Word List 23

wash/ wɒʃ / v. 洗涤，冲刷 n. 洗；洗的衣服

[例] Washing clothes is the last thing I want to do. 洗衣服是我最不愿意做的事情。

[考] 1. wash up 洗手洗脸；洗餐具 2. wash out 冲掉；洗退色 3. wash away 冲走

[参] washing（n. 洗，洗涤，冲洗；要洗的衣物）；washroom（n. 盥洗室）

struggle/ ˋstrʌgl / n./v. 努力，斗争，挣扎

[例] I struggled to get free. 我争取获得自由。

boil/ bɔIl / v. 沸腾，烧开；煮

[例] boiling water 沸水 // boiled water 开水 // boiling point 沸点

[考] boil down to 等于；归结为： Most of the crimes may boil down to a question of money. 大多数犯罪都可归结为金钱问题。

do/ duː / vt.（did, done, doing） 做，干 aux. v. 用以构成疑问句及否定句

[考] 1. do away with 摆脱；废除 2. do well in 在…方面做得好 3. do sb. a favour 帮某人忙 4. have something to do with... 和…有关

powerful/ ˋpaʊəfl / adj. 强有力的，强大的；有影响力的

[例] The new President claimed that he would make his country wealthy and powerful. 新总统声称他将使国家富强。

straight/ streIt / adj./adv. 直的（地）

[例] He looked at me straight in the eye. 他直视着我的眼睛。// Come straight home after school. 放学后直接回家。

hold/ həʊld / v.（held, held, holding） 拿，握住；举行

[考] 1. hold on 稍等，别挂电话 2. hold on to... 紧紧抓住…；坚持… 3. hold to... 坚持…；握紧… 4. hold up 举起 5. hold back... 隐瞒；抑制…

[例] hold a party 举办晚会

[参] holder（n. 持有者，占有者）

advantage/ ədˋvaːntIdʒ / n. 优点，好处

[记] 词根记忆：advant（看作advance,前进）+age（表行为）→使人前进、进步的→优点

[例] Her rich experience gave her an advantage over other applicants for the job. 她丰富的经验使她比其他求职者更具优势。

[考] take advantage of 利用： Let's take advantage of the long vacation and make a trip to Hong Kong. 我们利用这个长假去香港旅行吧!

[参] disadvantage（n. 缺点，坏处）

competition/ ˌkɒmpəˋtIʃn / n. 比赛，竞赛

[例] Our company is in competition with other three companies for this important cooperation. 我们公司和其他三家公司在竞争这次重要的合作机会。

辨：competition, match, game

competition指体力、技巧、能力等方面的竞争；match常用来表示重要的、公开进行的“比赛”；game指人们用体力或智力进行的竞赛活动。

bargain/ ˋbaːgən / n. 便宜货，廉价货 v. 讨价还价

[用] bargain with sb.（about/over sth.） 与某人（就某物） 讲价： We bargained with the car salesman. 我们同汽车销售商讨价还价。

[例] This jacket is a real bargain at such a low price. 这件夹克衫价格这么低，真是便宜。

honour/ ˋɒnə /（美honor） vt. 尊敬，给予荣誉 n. 荣誉，光荣

[例] They honoured him with a special dinner. 他们专门设宴招待他以示尊敬。

[考] It is one's honour to do... 做…是某人的荣幸： It is my honour to help you. 帮助你是我的荣幸。

acknowledge/ əkˋnɒlIdʒ / vt. 答谢；承认

[例] I acknowledged Tom for all of his help with the project. 我非常感谢汤姆在这个项目上对我的帮助。// He is acknowledged as one of the best tennis players in the world. 他被公认为是世界上最优秀的网球选手之一。

defence/ dIˋfens / n. 防御；防护；辩护

[记] 发音记忆：“抵粉丝”→抵御粉丝的围攻→防御；防护

[例] Many young men joined the army in defence of their country during the war. 战争期间，很多年轻人入伍保卫国家。

practise/ˋpræktIs /（美practice） v. 练习；实习；经常做；养成…的习惯

[用] practise sth./doing sth. 练习（做）某事： Some boys are practising playing basketball. 一些男孩正在练习打篮球。

clothing/ ˋkləʊðIŋ / n. 〈总称〉 衣服

[例] a piece of clothing 一件衣服

辨：clothing, clothes

clothing和clothes都有“衣服”的意思。 clothing是集合名词，为衣服的总称，既包括各类衣服，也包括鞋、帽等身上穿戴的一切，可用量词表示件数，如：an article of/a piece of clothing 一件衣服。 clothes指各种衣服（上衣、裤子、内衣等），谓语动词永远用复数形式。

influence/ ˋInfluəns / n./vt. 影响

[记] 词根记忆：in（进入）+flu（流动）+ence→流进去→影响

[例] What influenced your career choice? 什么影响了你对职业的选择？

[考] influence upon/on... 对…有影响： Listening to the music has a calming influence on her. 听音乐对她起了一种镇静的作用。

flesh/ fleʃ / n. 肉，肉体

[例] flesh and blood 血肉之躯；亲人

burglar/ ˋbɜːglə / n. 盗贼，窃贼

[例] The burglar got into the house through the bedroom window. 窃贼从卧室的窗户潜入了这栋房子。

[参] burglarious（adj. 夜盗的；犯夜盗罪的）

succeed/ səkˋsiːd / vi. 成功 vt. 继承，接替

[记] 词根记忆：suc+ceed（行走，前进）→成功

[考] succeed in（doing） sth. 成功做成某事： He succeeded in the examination. 他通过了考试。

require/ rIˋkwaIə / vt. 需求；要求

[记] 词根记忆：re（一再）+quire（要求）→需要

[用] 1. require + 从句，从句谓语用虚拟语气结构（should） + do: It is required that all passengers（should） show their tickets. 所有乘客都被要求出示车票。 2. require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，常用被动形式： Students are required to bring their own pens and pencils. 要求学生们自带钢笔和铅笔。3. require + doing（= + to be done） ： The floor requires cleaning/to be cleaned. 地板需要清洁了。类似require（后接现在分词表示被动含义） 的动词还有want, need等，如： The floor wants/needs cleaning. 地板需要清洁了。

[例] To solve the problem requires the efforts of the whole society. 解决这个问题需要全社会的努力。

[参] requirement（n. 需要，必要的条件）

辨：request, require

除作动词外，request 还可作名词使用；而require只能作动词。当它们都作动词时，require的前两个用法都适用于request, 但request没有后接doing的用法。 另外request一词是指很有礼貌的请求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。而require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。

above/ əˋbʌv / prep. 在…上面，在…上方；多于，大于 adj. 上面的，上述的；上文的 adv. 在上面

[记] 联想记忆： 关于迈尔克·乔丹的纪录片Michael Jordan: Above and Beyond《迈克尔·乔丹： 超越巅峰》

[例] There are thirty students above sixteen years old in our class. 我们班有30名16岁以上的学生。

[考] above all首先，首要

辨：above, over

above和over都可以表示“在…上”，但有区别。当表示非垂直上方的时候，一般用above, 比如：I raise my arms above my head. 我把手臂举过头顶。over意为“横过，越过”，表示在垂直的上方，比如： There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。above还可以指“温度或高度高于某个标准”，比如： The temperature is 32°C above zero. 温度是零上32摄氏度。over可以用来表达“速度高于”或“年龄超过”，比如： The boy is not over 10 years old. 那个男孩不到十岁。

dirt/ dɜːt / n. 污物，脏物；尘土

[记] 联想记忆： 拍拍衬衫（shirt） 上的尘土（dirt）

[参] dirty（adj. 脏的，肮脏的）

post/ pəʊst / n. 岗位，职位；邮政，邮寄，邮件 vt. 投寄；邮寄；发布

[记] 联想记忆： 台湾人经常说“把…PO上网”，PO就是post的缩写，表示上传

[例] I asked Kate to help me send a letter when she passed the post office. 我让凯特在经过邮局时帮我寄封信。

search/ sɜːtʃ / n./v. 搜寻，搜查

[记] 网页上的搜索就是search

[考] 1. search out... 找出… 2. in search of... 搜寻…

辨： 1. search, search for

search指“搜身/搜查某物”，宾语是搜查的对象，如： The police searched the terrorist but found no weapon on him. 警察搜了恐怖分子的身，但没找到武器。search for指“搜寻某人/某物”，宾语是搜查的对象： He searched for his keys. 他找他的钥匙。

2. look for, search for, be after

以上三个词组都指“找”的动作或过程，与find（找到） 强调找的结果相对。look for是普通用语，语气较弱。 search for是“搜寻”，语气较强。 be after表示“追赶”，如： The police are after him. 警方正在追捕他。

aboard/ əˋbɔːd / prep./adv. 在船上，上船

[记] 联想记忆：a+board（木板，甲板）→在甲板上→在船上

[例] She went aboard the ship. 她上了船。

deliver/ dIˋlIvə / vt. 投递（信件、邮包等） ；交付，给

[记] 词根记忆：de（向下）+liver（释放）→向下放→交付

[考] deliver...to sb. 把…交给某人： We delivered the criminal to the police. 我们把罪犯交给了警察。

useless/ ˋjuːsləs / adj. 无用的

[例] This is a useless knife, because the handle is broken! 这把小刀没用了，因为刀把坏了。

bark/ baːk / v. 狗叫n. 狗叫声

[例] Our neighbor's dog barks constantly. 我们邻居的狗叫个不停。

learn/ lɜːn / vi. 学，学习；（与of, about连用） 得知，获悉 vt. 学，学习，学会，得知

[例] Students learned how to plant trees through this class. 通过这节课，学生们学会了如何植树。

[参] learned（adj. 有学问的）

contrary/ ˋkɒntrəri / n. 反面 adj. 相反的

[记] 词根记忆：contra（相反） +ry（表性质） →相反的

[考] on the contrary 相反： I'm not ill. On the contrary, I'm very healthy. 我没生病；相反，我很健康。

western/ ˋwestən / adj. 西方的；西部的

[例] Britain has allied itself with other western powers for trade and defence. 英国与西方其他强国结成了贸易和防御联盟。

sound/ saʊnd / vi. 发出声音 vt. 宣告 link.v. 听起来 n. 声音

[用] sound作系动词，主要用法有： 1. sound like 听起来像…： I don't want to sound like I'm speaking ill of anybody, but the manager's plan is unfair. 我不想让自己听起来像是在说别人的坏话，但是经理的计划确实不公平。2. sound+adj. 听起来…： The disc sounded fantastic at the party that night. 那晚聚会上放的唱片听起来棒极了。

force/ fɔːs / vt. 强迫，迫使 n. 力量，武力

[用] force sb. to do sth.（=force sb. into doing sth.） 强迫某人做某事

[考] 1. come into force 生效，实行 2. put in/into force 施行，实施 3. by force 用暴力，强迫地

breast/ brest / n. 胸部；胸怀

[例] Joy filled his breast. 他满心欢喜。

generous/ ˋdʒenərəs / adj. 慷慨的，大方的

[记] 词根记忆：gener（产生）+ous（…的）→产生很多的→慷慨的

[例] He is a generous man. 他为人大方。

[参] generously（adv. 慷慨地）

criminal/ ˋkrImInl / n. 罪犯

[例] The police provided the records of the criminal to the judge in court. 警方在法庭上向法官提供该罪犯的犯罪记录。

[参] criminalist（n. 刑事专家，犯罪学者）

because/ bIˋkɒz / conj. 因为

[考] because of 由于，因为

辨：because, because of

because, because of 都表示“因为”。because为连词，引导表原因的状语从句；because of为介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词。如： I didn't go out for a walk because it was raining（=because of rain）.

successful/ səkˋsesfl / adj. 成功的，有成就的

[例] That successful businesswoman is our model. 那个成功的商业女性是我们的榜样。

[参] successfully（adv. 成功地）

辨：successful, successive

successful意为“成功的”，be successful后面跟in doing sth.，不能接不定式，如： I was successful in writing a book. 我成功地写出了一本书。successive意为“连续的，接连的”，表示一种继承或者承接关系，如： Italian team has won five successive games. 意大利队连续赢了五场比赛。

单元自测题

1. He was a good student and scored ______ average in most subjects.（2011天津）

A. below

B. of

C. on

D. above

2. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ______.（2008山东）

A. exchange

B. bargain

C. trade

D. business

3. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______ he wanted to sit next to his wife.（2010辽宁）

A. although

B. unless

C. because

D. if

4. This is not an economical（节约的） way to get more water; ______，it is very expensive.

A. or else

B. on the contrary

C. in short

D. on the other hand

5. The shop owner will get all these ordered TV sets ______ to the customers today.

A. be delivered

B. delivered

C. delivering

D. to deliver

6. — How did it happen that your business went wrong?

— But I have done all that is ______ by law.

A. requested

B. judged

C. desired

D. required

7. — Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?

— No, I ______ my homework all day yesterday.（2010全国新课标）

A. was doing

B. would do

C. had done

D. do

8. The government plans to bring in new laws ______ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.（2009江西）

A. forced

B. forcing

C. to be forced

D. having forced

9. Bill suggested ______ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.（2009上海）

A. having held

B. to hold

C. holding

D. hold

10. ______ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.（2008湖南）

A. Having searched

B. To search

C. Searching

D. Search

11. — Shall we go out for dinner tonight?

— ______.

A. You are right

B. It must be funny

C. That sounds great

D. Have a nice time

12. Dina, ______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.（2010湖南）

A. struggling

B. struggled

C. having struggled

D. to struggle

13. China has got a good ______ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.（2009安徽）

A. reputation

B. influence

C. impression

D. knowledge

14. Helping others is a habit, ______ you can learn even at an early age.（2010山东）

A. it

B. that

C. what

D. one

15. The simple joy of reading a book is something we take for granted. But many people have had to ______ this pleasure because of poor eyesight.

A. give in

B. give off

C. give out

D. give up

答案：DBCBB DABCD CCADD