Section III Writing

Part A

题目分析

命题透视

应用文是2005年考研写作新增的题型，总分10分，全国平均得分5.75，难度0.575，一半左右的考生得分在6分以上，是2005年全国考生最易得分的题型。这是一封下级写给上级的辞职信，应该采用正式文体，避免使用缩写、省略和口语表达等非正式语言。

2005年考研之前，很多辅导机构都建议考生准备求职信等常考书信，但考研命题组为了避免考生押题，出题会比较灵活，不会考太过简单的应用文。辞职信加道歉信两种书信的组合，前两段表明辞职，第三段进行道歉，缺一不可。其实辞职信和求职信写法类似，反其道而行之即可。因此考生复习考研写作时，千万不要押题，务必全面准备，只要是大纲要求的写作题型，都有可能考到。考生可能都会准备求学信的写法，但假设考到退学信加投诉信等两种书信的组合，也应在考场灵活应对。

2005年考研写作命题发生了一些变化，把原来题目中的三点提纲序号去掉了，但考生应该清楚，不管是小作文还是大作文，最好写成三段。第一段告诉老板你的决定，第二段说明原因，第三段表达歉意。严格按照提纲来写，最好顺序不要打乱。另外，提纲中的关键词可以使用，但是千万不要照抄提纲中的词组或句子，否则会被扣分。最好把提纲中的词汇和句子结构进行同义替换，从而使你的作文与众不同，取得高分。

本文第一段应首先进行自我介绍，然后开门见山，告诉老板你的辞职决定，也就是本文的写作目的，同时注意应用文应有礼貌用语；第二段写明辞职原因，注意不要过于伤人感情，最好有二至三点原因，不要只有一点原因，只要相关即可，可从工作性质、工作环境、自身能力、家庭情况、工作待遇等多方面解释原因，争得对方同情；第三段应礼貌地对给公司带来的不便表示道歉，同时可以表达自己受聘后的感激之情，期待尽快得到老板的回信答复。

经典范文

Dear Mr. Wang,

I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position.

The primary reasons are as follows. First, after two months, I do feel that it is not easy for me to adapt to the extra work and night shift. Second, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised, and I have a large family to support. Last, what I have learned in the university cannot meet the requirements of being an editor.

I feel terribly sorry for the inconveniences I have caused. I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

中文翻译

尊敬的王先生：

我写信是为了告诉您我决定辞去目前的职位。

主要原因如下：首先，经过两个月的时间我确实感到很难适应加班和夜班。其次，工资事实上比您原先承诺的低很多，而我有一个大家庭要供养。最后，我在大学中所学的知识无法满足作为一名编辑的要求。

对于我带来的不便，我深表歉意，由衷希望您同意我的辞呈。

您真诚的，

李明

范文评析

本文共三段七句，首段一句，改写提纲一：“telling him your decision”，说明写作目的：辞职，使用了表达写作目的的经典句型：“I am writing to inform you about my decision to...”，将题目中的“quit”替换为“resign”。

第二段共四句，总分结构，改写提纲二：“stating your reason(s)”，说明辞职原因。首句是主题句，使用了主系表结构。第二至四句列举三点原因：不适应加班和夜班、工资太低、能力不足，使用了“first”,“second”,“last”三个简洁的关联词。第二句使用了介词短语作状语和宾语从句；第三句使用了主系表结构、现在完成时、比较状语从句和并列结构；第四句使用了主语从句。

第三段共两句，改写提纲三：“making an apology”，使用了定语从句和宾语从句。

精彩表达

inform 告诉

decision 决定

resign 辞职

current 目前的

position 职位

primary 主要的

night shift 夜班

salary 工资

originally 原先

promise 承诺

support 供养

meet 满足

requirement 要求

terribly 深深地

inconvenience 不便

cause 引起

sincerely 真诚地

approve of 同意

佳句拓展

1. I have read your advertisement in“New York Times”of January 4 for a secretary, and should be grateful if you could consider me favorably as an application for the position. 据1月4日《纽约时报》所登广告，得悉贵公司招聘文秘。如您考虑本人对该职务的申请，我将不胜感激。

2. If you have any positions available, please allow me to have an interview with you. 如您有任何职位空缺，请给我一次面试机会。

3. I would appreciate it if you could grant me an interview so that I could explain in more detail in person the relevance of my background and training. 希望您能给我一次面试机会，让我更加详细地讲述我的经历和受训情况，我将不胜感激。

4. I shall be glad to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and professional experience. 我将很乐意为您提供更多关于我的教育和工作经历的信息。

5. I believe that I am well-prepared, both psychologically and academically, for the post. 我认为我不论从学识还是心理素质而言都能胜任该职位。

6. I believe I have the appropriate qualifications and experience for this post, and therefore here I am enclosing my resume. 我认为自己具备该职位所需资历和经验，因此附上个人简历。

考生作文

Dear Mr. Wang,

I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an editor for your magazine Design & Fashions. I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here with you and other colleagues. The experiences will be unforgettable throughout my life.

However, as a young man whose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing, I find my present job doesn’t fall in with my previous training and strength. I therefore decide to quit this job for something else that may conform to my former preparation.

Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconveniences my leaving may occur.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

中文翻译

尊敬的王先生：

十分感激您两个月之前聘用我为杂志《设计与时尚》的编辑。我非常珍惜这个与您和其他同事共事的机会。这将是我一生中难忘的经历。

但是，对于一个对计算机科学而不是时尚设计最感兴趣的年轻人来说，我认识到目前的工作并不符合我的教育背景与个人强项。因此，我决定辞职，找一份与我从前教育背景相关的工作。

对于我离开可能造成的不便，请接受我诚挚的歉意。

您真诚的，

李明

作文评析

本文是2005年教育部《大纲分析》公布的高分作文，是当年考研小作文的“写作状元”。全文共三段，六句，首段三句，总分结构，改写题目交代的背景，首句是主题句，使用了主系表结构和被动语态；第一、二句具体表示感谢。“感谢”使用了“be grateful”和“appreciate”作同义替换，同时把背景交代中的“got a job”替换为“be employed”。

第二段共两句，改写前两点提纲，首句改写提纲二：“stating your reason(s)”，说明辞职原因在于工作不是兴趣所在，使用了介词短语放在句首作状语以及定语从句。第二句改写提纲一“telling him your decision”，说明写作目的：辞职。第二段使用了“primary”,“rather than”,“fall in with”,“conform to”等精彩表达以及“however”和“therefore”两个关联词。

尾段一句，改写提纲三：“making an apology”，对于辞职表示道歉，出现了定语从句以及“accept sincere apologies”,“inconveniences”等精彩表达。美中不足的是，occur应该替换成cause（导致），与inconveniences搭配。

万能框架

道歉信

Dear Sir/Madam,

I’m writing to apologize for______. Had I paid more attention then, I wouldn’t have made such a stupid mistake.

Now something must be done to solve the problem because I understand______. Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconvenience it may cause.

Please let me know which solution you prefer at your earliest convenience. I really hope you will accept my sincere apology.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

参考译文

尊敬的先生/女士：

我写信为______表示道歉。如果我当时多留意的话，就不会犯这么愚蠢的错误了。

现在我必须做些事情来解决这个问题，因为我知道______。对于它可能造成的不便，请接受我真诚的歉意。

请尽快让我知道您倾向于哪种解决措施。真切地希望您接受我诚挚的歉意。

您真诚的，

李明

预测练习

Directions:

Suppose you have an important interview, but have unfortunately fallen ill. Write an email to apologize.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Li Ming”instead.

Do not write the address.

注：预测练习题的经典范文及译文请参见《预测范文精编》，可登录本书封面上的下载地址下载。

Part B

题目分析

命题透视

本部分总分20分，全国考生平均分10.88，是2005年考研英语试卷中仅次于应用文的全国考生第二大得分题型。难度0.544。

命题是关于赡养老人的问题。可怜的老父亲缩成了一只足球，被儿女你踢我踹，当成包袱，不肯赡养。按照题目要求，考生应首先描述图画，然后说明图画的含义，最后提出自己的观点。

考生可先从描述图画入手，用踢足球的比喻，把“老人成了人见人推的包袱”这一家庭现象形象地表现出来。文章的重点部分应该放在陈述自己的看法和观点上，指出子女不赡养老人问题应该得到高度重视，也可以从人的良知入手，痛斥不孝顺父母的子女。最后给出建议，可以从制定相关法律和法规、培养年轻人尊老和敬老意识等方面入手。

经典范文

As is subtly revealed in the caricature, four children are playing a“football match”of taking care of their aged father. Each of them stands in a different corner of a football field. The eldest son kicked out the father, with the other three children guarding their goals.

The aim of the portrayal is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the mistreatment of senior citizens. First and foremost, some people shirk their duty of financially supporting their old and helpless parents due to their own interests. Furthermore, some elderly people are often ill-treated by their own children and cannot lead a normal life. Last but not least, while some young people are enjoying a comfortable life, their parents are neglected and reduced to utter poverty.

Thus, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. To begin with, relevant laws and regulations should be made to severely punish those who shun the responsibilities of caring for their parents. In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of the young that respecting the elderly has always been the traditional virtue of Chinese culture. Only by doing so can we curb the current evil phenomenon illustrated in the drawing.

中文翻译

图画生动地展示了四个子女正在进行一场针对赡养老父亲的“足球赛”。他们每人站在足球场的不同角落。大儿子将父亲踢出，而其他三名子女则守住各自的球门。

这幅图画的目的是告诉我们应该对不赡养老年人问题给予应有的重视。首先且最重要的是，有些人出于个人利益，逃避赡养年迈无助的双亲的责任。其次，有些老年人往往受尽子女的虐待，无法过上正常的生活。最后但同样重要的是，一些年轻人在享受舒适生活的同时，他们的父母受尽冷落，一贫如洗。

因此，我们迫切需要采取严厉的措施。首先，我们应该制定相关的法律和法规，严惩那些逃避养老责任的子女。另外，我们应该培养年轻人这样的意识：尊老一直是中国文化的传统美德。只有这样才能遏制图画中所揭露的当前存在的丑恶现象。

范文评析

本文共三段11句，首段图画描述共三句，总分结构，首句是主题句，总体描述图画中的人物及动作，使用了方式状语从句、被动语态、现在进行时和介词短语作定语。第二、三两句挖掘细节词、串连成句，第二句描述环境，第三句具体描述人物动作。

第二段意义阐释共四句，总分结构，首句是主题句，使用了主系表结构和宾语从句。第二至四句列举三点现状：年轻人逃避养老责任、老年人被虐待、两代人境遇反差强烈。

尾段建议措施共四句，总分总结构，首句是主题句，使用了物称代词作形式主语、主系表结构、形容词作表语、不定式短语作真正主语等书面表达。第二、三两句提出两点建议：严惩不孝子女、提高养老意识，第二句使用了被动语态和定语从句；第三句出现了同位语从句、动名词短语作主语和现在完成时。尾句展望未来，使用了倒装句和过去分词作定语。

本文中，老年人分别使用了aged father、senior citizens、old and helpless parents、the old进行同义替换，表明作者语言功底较好。

精彩表达

aged 年迈的

football field 足球场

guard 防守

goal 球门

mistreatment 虐待

senior citizens老年人

shirk duty 逃避责任

financially support 赡养

due to 由于

ill-treat 虐待

neglect 忽视

be reduced to utter poverty 一贫如洗

imperative 迫切的

take drastic measures 采取严厉措施

relevant 相关的

severely punish 严惩

shun the responsibility 逃避责任

cultivate the awareness 培养意识

curb evil phenomenon 制止丑恶现象

佳句拓展

1. Some students in my class come from poor families, but they are active mobile phone users, who may spend per month twice as much as what their parents earn from arduous labor. 我们班上有些学生来自贫困家庭，但他们经常使用手机，每月花销可能是他们父母辛勤劳作所得工资的两倍。

2. Being aware of their parents’ financial difficulty, they used various means to support themselves and managed to save every penny they could for the family.意识到父母的经济困难，他们想尽一切办法来养活自己，并设法为家里尽可能省下每一分钱。

3. It is necessary for the department concerned to organize various activities to enrich the life of its senior citizens and promote the public awareness of respecting the old. 相关部门有必要组织丰富多彩的活动以丰富老年人的生活，并且要提高公众的尊老意识。

4. The successful handling of supporting the elder is of great importance to the stability of a society and the cohesion of a nation, because it enables young people to foresee their future. 成功解决好赡养老人的问题对社会稳定具有重要作用，同时可增强国家的凝聚力，因为这让年轻人能看到他们的未来。

5. They are duty-bound to show their filial piety to their aged parents, because their parents have spared no efforts and endured all kinds of hardships to bring them up. 因为父母含辛茹苦把他们抚养大，所以他们有义务孝敬年迈的父母。

考生作文

This picture reveals a not-uncommon phenomenon of how elders are treated by their grown-up children in some of the families in China. When they are too old to take care of themselves, the elders become burdens to be kicked around by their sons and daughters like a football, a pitiful and unjust sight that will arouse indignation among many Chinese.

As a nation renowned in the world for many of its virtues, the Chinese people have been practicing filial piety throughout history. Many much-told stories reiterate this time-honored virtue of loving and respecting the elders, like the story of Tiying in the West Han Dynasty who risked her life in order to save her wronged father from corporal punishment.

Those who try every means to avoid their duties of looking after their elders should bear in mind that they are much indebted to their parents for their birth and growth. Without the loving care and unrelenting work of their parents, how could they have grown up healthily and successfully? How could it be possible for them to go about without the pricks of conscience?

Every one of us should live up to the virtues passed down to us by our ancestors. Only in this way can we be worthy of the name of a Chinese.

中文翻译

这幅图画反映了一些中国家庭中普遍存在的现象——子女成年后如何对待他们年迈的父母。当父母年龄太大，不能照顾自己的时候，他们就成了负担，被自己的子女们像足球一样踢来踢去。这是一种不公正的可鄙现象，会引起很多中国人的愤慨。

作为一个以很多美德闻名于世的民族，中国人民自古以来一直奉行孝道。许多广为传颂的故事反复强调了这种历史悠久的爱老、敬老的传统，如西汉时缇萦舍身营救蒙冤的父亲免于肉刑的故事。

那些千方百计逃避照顾双亲的责任的子女们应该记住，他们在出生和成长的过程中亏欠父母太多了。没有父母的爱护和不懈的工作，他们怎能健康成长并且取得成功？他们怎能虐待父母而不受到良心的谴责？

我们每个人都应该遵守从祖先那里传承下来的美德。只有这样我们才能无愧为一个中国人。

作文评析

本文是2005年教育部《大纲分析》公布的高分作文，是当年考研大作文的“写作状元”。全文共四段九句，首段图画描述共两句，总分结构。首句是主题句，总体描述图画，先后使用了主谓宾结构、双重否定表示肯定、介词短语作定语、宾语从句和被动语态。第二句具体挖掘图画细节，出现了时间状语从句、主系表结构、不定式短语作定语、同位语以及定语从句。首段使用了reveal、not-uncommon、grown-up、pitiful and unjust、arouse indignation等精彩表达。

第二段意义阐释共两句，总分结构，首句是主题句，短小精悍，先后出现了介词短语放在句首作状语、过去分词短语作定语和现在完成进行时。第二句使用长句进行举例论证，使用了主谓宾结构、介词短语作定语以及定语从句。第二段出现了renowned、filial piety、much-told、wronged、corporal punishment等精彩表达。

第三段反面论证共三句，总分结构。首句是主题句，指出子女亏欠父母太多，先后使用了人称代词作主语、定语从句、介词短语作定语和宾语从句。第二、三两句使用反问的修辞手法和并列结构，出现了介词短语放在句首作状语和现在完成时。第三段使用了try every means、bear in mind、are indebted to、unrelenting、healthily and successfully、pricks of conscience等精彩语言。

尾段归纳结论共两句，总分结构。首句是主题句，指出我们应该继承尊老的传统美德，使用了过去分词短语作后置定语。第二句使用了倒装句和主系表结构。尾段出现了live up to、pass down、ancestors、be worthy of等精彩表达。

万能框架

两代关系

As can be seen from the cartoon above,______. From the information given in the portrayal, we estimate that______.

From my point of view, the government, the society and the children of the old all should care the old rather than one or two parties. How well we handle this social issue reflects the civilization of our country. To begin with, all citizens pay taxes to the government, so the authority is obliged to ensure a stable and happy rest life for its people. In addition, the society including companies, associations and organizations should play a positive role in helping aged people, both financially and spiritually. Last but not least, the children of the elderly should be responsible for their parents, because parents not only bring them to the world, but also raise them to be a useful citizen.

In conclusion, I suggest that the whole society should create an environment conducive to the rest life of the old. No one can escape the obligation.

参考译文

如上图所示，______。从图画中给出的信息，我们可以看出______。

在我看来，政府、社会和儿女三方都应该照顾老年人，而不只是一方或两方。我们如何处理好这个社会问题反映了我们国家的文明程度。首先，所有市民都给政府交税，因此有关当局必须确保其人民拥有稳定、幸福的生活。其次，包括公司、团体和组织在内的整个社会都应该从经济和精神上在帮助老年人方面发挥积极作用。最后但同样重要的是，由于父母不仅把子女带到这个世界上，也把他们培养成有用的公民，子女们应该对其父母负责。

总之，我认为整个社会应该为老年人的余生创造一个有益的环境。没人能够逃避这个责任。

预测练习

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and

3) give your comments.

注：预测练习题的经典范文及译文请参见《预测范文精编》，可登录本书封面上的下载地址下载。