如两名购车人会为完全不同的汽车付同样的价钱一样,大学生(或者更准确地说,他们的父母)经常愿意为截然不同的产品支付差不多的价钱。(2009. 6)② My watch is very old, so it is not very accurate. 我的表太旧了,所以走得不是很准。
派生 accurately (ad. 精确地;准确地)
同义 exact
反义 inaccurate
aware /əˈweə(r)/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 知道的,明白的,意识到的;发觉的;警觉的
生义 a. 对…感兴趣 (与副词连用)
助记 a(表强调)+ware(留心,小心)→加倍留心终会发觉→发觉的;警觉的
搭配 as far as I am aware 据我所知
示例 ① Universities are increasingly aware that they must adapt to a rapidly changing world in order to stay competitive and relevant. 大学正逐渐意识到,要保持自身竞争力和与时俱进,就必须适应快速变化的世界。(2012. 6) ② If you were aware of this, you would change your mind. 如果你能认识到这一点,你会改变主意的。
派生 awareness (n. 意识)
同义 conscious
反义 unaware
cruise /kruːz/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 航行‖v. 乘船游览;以平稳的速度行驶 生义 v. 轻而易举获得
助记 由Cruso(《鲁滨逊漂流记》主人公克鲁索)联想到cruise
搭配 cruise missile 巡航导弹
示例 ① "We have more people booking in the first quarter of this year than last," says Hubert Moineau, founder of Tselana Travel, which is planning to introduce a new program of longer adventure trips, including polar expeditions and cruises in the Galápagos. Tselana Travel的创始人胡贝特•穆瓦诺说:“今年一季度预订旅行的人数多于去年。”该旅行社正计划开发一个新的长途探险旅游项目,包括极地探险和乘船游览加拉帕戈斯群岛。(2011. 6) ② We spent two weeks cruising the Nile during this summer holiday. 这个暑假我们花了两周时间乘船游览尼罗河。
派生 cruiser (n. 巡洋舰)
同义 voyage
sphere /sfɪə(r)/ 听读写译
释义 n. 球体;范围,领域,界
示例 ① But the Milnor finding that really shook the mathematical world was his identification of a seven-dimensional sphere with exotic mathematical properties. 但是米尔诺真正令数学界震撼的研究成果是他用奇异的数学特性对七维球体所下的定义。 (Scientific American)② The scientist is distinguished in many spheres of knowledge. 这位科学家在许多知识领域中都很杰出。
派生 spherical(a. 球状的)
script /skrɪpt/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 剧本;笔迹‖v. 写剧本 生义 n. 字母表;笔试答卷;脚本(程序)
助记 script本身就是词根,意为“写”。
示例 ① Using your imagination is one very good way to improve your own memory. For example, actors who have to remember hundreds or even thousands of lines of a script do so by actively analysing them and imagining the motivations and goals of their characters. 发挥想象力是提高记忆力的一个非常好的方法。例如,必须记住剧本中成百上千台词的演员就会这么做,他们会积极地分析剧情并想象他们饰演的角色的动机和目的。(Scientific American)② I admired my grandpa's neat script. 我欣赏爷爷写的一手好字。
派生 scriptures (n. 经文,圣典)
offensive /əˈfensɪv/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 冒犯的;攻击性的‖n. 进攻;攻势 生义 a. 令人不适的,极其讨厌的
搭配 be offensive to sb. 冒犯某人
示例 ① So far Mr. Obama's charm offensive has produced plenty of warm words but few practical concessions. 截至目前,奥巴马的魅力攻势产生出了大量的温暖话语,但是很少有实际的让步。(The Economist)② What he said was deeply offensive to many single mothers. 他所说的话极大地冒犯了许多单身母亲。
派生 offensively (ad. 进攻性地)
反义 defensive
element /ˈelɪmənt/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 要素;元素,因素;成分 生义 n. [pl.] 天气;一组,一伙
搭配 in one's element 得心应手‖out of one's element 不得其所
示例 ① There is an element there about competition though, isn't there? 然而有竞争的因素,不是吗?(2010. 12) ② Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢元素和氧元素组成的。
派生 elementary(a. 基本的,初级的)‖elemental(a. 基本的,主要的)
同义 component, ingredient
辨析 element, component和ingredient都有“成分”的含义。element指一个整体必不可少或固有的部分;component指机器或设备的组成部件;ingredient指组成混合物的组成部分,如烹饪食物的原料。
evolve /iˈvɒlv/ 听读写译
释义 v. 逐渐发展,逐渐演化;进化
助记 e(=out,出)+volv(=turn,转变)+e→转变出来→逐渐发展;进化
搭配 evolve from sth. 由某事物演变而来
示例 ① Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. 像动物一样,人类进化过程中形成了处理有关潜在威胁信息的复杂机制。(2006. 12)② Each school should evolve its own way of teaching. 每所学校都应该形成自己的教学模式。
派生 evolution (n. 进化)‖evolutionary (a. 进化的)
alleviate /əˈliːvieɪt/ 听读写译
释义 v. 缓和,减轻
助记 al(=to,使)+lev(=light,轻)+iate→使变轻→缓和,减轻
示例 ① There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. 对于人口老龄化我们没有办法阻止,只能接受,但是我们可以减轻人口老龄化带来的影响。(2010. 12) ② The government takes a number of measures to alleviate the problem. 政府采取了许多措施缓解这个问题。
派生 alleviation (n. 减轻)
sulphur /ˈsʌlfə(r)/ 听读写译
释义 n. 硫,硫磺
示例 ① The Environmental Protection Agency is scheduled to impose strict new limits on smog-creating emissions like sulphur dioxide. 环境保护署计划实施严格的新限令,限制诸如像二氧化硫之类能造成烟雾的气体的排放。(Newsweek)② Sulphur can be used to make gunpowder. 硫磺可以用来制造火药。
feminine /ˈfemənɪn/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 女性的,女性特有的 生义 a. 阴性的‖n. 阴性
助记 femin(=woman,女人)+ine→女性的
示例 ① Thus, they learn early to hide vulnerable emotions such as love, joy, and sadness because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. 因此,他们很早就学会隐藏脆弱的情感,诸如:爱、高兴和悲伤,因为他们认为这些情感是女性特有的,意味着软弱。(2010. 12) ② This boy had delicate, almost feminine features. 这个男孩面目清秀,很像女孩。
反义 male
range /reɪndʒ/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 一系列;范围;射程;山脉‖v. 排列;使…站在某一方 生义 n. 【数】值域
助记 由arrange(安排)逆向联想range(排列)
搭配 a range of 一系列
示例 ① These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. 这些大学应该创造出最广泛的社会、经济和环境效益。(2011. 12) ② The cars are sold out within this price range. 这个价位的汽车已售完。
essence /ˈesns/ 听读写译
释义 n. 本质,实质,精髓;香精,精油
助记 ess(=be,存在)+ence(=state,状态)→实实在在存在的→本质,实质
搭配 in essence 本质上
示例 ① Under her, some titles have moved beyond the printed word and into popular culture. People co-hosts the Screen Actors Guild Awards Gala, for example, and Essence sponsors an annual concert of African-American music. 在她的打造下,一些刊物已经超越印刷文字的界线而进入通俗文化领域。比如,《人物》杂志参与主办了美国演员工会颁奖典礼,《精华》杂志赞助每年一度的非裔美国人音乐会。(The Economist) ② The essence of service is to listen to, and take account of, the views of those customers. 服务的精髓就在于倾听并考虑顾客的观点。
反义 phenomenon
avail /əˈveɪl/ 听读写译
释义 n. 效用,帮助‖v. 有帮助,有益
助记 a(=to,对…)+vail(=worth,价值)→对某人有价值→有帮助,有益
搭配 to little/no avail 不成功,没有效果
示例 ① I tried many times afterward to get a passport, but to no avail. 此后我尝试了许多次想获得护照,但都没有成功。(The New York Times)② I apologised repeatedly, but to little avail. 我一再道歉都没有用。
派生 available(a. 可获得的;有空的)‖availability(n. 可用性,有效性)
同义 benefit, profit
vain /veɪn/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 徒劳的 生义 a. 自负的
搭配 in vain 白费力气
示例 ① Our years of hard work are all in vain, let alone the large sum of money we have spent. 我们多年的努力都白费了,更别提我们所花费的大量金钱了。(2007. 6)② I was dancing in a vain effort to cheer my brother up. 我跳舞试图让我弟弟高兴起来,结果是白费力气。
spark /spɑːk/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 火花,火星;电火花‖v. 引发,触发 生义 n. 诱因,导火线‖v. 冒火花
助记 斯巴达克斯(Spartacus)领导的起义如星星之火(spark)
搭配 ignition spark 点火火花
示例 ① It is impossible to know exactly which embers spark a revolution, but it's not so hard to measure the conditions that make a country prime for one. 无法确切地知道是哪些残存的活动引发一场革命,但是这种使全国上下筹备一件事的情形并不难揣测。(The New York Times)② A cigarette spark started the forest fire. 香烟的火星引起了这场森林火灾。
mayor /meə(r)/ 听读写译
释义 n. 市长;镇长
助记 may(=great,伟大)+or(人)→伟大的人→市长
示例 ① Since December, when the report came out, the mayor, neighborhood activists and various parent-teacher associations have engaged in a fierce battle over its validity: over the guilt of the steel-casting factory on the western edge of town, over union jobs versus children's health and over what, if anything, ought to be done. 自十二月报告公布以来,市长、社区积极分子和各种家长—教师联合会就忙着针对报告的可信性展开激烈的争论:关于小镇西部边界的铸钢厂的过失问题,关于工会的工作以及与之相比之下的儿童健康问题,关于应该做点什么的问题——如果有什么可以做的话。(2009. 12) ② The new mayor said in his inaugural speech he would clean the city up. 新市长在就职演说中表态:他要整顿本市。
派生 mayoralty (n. 市长头衔;市长任期)
dwell /dwel/ 听读写译
释义 v. 居住,栖身
搭配 dwell on/upon sth. 总是想着某物
示例 ① They dwell on a complex problem, breaking it down into smaller components, which are considered one at a time. 他们思考一个复杂的问题时会把它分成若干个小部分,每次只考虑一个部分。(Scientific American)② A great number of water fowls dwell on the island. 许多水鸟在岛上栖息。
派生 dweller (n. 居民)
同义 live, inhabit
fulfil /fʊlˈfɪl/ 听读写译
释义 v. 完成;实现;履行;起…作用
助记 ful(联想到full,完全的)+fil(l)(充满)→完全充满了→完成;实现
搭配 fulfil one's ambition 实现抱负
示例 ① Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfilment. 富裕使个体获得解放,它承诺每个人可以选择独特的方式去实现自我。(2007. 6)② He pledged himself to fulfil the promise he had made. 他发誓要实现自己的诺言。
派生 fulfilment (n. 完成;成就)
同义 achieve
stretch /stretʃ/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 伸展;延伸;延续 生义 v. 耗尽,竭尽‖n. 一段时间
搭配 stretch (oneself) out 躺下‖at full stretch 竭尽全力
示例 ① I try not to go online till my day's writing is finished, and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan in part so I could more easily survive for long stretches entirely on foot. 在我完成每天的写作之前我尽量不上网。我从曼哈顿搬到日本的乡村,部分原因是,在很长一段时间里我完全依靠步行就可以更轻松地应对日常生活。(2012. 12) ② Vast meadows stretch to the west. 辽阔的草场向西伸展。
同义 extend, expand
辨析 stretch, extend和expand都有“伸展,扩大”的含义。stretch指由弯曲状态伸展开,如伸腰、伸腿等;extend指时空的延长,也指影响和使用范围等的扩大;expand侧重面积和体积的扩大。
poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ 听读写译
释义 n. 贫穷,贫困;贫乏,劣质
助记 pover(=poor,贫困)+ty(名词后缀)→贫穷
示例 ① It could, of course, also be that Obama's success helps people to forget that a disproportionate number of black Americans still live in poverty and face huge obstacles when trying to overcome these circumstances. 当然,奥巴马的成功可能也会让人们忘记还有太多的美国黑人仍然生活在贫困之中,而且当他们尝试摆脱这些困境时面临着巨大的障碍。(2010. 6) ② The poor old man died in loneliness and poverty. 这位可怜的老人在孤独和贫困中死去。
dense /dens/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 密集的;浓密的 生义 a. 愚笨的
示例 ① Under the intense conditions of the early universe, ionized matter gave off radiation that was trapped within it like light in a dense fog. 在宇宙形成早期的那种极端条件下,电离物质发出的射线被困在其中,如同浓雾中的光。(Scientific American)② Tokyo is a large city with a dense population. 东京是个人口密集的大城市。
派生 density (n. 密度)
literacy /ˈlɪtərəsi/ 听读写译
释义 n. 识字;有文化;读写能力
助记 liter(=letter,文字,字母)+acy(表性质)→会认字→有文化
示例 ① More than fifty years ago, the United Nations declared that literacy is a basic human right. 五十多年以前,联合国宣布具备读写能力是基本人权。(2006. 12) ② A number of children have some problems with literacy and numeracy. 很多小孩在读写和计算方面都有困难。
派生 literate(a. 有读写能力的;有文化修养的)
反义 illiteracy
particularly /pəˈtɪkjələli/ 听读写译
释义 ad. 特别地;详细地;异常地,非凡地
示例 ① In the ancient world, a trained memory was an immense asset, particularly in public life. 在古代世界,受过记忆训练是极大一笔财富,尤其是在公共生活中。(2006. 12)② The chairman particularly mentioned that point. 董事长特别强调了这一点。
同义 specially, especially
rumour /ˈruːmə(r)/ 听读写译
释义 n. 谣言;传闻‖v. 谣传
示例 ① Is there any truth to the rumour about high levels of birth control chemicals being found in some cities' drinking water? 有传言说在一些城市的饮用水中发现高浓度的控制生育的化学物质,这是真的吗?(Scientific American) ② The rumour has been traced back to his brother. 那谣言经追查是他弟弟编造的。
perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 态度,观点,思考方法 生义 n. 客观判断力;透视法;远景
助记 per(=through,透过)+spect(=look,看)+ive→透过某物看→透视法
搭配 in perspective 恰当地,合乎比例地
示例 ① This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. 在农业方面情况尤其如此,可持续发展通常被认为是进步的唯一途径,而这并没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评估。(2008. 12) ② A beautiful perspective opened out before us. 一幅美丽的远景展现在我们眼前。
语料 It takes time and experience to understand what normal is, and that gives me the perspective to deal with the surprises of the future. 读懂生活的常态需要时间和阅历,而读懂它也练就了我面对未来的生活态度。
attach /əˈtætʃ/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 附上,贴上,系上;把…固定;(使)与…有联系;使附属
生义 v. 把…归因于
示例 ① But in order to take advantage of these common-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. 但是为了利用这些常识性的解决方案,美国人不得不将他们对“小政府”和“少监管”这种观念的依赖放到一边。(2012. 6) ② She attached labels to all her bags. 她给所有的袋子都贴了标签。
派生 attachment (n. 附件;依恋)
recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ 听读写译
释义 n. 重获,复得;恢复,痊愈
助记 re(再,又)+cover(盖上)+y→再次盖上→恢复
搭配 in recovery 康复中
示例 ① Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. 英国经济的复苏,部分将由大学中涌现出的下一代商业化研究所驱动。(2011. 12) ② We are surprised by the rapidity of his recovery. 他恢复得那么快,我们都有些惊讶。
route /ruːt/ 听读写译
释义 n. 路线;航线;途径‖vt. 按某路线发送;给…规定路线
搭配 shorten the route 缩短路程
示例 ① At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes. 在一天中的某些时候,在某些线路上,总体来说地铁对于这些孩子是安全的,尤其是如果他们在城市中长大,已经被教会如何做是安全的,担心自己安全时如何获得帮助,以及如何通过提高警惕和保持警觉来避免不安全的情况。(2009. 6)② The route was once much travelled but has fallen into disuse. 这条路线旅行的人以前常走,但是现在已不用了。
spot /spɒt/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 地点;污点;少量‖a. 现场的;插播的‖v. (使)产生污渍;玷污;认出
生义 n. 职位;聚光灯;插播节目‖v. 用灯光照射
示例 ① After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action—like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back. 毕竟,稍许对健康的担忧是未尝不可的,如果担忧可以带来建设性的行为——如让医生检查一下你背上的奇怪的斑点。(2006. 12) ② This is the spot where the three cars collided. 这儿就是三辆汽车相撞的地方。
同义 place, position
语料 The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear. 快乐带来的睿智存在于敏锐的洞察力之间,不会因忧虑而含混迷惑,也不会因绝望和厌倦而黯然模糊,更没有因恐惧而造成的盲点。
breadth /bredθ/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 宽度,幅度 生义 n. 宽宏大量
搭配 in breadth 在宽度上‖breadth of view 见多识广
示例 ① All the surveys are aimed at measuring the breadth of employment plans, as opposed to the magnitude of such plans. 所有的调查都旨在测量就业计划的广度,而不是该就业计划的重要性。(The New York Times)② What is the breadth of this desk? 这张桌子的宽度是多少?
adopt /əˈdɒpt/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 采用;收养;批准,正式接受 生义 v. 移居
助记 ad(=to,与…有关)+opt(=choose,选择)→与选择有关→采用
搭配 adopt a suggestion 采纳建议
示例 ① I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. 我并不是说让人们学习英语或者按照美国人的方式做事,事实上他们自己就这样做了。(2008. 12) ② The university should adopt new methods of teaching foreign languages. 这所大学应采用新的外语教学法。
派生 adoption (n. 采用;收养)‖adoptable (a. 可采用的)
语料 There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of "Eat, drink, and be merry," but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death. 当然,也有人奉行“吃,喝,享受”的享乐主义信条,但绝大多数人还是会受到即将到来的死亡的惩罚。(Three Days to See《假如给我三天光明》)
eve /iːv/ 听读写译
释义 n. 前夜,前夕;重要事件的前一刻;傍晚
搭配 New Year's Eve 除夕夜
示例 ① On the eve of the operations, church groups began two weeks of praying for one set of patients. 在手术前夜,教会组织开始为一组患者进行为期两周的祈祷。(Scientific American)② What will you do on Christmas Eve? 你们要在圣诞夜做什么?
同义 evening
permeate /ˈpɜːmieɪt/ 听读写译
释义 v. 渗透;弥漫;感染
助记 per(=through,穿过)+mea(=pass,经过)+(a)te→ 穿过和经过→渗透
示例 ① Popular psychology has become a fixture in our society, and its aphorisms, truths and half-truths permeate our everyday existence. 大众心理学已经成为我们社会中的固定成分,而且大众心理学的格言、真相与半真半假的说法,已经渗透到我们的日常生活中。(Scientific American) ② The smell of the flowers permeated the air. 空气中弥漫着花香。
utter /ˈʌtə(r)/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 发出声音;说,讲‖a. 彻底的,完全的
示例 ① This book stopped America's urban renewal movement in its tracks, to the utter fury of Moses, Felt, Mumford and the rest. 这本书当即阻止了美国的城市重建运动,让摩西、费尔特、芒福德等人怒不可遏。(The Economist)② The old man departed without uttering a word. 这位老人一言不发地离开了。
同义 say, complete