三 结论与讨论

人类对贫困的认识在不断进步，对于贫困的测量也在不断完善。用于全球贫困监测的两类贫困标准，即收入/消费标准和多维贫困指数，是目前反映人类贫困最为成熟的方法。这两种贫困标准，对于加强我国的贫困监测，贯彻实施《中国农村扶贫开发纲要（2011～2020年）》都有重要参考价值。

收入/消费标准能够简单地从货币视角捕获贫困人口的经济状况，是制定反贫困战略和政策简单易懂的贫困测量方法。多维贫困指数把贫困测量拓展到更加全面的维度和指标，以更多的变量来反映人的生活质量。多维贫困指数的出现是人类测量贫困以来的巨大进步，弥补了以往贫困测量对于福祉衡量的不足。该方法特别有助于决定反贫困公共政策干预的优先顺序。不仅能够准确地监测贫困状况，而且能够为反贫困战略和政策提供明确的指向。

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