Word List 32
advice/ ədˋvaIs / n. 忠告,劝告,建议
[考] 1. ask for advice 征求意见 2. give/offer some advice 提建议3. take/follow one's advice 采纳、接受某人的意见 4. two pieces of advice 两条建议
professor/ prəˋfesə / n. 教授
[例] university professors 大学教授
comfort/ ˋkʌmfət / v. 安慰,(使痛苦) 缓和 n. 安慰,慰问
[例] I tried my best to comfort Tom after his mother's death. 汤姆的母亲去世后我尽力安慰他。
enough/ Iˋnʌf / n./adj./adv. 足够(的/地) ;充足(的/地)
[用] 1. enough作副词时,应置于它所修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面: If I had a long enough holiday, I'd visit Europe. 如果我有一个足够长的假期,我就去欧洲玩。2. adj.+enough+to do sth. 足够…去做某事: I was old enough to move out on my own. 我年纪已经够大了,可以搬出去自己住。
[例] I think I have said enough. 我想我已经说得够多了。// There is enough time to go shopping. 有足够的时间去购物。
fair/ feə / adj. 公平的;晴朗的;白皙的 n. 集市,展览会
[例] It's not fair. 这不公平。// If the weather is fair tomorrow, we'll go shopping. 明天天气晴朗的话,我们就去购物。// a world fair 世界博览会
[参] unfair(adj. 不公平的)
sweep/ swiːp / vt.(swept, swept, sweeping) 扫除,打扫
[例] I just swept the floor. Don't drop crumbs! 我刚扫完地,不要把面包屑掉到地上!
length/ leŋϑ / n. 长,长度
[考] at length 最后;详细地: At length we arrived at our destination. 我们终于到达了目的地。
shake/ ʃeIk / vt.(shook, shaken, shaking) 使摇动;震动
[例] shake the head 摇头
[考] shake hands with sb. 和某人握手
reservation/ ˌrezəˋveIʃn / n.(旅馆房间等的) 预订;预约
[例] Charlie is going to make a reservation for his boss. 查利要为他的老板订一个房间。
approximately/ əˋprɒksImətli / adv. 近似地,大约
[例] Approximately how long does it take to go to the city? 去城里大约要多久?
hope/ həʊp / n./v. 希望
[用] 1. hope to do... 希望做…: We should not hope to get rewards without hard work. 不努力工作我们就别想得到奖赏。2. hope(that) 希望…: I hope(that) I can receive your photo as soon as possible. 我希望能尽快收到你的照片。3. hope for... 希望…,期待… 注意:hope后不能接复合宾语,如果要表达希望某人做某事,需要用宾语从句或其他形式,如: I hope that you will succeed.(=I hope for your success.) 我希望你能成功。
辨:hope, wish
对于有可能实现的事情用hope, 如: I hope you will help me. 我希望你能帮助我。(我这样想,也相信你会这样做。)当某事不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时用wish, 如: I wish I were 20 years younger. 但愿我能年轻20岁。(这是不可能的事情。)而且wish后接that从句时要用虚拟语气。另外,hope后不能接双宾语或复合宾语,wish则可以。
introduce/ ˌIntrəˋdjuːs / vt. 介绍;引进
[例] This is the new technology we introduced last month. 这就是我们上个月引进的新技术。
[考] introduce...to... 把…介绍给…
[参] introduction(n. 引进,介绍)
guide/ gaId / n. 向导,导游 v. 指导;指引
[例] The new manager guided the whole company through the financial crisis. 新经理带领整个公司渡过了金融危机。
[参] guidance(n. 指导,领导)
near/ nIə / prep. 在…附近,靠近 adj. 近的 adv. 附近,邻近
[例] The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 人们最后一次看见那些走失的男孩们时,他们在河边玩耍。// in the near future 在不久的将来
辨:near, close
二者的意思几乎相同,但是在某些短语的搭配中不可互换,如:the near future 不久的将来 // the near distance 近处,它们中的near不可用close替换;同样,a close friend 密友 // close behind 紧随,这两个词组中的close亦不可用near替换。
something/ ˋsʌmϑIŋ / pron. 某事;某物
[例] Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点儿什么吗?
lose/ luːz / vt.(lost, lost, losing) 失去,丢失
[例] lose weight 减肥 // Lost Found 失物招领处 // lose the game 输了比赛
charge/ tʃaːdʒ / v. 收费;指控;索价;充电 n. 费用,价钱
[考] 1. in charge of 支配;负责: My mom was in charge of the baby. 我妈妈负责照顾那个婴儿。2. in the charge of 受…的支配,由…负责: The baby was in the charge of my mom. 那个婴儿由我妈妈负责照顾。3. take charge(of sth.)控制,掌管 4. free of charge 免费 5. charge sb. some money 向某人要价(收费)
[参] overcharge(v. 要价过高)
all/ ɔːl / adj./pron./adv.(三者以上) 全部
[用] 1. all与not连用表示部分否定: Not all the students could pass the exams.(=All the student couldn't pass the exams.) 并不是所有的同学都能及格。此类词语还有both, every等。2. 在定语从句中,all作先行词时,关系代词必须用that(或省略) : This is all that I have. 这就是我的所有。3. 主语中有all, 谓语的单复数要由all所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。即: 如果指代具体的人或物,谓语用复数: All are silent. 所有的人都不作声。如果代表一个整体,用单数: All is silent on the island now. 此时此刻,岛上万籁俱寂。
[考] 1. after all 毕竟,终究 2. above all 首先,最重要的 3. in all 总共 4. all over 遍及 5. all through 一直,始终 6. not at all 一点也不 7. all day/night/week/month/year 整日/夜/周/月/年
during/ ˋdjʊərIŋ / prep. 在…期间,在…过程中
[例] What did the man do during these weeks? 那个人在这几星期里都做了什么?// during the operation 在手术过程中
range/ reIndʒ / n. 范围;射程
[例] That subject is outside my range. 这个课题超出了我的研究范围。// The gun has a range of five miles. 这把枪的射程是5英里。
[考] a wide range of 大范围的…
foreign/ ˋfɒrən / adj. 外国的
[例] a foreign language 一门外语
front/ frʌnt / adj. 前面的;前部的 n. 前面;前部;前线
[例] There is a big apple tree in front of my grandpa's house. 我爷爷家门前有棵大苹果树。
[考] in front of 在…前面
[参] frontier(n. 国境,边界)
辨:in front of, in the front of
这两个短语都意为“在…的前面”。但in front of 指在某物外部的前面,例如: There is a garden in front of the house. 房子前面有个花园。(花园在房子的外面)in the front of 指在某物内部的前面,如: There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有个黑板。(黑板在教室里面)
hire/ ˋhaIə / vt. 租用
[例] They hired a bathing machine. 他们租用了一辆游泳更衣车。
spread/ spred / n./v.(spread, spread, spreading) 延伸,展开;传播
[记] 联想记忆:sp+read(阅读) → 通过阅读来扩展我们的视野 →延伸
[例] The spread of the deserts affects many countries. 荒漠的扩大影响到众多国家。// Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。
[考] spread out 展开
tired/ ˋtaIəd / adj. 疲劳的,累的;厌烦的
[记] 联想记忆: 消防员救下一场大fire(火),各个都非常tired(疲劳的)
[例] Carnegie is sick and tired of all the arguments. 卡耐基病了,他对所有的争论都很厌烦。
辨:be tired of, be tired with
be tired of表示“对…感到厌倦”,而be tired with是“因为…而感到疲劳”,比如: I was tired of teaching the students. 我厌倦了给学生上课。// I was tired with teaching students. 我因为给学生上课而感到很疲劳。
own/ əʊn / adj. 自己的 vt. 拥有
[例] I thought if I owned a restaurant I could eat there for free. 我想如果自己有家餐馆,那就可以免费吃喝了。
[考] 1. on one's own 单独地,独自地 2. of one's own 某人自己的
[参] owner(n. 所有者;主人);ownership(n. 所有权)
smile/ smaIl / n./v. 微笑
[记] 联想记忆: 2008年北京奥运会志愿者口号: The volunteer's smile is the best name card of Beijing. 志愿者的微笑是北京最好的名片。
[用] smile经常用作不及物动词,后面接介词at, 也可以作及物动词。一般来说,smile的意思是“微笑”,而laugh指的是“大笑”。
[例] A sweet smile will bring happiness to the giver and people around. 甜美的微笑会给微笑者及其周围的人带来快乐。
prize/ praIz / n. 奖赏,奖品,奖金
[记] 联想记忆: 奖品(prize)不能用价格(price)来衡量
[例] He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. 他被授予诺贝尔和平奖。
辨:prize, award, reward
prize指对各种竞赛的优胜者所给的奖励;award指对在某方面有功劳者所给予的奖励,有时也指给予竞赛获胜者的奖励;reward指对品德高尚和勤劳的人给予的奖励,有时指为某事而付给的酬金。
outer/ ˋaʊtə / adj. 外部的
[例] outer space 外太空
appearance/ əˋpIərəns / n. 出现,露面;容貌
[例] With the appearance of the president, everyone rose. 总统出现了,人们全体起立。
look/ lʊk / n. [C] 看,瞧 vi. 看,瞧;看起来;注意
[例] Harry looked around to make sure he was not followed by strangers. 哈里四处张望以确保没有陌生人跟踪他。
[考] look after 照顾;look ahead 向前看,展望未来;look down on/upon 看不起,轻视;look for 寻找;look into 向…里面看;调查;look up 留神,当心;查找;向上看;look through 看穿;浏览
辨:look, view, sight
一般来说,look强调的是“看”的动作,view则是指“视野”,即眼睛所能看到的范围,sight意为“看见”,强调的是看的结果。
one/ wʌn / num./pron. 一个(人或物) ;任何人(泛指)
[用] one作代词,代替前文出现过的可数名词,表示单数用one, 表示复数用ones: We've been looking for houses but haven't found one we like yet. 我们一直在看房子,但是还没有找到一个喜欢的。// Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more serious ones than mobile phones do. 汽车的确导致了一些健康问题——实际上,比手机导致的健康问题要严重得多。
[考] 1. one at a time 一次一个 2. at one time 曾经;同时 3. one by one 一个接一个 4. one⁃way 单行的 5. one more+n. 再来一个… 6. one day 有一天;总有一天 7. one another(三人或三人以上)互相 8. at one time or another 曾经
[参] oneself(pron. 亲自,自己)
辨:one, ones, that, those, it
这五个代词都可以指代前面出现过的名词,以避免重复。one和ones只能代替可数名词,具有泛指性质,往往带有修饰语,如: This question is one of great importance. 这个问题很重要。that和those具有特指性质,that常用于代替不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数,如: Life in city is quite different from that in country. 城市生活和乡村生活非常不同。// The buildings in the capital are taller than those in other cities. 首都的建筑比其他城市的高大。one和it都可以代替上文提到的单数名词,但one用于泛指,相当于a+名词,it用于特指,相当于the+名词,如: I prefer a flat in the downtown to one(=a flat) in the suburb. 我更喜欢市中心而不是郊区的公寓。// The Parkers bought a new house but it(=the house) will need a lot of work before they can move in. 帕克夫妇买了一栋新房子,但是那栋房子需要好好收拾后才能入住。
predict/ prIˋdIkt / v. 预言;预报
[记] 词根记忆:pre(预先)+dict(说)→预言;预报
[例] Eric in his book predicts a future world with sufficient material. 埃里克在自己的书中预言了一个物质充足的未来世界。
[参] predictable(adj. 可预言的);unpredictable(adj. 不可预知的)
fit/ fIt / v.(fit/fitted, fit/fitted, fitting)(使) 适合 adj. 适合的,健康的
[考] 1. be fit for 适合于 2. keep fit 保持健康
辨:fit, suit, match
fit表“适合”之意时,多用来指“大小、形状等适合”及“服装合身”,而不表示服装的款式、颜色等合适,如: The pair of shoes doesn't fit me. 这双鞋我穿不合脚。而suit侧重于“符合需要、口味、条件等”,尤其用来指“衣服式样、颜色或发型与人相配”: This coat suits you well. 这件衣服很适合你。 match指“相配,配得上”时,多指人或物在“品质、颜色”等方面相当或相配,如: It's difficult to match the color of the old painting. 很难找到与旧画颜色相配的色彩。
that/ ðæt / adj./pron. 那,那个 conj.(引导从句,无词义) adv. 那么,那样
[用] 1. that用于引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) 和定语从句。引导名词性从句时没有词义,引导定语从句时指代先行词。另外,that在引导宾语从句时可以省略,在定语从句中作宾语时也可以省略,其他情况则不可省略。2. that用于指代上文提到的不可数名词,以避免重复: I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city. 我要搬到乡下去,因为那里的空气比城市的要清新得多。that也可指代上文提到的一种情况: —I have never been to Paris. —That's a pity. —我从来没去过巴黎。—那很遗憾。
[考] 1. That's all right. 没关系。2. so/such...that... 如此…以至于…
辨:that, which
that和which在引导定语从句时,以下情况只能用that: 1. 先行词中既有人又有物时;2. 先行词被all, anything, everything等不定代词以及first, only, any等修饰时;3. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。以下情况只能用which: 1. 定语从句由介词加关系代词引导时;2. 在非限制性定语从句中。
that, what
that和what都可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。区别在于,that只起引导作用,不充当任何句子成分,也没有实际意义;而what除了起引导作用,同时还在其引导的从句中作某个句子成分,本身的含义也根据句子内容而有所不同。如: I can prove that she did it. 我能证明是她干的。// I can prove what she said. 我能证明她所说的话。
function/ ˋfʌŋkʃn / n. 功能,作用,职责;函数 vi. 起作用;行使职责
[记] 词根记忆:funct(活动)+ion→有活动能力→功能
[例] The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body. 心脏的功能就是把血液输往全身。
reward/ rIˋwɔːd / n. 奖赏;报答;报酬;回报
[记] 联想记忆: 急冲向前(forward),领取奖赏(reward)
[例] Winning the match was just a reward for the effort John had made. 赢得比赛只是对约翰所付出努力的回报。
[参] rewardful(adj. 有酬劳的,有报酬的)
condition/ kənˋdIʃn / n. 条件,状况
[记] 词根记忆:con(表加强)+dit(给予)+ion(名词后缀)→就给这么多→条件
[例] working conditions 工作条件 // living conditions 生活状况
[考] 1. on condition that 只要,如果 2. under/in...condition 在…的状况下
[参] conditional(adj. 有条件的,受制约的)
单元自测题
1. ______ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.(2010北京)
A. Looking
B. Look
C. To look
D. Looked
2. The questionnaire takes ______ ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment interview.(2009湖北)
A. mainly
B. punctually
C. approximately
D. precisely
3. — Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?
— Victoria Street? ______ is where the Grand Theatre is.(2008辽宁)
A. Such
B. There
C. That
D. This
4. — Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?
— No, it's out of ______.
A. range
B. reach
C. control
D. distance
5. If I had ______,I'd visit Europe, stopping at all the interesting places.
A. a long enough holiday
B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long
D. a long holiday enough
6. Amy joined a painting group but didn't seem to ______,so she left.(2009山东)
A. show
B. go up
C. fit in
D. come over
7. — What's the matter with Della?
— Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still ______.(2009江苏)
A. hopes to
B. hopes so
C. hopes not
D. hopes for
8. — The food here is nice enough. — My friend ______ me a right place.(2009湖南)
A. introduces
B. introduced
C. had introduced
D. was introducing
9. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say ______ for me?(2010 福建)
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
10. The soldier's wet clothes needed ______ on the grass to dry in the sun.
A. unfolding
B. unfold
C. spreading
D. spread
11. Every evening after dinner, if not ______ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.(2009湖南)
A. being tired
B. tiring
C. tired
D. to be tired
12. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ______.(2007天津)
A. bills
B. expenses
C. prices
D. charges
13. My watch ______ 20 seconds. Would you be so kind as to set it backwards?
A. wins
B. gets
C. gains
D. loses
14. — Wow! You've got so many clothes.
— But ______ of them are in fashion now.(2009上海)
A. all
B. both
C. neither
D. none
15. The book was written in 1946,______ the education system has witnessed great changes.(2007山东)
A. when
B. during which
C. since then
D. since when
答案:ACCAA CABCC CBCDD
We often hear of people breaking down from overwork, but in nine cases out of ten they are really suffering from worry or anxiety.
我们常常听人说,人们因工作过度而垮下来,但是实际上十有八九是因为饱受担忧或焦虑的折磨。
—— 英国银行家 卢伯克(John Lubbock, British banker)