第1章 我有一个梦

I have a dream

《林肯葛底斯堡演说》

Gettysburg Address

Abraham Lincoln/亚伯拉罕·林肯

Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that Nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us;that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion;that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain;that this Nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom;and that government of the People, by the People, and for the People, shall not perish from the earth.

87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创建了一个新的国家，她孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们聚集在这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后的安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。

但是，从广义上来说，我们不能奉献，不能圣化，更不能神化这块土地。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士，活着的和逝去的，已经将这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。今天，我们在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会被长久地记住，但那些勇士在这里的所作所为，全世界永远都不会忘记。换言之，我们这些依然活着的人，应该把自己奉献于那些勇士已经向前推进但尚未完成的崇高事业。我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然摆在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从那些光荣牺牲的勇士身上汲取更多的奉献精神，来完成他们投入毕生精力并为之献身的事业；我们要在这里下定决心，不能让那些勇士白白牺牲；我们要使我们的祖国在上帝的保佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。

实战提升

导读

1863年7月初，北军为夺取位于宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡与南军激战，伤亡2万余人，为纪念阵亡将士，同年11月在葛底斯堡建起了国家公墓。时任总统的林肯在公墓落成典礼上的致辞简短却令人难忘。

单词注解

conceive[kənˈsi:v]v.构想出，想象

endure[inˈdjuə]v.忍耐，忍受

hallow[ˈhæləu]v.使神圣，把……视为神圣

dedicated[ˈdedikeitid]adj.专注的；献身的

诵读名句

Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.

It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.

《奥巴马就职演说：选择希望，未来就在我们手中》

Inaugural Address

Barack Obama/巴拉克·奥巴马

My fellow citizens:

I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.

Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.

So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.

That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.Our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.

These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land—a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many.They will not be met easily or in a short span of time.But know this, America—they will be met.

On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.

On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our better history;to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation:the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned.Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less.It has not been the path for the faint-hearted—for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame.Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things—some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.

For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg;Normandy and Khe Sanh.

Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions;greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.

This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth.Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began.Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year.Our capacity remains undiminished.But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions—that time has surely passed.Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.

For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act—not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth.We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together.We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost.We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories.And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age.All this we can do.And all this we will do.

Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions—who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short.For they have forgotten what this country has already done;what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them—that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works—whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified.Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward.Where the answer is no, programs will end.And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account—to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day—because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.

Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control—and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous.The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity;on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart—not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations.Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake.And so to all other people and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born:know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.

Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please.Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use;our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.

We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort—even greater cooperation and understanding between nations.We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan.With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet.We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken;you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.

For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus—and non-believers.We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth;and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass;that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve;that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself;and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace……

As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages.We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service;a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves.And yet, at this moment—a moment that will define a generation—it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.

For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours.It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.

Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new.But those values upon which our success depends—hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism—these things are old.These things are true.They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history.What is demanded then is a return to these truths.What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility—a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.

This is the price and the promise of citizenship.

This is the source of our confidence—the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.

This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed—why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.

So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river.The capital was abandoned.The enemy was advancing.The snow was stained with blood.At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:

“Let it be told to the future world……that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive……that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet[it].”

America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words.With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come.Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter;and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.

同胞们：

今天我站在这里，面对眼前的诸多困难，深感重任在肩。我感谢你们对我的信任，并铭记先辈们为了这个国家所做的献身。我感谢布什总统为国家做出的贡献，感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给予的慷慨与合作。

迄今为止，已经有44位美国总统宣誓就职。总统宣誓有时面对的是国家的和平繁荣，但通常面临的是乌云密布的紧张形势。在紧张的形势中，支持美国前进的不仅仅是领导人的能力和远见卓识，更是因为美国人民始终坚信国家先驱者的理想，并对我们的建国理念忠贞不渝。

前辈如此，我们这一代美国人也必须如此。

现在我们都深知，我们身处危机之中。我们的国家在战斗，我们面对的敌人是分布广泛的暴力和仇恨势力；我们的经济也受到严重的削弱，原因虽有一些人的贪婪和不负责任，但更为重要的是我们作为一个集体在一些重大问题上决策失误，同时也未能做好应对新时代的准备。一些人失去了家园，一些人失去了工作，很多企业纷纷倒闭。社会的医疗保险费用过度昂贵、学校教育让许多人失望，而且每天的情况都在不断显示，我们使用能源的方式助长了敌人的威风，同时也威胁着我们星球的安全。

统计数据证实，我们已身陷危机。危机难以测量，但更难以测量的是其对美国人信心的动摇——现在一种认为美国衰落不可避免、我们的下一代不得不降低对美国的期望的说法正在吞噬着人们的自信。

听我说，这些威胁并非子虚乌有，它们不仅迫在眉睫而且乱如麻。要想一挥而就解决这些问题绝非易事。我们要相信，我们一定会渡过难关。

今天，我们在这里齐聚一堂，因为我们选择希望而不是恐惧，选择齐心协力而不是冲突对立。

今天，我们宣布要为无谓的摩擦、不实的承诺和指责画上句号，我们要打破牵制美国政治发展的若干陈旧教条。

美国仍是一个年轻的国家，借用《圣经》的话说：“放弃幼稚的时代已经到来了。”重拾坚忍精神的时代已经到来，我们要为历史做出更好的选择，我们要秉承历史赋予的宝贵权利，秉承那种代代相传的高贵理念：上帝赋予我们每个人以平等和自由，以及每个人尽全力去追求幸福的机会。

在重申我们国家伟大精神的同时，我们深知伟大从来不是上天赐予的，伟大需要靠努力赢取。我们的历程从来不是走捷径或退而求其次的历程。它不是弱者的道路——它不属于好逸恶劳或只图名利享受的人；这条路属于冒险者、实干家、创造者——有些人享有盛名，但大多数是默默无闻耕耘劳作的男女志士，是他们带我们走向通往繁荣和自由的漫长崎岖之路。

为了我们，先辈们打点起贫寒的行装上路，远涉重洋，寻找新生活；为了我们，先辈们忍辱负重，用血汗浇铸工厂；为了我们，先辈们在荒芜的西部原野辛勤耕作，定居他乡；为了我们，先辈们奔赴疆场，英勇捐躯，长眠于康科德城、葛底斯堡、（第二次世界大战中的）诺曼底和（越战中的）溪山。

一次又一次，我们的先辈们战斗着、牺牲着、操劳着，只为了我们可以生活得更好。他们看到的美国超越了我们每一个人的雄心壮志，也超越了所有种族、财富或派系的差异。

今天我们继续先辈们未尽的旅程。美国依然是地球上最繁荣、最强大的国家。同危机初露端倪之时相比，美国人民的生产力依然旺盛；与上周、上个月或者去年相比，我们的头脑依然富于创造力，我们的商品和服务依然很有市场，我们的实力不曾削弱。但是，可以肯定的是，维持现状的时代、保护狭隘利益的时代以及对艰难抉择犹豫不决的时代已经过去了。从今天开始，我们必须振作起来，拍拍身上的泥土，重新开启再造美国的事业。

无论我们把目光投向何处，都有工作在等待着我们。经济状况要求我们采取大胆且快速的行动，我们即将行动起来，不仅是要创造就业，更要为（下一轮经济）增长打下新的基础。我们将造桥铺路，为企业铺设电网和数字线路，将我们联系在一起。我们将回归科学，运用科技的奇迹提高医疗保险的质量，降低医疗成本。我们将利用风能、太阳能和地能驱动车辆，为工厂提供能源。我们将改革中小学以及大专院校，以适应新时代的要求。这一切，我们都能够做到，而且我们都将会做到。

现在，有人怀疑我们的雄心壮志，他们认为我们的体制承载不了太多的宏伟计划。他们太健忘了。他们已经忘了这个国家过去所取得的成就；他们已经忘了当创造力与共同目标以及必要的勇气结合起来时，自由的人民就会爆发出无穷的创造力。

这些怀疑论者的错误在于，他们没有意识到政治现实已经发生了变化，长期以来耗掉我们太多精力的陈腐政治观点已经过时。今天，我们的问题不在于政府的大小，而在于政府能否有效运转，政府能否帮助家庭成员找到薪水合适的工作、提供给他们可以负担得起的医疗保障并让他们体面地退休。哪个方案能给予肯定的答案，我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案的答案是否定的，我们就选择终止。而掌管纳税人税金的人应当承担起责任，合理支出，摒弃陋习，磊落做事，这样才能重塑人民与政府的信任纽带。

我们面临的问题也不是市场好坏的问题。市场创造财富、拓展自由的能力无可匹敌，但是这场危机提醒我们，没有严格的监管，市场很可能就会失控——如果一个国家仅仅施惠于富裕者，其富裕便不能持久。国家经济的成败不仅仅取决于国内生产总值的大小，更取决于繁荣的覆盖面，取决于我们是否有能力让每一位愿意致富的人都有机会走向富裕。我们这样做不是慈善，而是因为这是确保实现共同利益的途径。

就共同防御而言，我们绝不接受安全与理念不可两全的荒谬论点。当年，我们的先辈们面对我们几乎无法想象的危险，起草了确保法治和人权的宪章。一代代人民的鲜血夯实了这一宪章。今天，这些理念依然照耀着世界，我们不会为一时之利而弃之。因此我想对正在观看这一仪式的其他国家的人民和政府说，不论他们现在各国伟大的首府还是在如同我父亲出生地一般的小村落，我想让他们知道：对于每个追求和平与尊严的国家和个人而言，美国是你们的朋友，我们愿意再次领导大家踏上追寻之旅。

回想起先辈们从容地面对法西斯主义的时候，他们不仅依靠手中的导弹和坦克，他们还依靠稳固的联盟和坚定的信仰。他们深知单凭自己的力量我们无法保护自己，他们也深知我们强大并不足以使我们有权利为所欲为。他们明白，正是因为谨慎使用实力，我们才日益强大；我们的安全通过我们正义的事业、榜样的力量以及谦卑和克制的品质得以保障。

我们继承了这些遗产。在这些原则的再次指引下，我们有能力应对新的威胁，我们需要付出更多的努力、进行国家间更广泛的合作以及增进国家间的理解。首先，我们将以负责任的态度，将伊拉克交还给伊拉克人民，同时巩固阿富汗来之不易的和平。对于老朋友和老对手，我们将继续努力，不遗余力，削弱核威胁，遏制全球变暖的幽灵。我们不会在价值观念上退缩，也不会动摇捍卫它的决心。对于那些企图通过恐怖主义或屠杀无辜平民达成目标的人，我们要对他们说：我们的信仰更加坚定，不可动摇，你们不可能拖垮我们，我们定将战胜你们。

因为我们知道，我们的多元化遗产是一个优势，而不是劣势。我们是一个由基督教徒和穆斯林、犹太教徒和印度教徒，以及无宗教信仰者组成的国家。我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响，我们吸取了这个星球上任何一个角落的有益成分。正是因为我们民族曾亲尝过内战和种族隔离的苦酒，并且在经历了这些黑色的篇章之后变得更加强大、更加团结，因此我们才确信一切仇恨终有一天都会成为过去，种族的划分不久就会消失，而且随着世界变得越来越小，我们共同的人性将得到彰显。在迎接新的和平时代到来的过程中，美国需要发挥自己的作用。

思索前方的路，我们无时无刻不在铭记那些远征沙漠和偏远山区的英勇美国战士，并对他们充满感激之情，他们和那些安息在阿灵顿国家公墓之下的战争英雄一样，给予我们启示。

我们向他们致敬，不仅因为他们是自由的守护者，更因为他们体现了为国服务的精神，他们愿意在比自身更伟大的事业中发现人生的意义。此时此刻，在这个要塑造一代人的时刻，我们需要的正是这样一种精神。

虽然政府能有许多作为也必须有许多作为，但最终离不开美国人民的信仰和决心，这才是我们的立国之本。于防洪堤坝决堤之时收留陌生受难者的善意，于经济不景气的时候宁愿减少自己工时也不肯看着朋友失业的无私，正是这些，支撑着我们走过黑暗的时刻。消防队员冲入满是浓烟的楼梯抢救生命的勇气，父母养育孩子的坚持，正是这些决定了我们的命运。

我们面临的挑战可能前所未闻，我们应对挑战的措施也可能前所未有，但那些长期以来指导我们成功的价值观——勤奋、诚实、勇气、公平竞争、包容以及对世界保持好奇心，还有对国家的忠诚和爱国主义——却是历久弥新。这些价值观都是千真万确的。它们是创造美国历史的无声力量。我们现在需要的就是回归这些古老的价值观。我们需要一个新的负责任的时代，一个觉醒的时代，每个国人都应意识到：我们对自己、对国家和世界负有责任。对于这些责任，我们并非勉强接受，而是心甘情愿主动承担。我们应该坚定这一认识，即没有什么比全身心投入一项艰巨的工作更能锻炼我们的性格，更能获得精神上的满足。

这是公民应尽的义务，应做出的承诺。

这就是我们自信的来源，上帝号召我们要掌握自己的命运。

这就是我们自由和信仰的意义，这也是为何不同种族、不同信仰、不同性别和年龄的人可以同聚一堂在此欢庆的原因，也是我今天能站在这里庄严宣誓的原因，而在50多年前我的父亲甚至都不能成为地方餐馆的服务生。

所以，让我们铭记自己的身份，镌刻自己的足迹。在美国诞生的时代，那最寒冷的岁月里，一群勇敢的爱国人士围着篝火在冰封的河边取暖。首都被占领，敌人在挺进，冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。在美国大革命最受质疑的时刻，我们的国父们这样说：“我们要让未来的世界知道……在深冬的严寒里，唯有希望和勇气才能让我们存活……面对共同的危险时，我们的城市和国家要勇敢地上前去面对。”

今天的美国也在严峻的寒冬中面对共同的挑战，让我们记住国父们不朽的话语。带着希望和勇气，让我们再一次勇敢地面对寒流，迎接可能会发生的风暴。我们要让我们的子孙后代记住，在面临挑战的时候，我们没有屈服，我们没有逃避也没有丝毫动摇，我们脚踏实地、心怀信仰，我们将自由一代一代，薪火相传！

实战提升

导读

2009年1月20日第56届（第44任）美国总统奥巴马发表了就职演说。奥巴马说：“美国仍然是个年轻的国家，且这个时代受到了挑战，我们必须凝聚力量，重新塑造美国。”但他并没有涉及有关经济刺激计划的更多细节。

单词注解

humble[ˈhʌmbl]adj.谦逊的；卑微的

grateful[ˈgreitful]adj.感激的，感谢的

segregation[7segriˈgeiʃən]n.隔离

embody[imˈbɔdi]v.象征，具体表现

诵读名句

Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.

Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions——who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans.

America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words.

《我有一个梦》

I Have a Dream

Martin Luther King/马丁·路德·金

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice.It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

……

And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of“interposition”and“nullification”—one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight，“and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together?”

This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.And this will be the day—this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:My country'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring!And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.

Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.

But not only that;let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:Free at last!free at last!Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!

100年前，一位伟大的美国人——今天我们就站在他的雕像下——正式签署了《解放宣言》。这项重要法令的颁布，如一座伟大的灯塔，照亮了当时挣扎于不义之火焚烧下的数百万黑奴的希望；它像欢快的破晓曙光，结束了黑人陷于囹圄的漫漫长夜。

然而，整整100年过去了，我们却仍然得面对这个悲惨的现实：黑人依然得不到自由；整整100年过去了，黑人依然被种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的锁链羁绊着，举步维艰；整整100年过去了，在物质繁荣的汪洋大海中，黑人却依然独自生存在贫穷的孤岛之上；整整100年过去了，黑人依然在美国社会的阴暗角落里向隅而泣，在自己的土地上却依然流离失所。因此，我们今天来到这里，把这种骇人听闻的情况公布于众。

……

朋友们，今天我要告诉你们，尽管此刻困难挫折重重，但我仍然有一个梦想。这个梦深深扎根于伟大的美国梦之中。

我有一个梦想：总有一天这个国家会奋然而起，实现其信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的。每个人生来就是平等的。”

我有一个梦想：总有一天在佐治亚州的红色山冈上，昔日奴隶的儿子与昔日主人的儿子能够如兄弟手足般同桌而坐。

我有一个梦想：总有一天就算是密西西比这样一个被不公正与种族压迫的热潮所统治着的荒漠之州，也能转变成一方自由和正义的绿洲。

我有一个梦想：总有一天我的4个孩子将生活在一个不以他们的肤色，而是以他们内在品质来评价他们的国度中。

今天，我有一个梦想。

我有一个梦想：总有一天亚拉巴马州——该州州长今天仍在喋喋不休地说着不同意也不执行联邦法令的话语——能有所不同，黑人的小男孩与小女孩能够和白人的小男孩与小女孩如兄弟姐妹般携手同行。

今天，我有一个梦想。

我有一个梦想：总有一天幽谷会上升，高山会下降，崎岖之地将变为坦荡的平原，曲折之路将变为笔直的大道；主的荣光将会显现，芸芸众生同声赞叹。

这是我们的渴望，也是将随我返回南方去的信念。靠着这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山开凿出希望之石。靠着这个信念，我们就能把我们国家里种族争斗的不和谐之音，转谱成一曲兄弟般友爱的动人交响曲。靠着这个信念，我们就能共同工作、共同祈盼、共同战斗、共同昂首入狱、共同维护自由。我们知道，总有一天，我们会获得自由。当这一天到来时，上帝所有的子民都能以全新的意义高唱：我的祖国，亲爱的自由之邦，我为你歌唱。这是祖先安息的故园，这是朝圣者为之自豪的土地。让自由之声在每一座山峰回响！

当美国成为真正伟大的国家时，这一切必将成真。

因此，让自由之声在新罕布什尔州的巍峨高峰回响！

让自由之声在纽约州的雄伟山脉中回响！

让自由之声在宾夕法尼亚州高耸的阿勒格尼山峰回响！

让自由之声在科罗拉多州白雪皑皑的落基山回响！

让自由之声在加利福尼亚州的柔美群峰回响！

不，不仅如此，让自由之声在佐治亚州的石山回响！

让自由之声在田纳西州的远眺山峰回响！

让自由之声在密西西比州的每一座山巅、每一座丘陵回响！

让自由之声在每一处山坡回响！

当我们让自由之声回响时，当我们让自由之声在每一个山村、每一处村寨、每一个州、每一座城回响时，我们就能让这一天早日降临。到那时，上帝所有的孩子——白人与黑人，犹太人与非犹太人，基督教徒与天主教徒——携手同唱那首古老的黑人圣歌：“终于自由了！终于自由了！感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了！”

实战提升

导读

1963年8月23日，马丁·路德·金组织了美国历史上影响深远的“自由进军”运动。他率领一支庞大的游行队伍向首都华盛顿进军，为全美国的黑人争取人权。他在林肯纪念堂前向25万人发表了著名的演说《我有一个梦》，号召大家为反对种族歧视、争取平等而努力。

单词注释

chain[tFein]n.链，链条；项圈

transform[trAns5fC:m]v.改造；改革；改善

drip[drip]v.滴下

prodigious[prE5didVEs]adj.巨大的；庞大的

mighty[5maiti]adj.强大的；强有力的

诵读名句

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”

This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.

《布什告别演说》

Farewell Address

George Walker Bush/乔治·沃克·布什

Fellow citizens:

For eight years, it has been my honor to serve as your President. The first decade of this new century has been a period of consequence—a time set apart.Tonight, with a thankful heart, I have asked for a final opportunity to share some thoughts on the journey we have traveled together and the future of our Nation.

Five days from now, the world will witness the vitality of American democracy. In a tradition dating back to our founding, the presidency will pass to a successor chosen by you, the American people.Standing on the steps of the Capitol will be a man whose story reflects the enduring promise of our land.This is a moment of hope and pride for our whole Nation.And I join all Americans in offering best wishes to President-elect Obama, his wife Michelle, and their two beautiful girls.

Tonight I am filled with gratitude—to Vice President Cheney and members of the Administration;to Laura, who brought joy to this house and love to my life;to our wonderful daughters, Barbara and Jenna;to my parents, whose examples have provided strength for a lifetime. And above all, I thank the American people for the trust you have given me.I thank you for the prayers that have lifted my spirits.And I thank you for the countless acts of courage, generosity, and grace that I have witnessed these past eight years.

This evening, my thoughts return to the first night I addressed you from this house—September 112001. That morning, terrorists took nearly 3000 lives in the worst attack on America since Pearl Harbor.I remember standing in the rubble of the World Trade Center three days later, surrounded by rescuers who had been working around the clock.I remember talking to brave souls who charged through smoke-filled corridors at the Pentagon and to husbands and wives whose loved ones became heroes aboard Flight 93.I remember Arlene Howard, who gave me her fallen son's police shield as a reminder of all that was lost.And I still carry his badge.

As the years passed, most Americans were able to return to life much as it had been before Nine-Eleven. But I never did.Every morning, I received a briefing on the threats to our Nation.And I vowed to do everything in my power to keep us safe.

Over the past seven years, a new Department of Homeland Security has been created. The military, the intelligence community, and the FBI have been transformed.Our Nation is equipped with new tools to monitor the terrorists'movements， freeze their finances, and break up their plots.And with strong allies at our side, we have taken the fight to the terrorists and those who support them.Afghanistan has gone from a nation where the Taliban harbored al Qaeda and stoned women in the streets to a young democracy that is fighting terror and encouraging girls to go to school.Iraq has gone from a brutal dictatorship and a sworn enemy of America to an Arab democracy at the heart of the Middle East and a friend of the United States.

There is legitimate debate about many of these decisions. But there can be little debate about the results.America has gone more than seven years without another terrorist attack on our soil.This is a tribute to those who toil day and night to keep us safe—law enforcement officers, intelligence analysts, homeland security and diplomatic personnel, and the men and women of the United States Armed Forces.

Our Nation is blessed to have citizens who volunteer to defend us in this time of danger. I have cherished meeting these selfless patriots and their families.America owes you a debt of gratitude.And to all our men and women in uniform listening tonight:There has been no higher honor than serving as your Commander in Chief.

The battles waged by our troops are part of a broader struggle between two dramatically different systems. Under one, a small band of fanatics demands total obedience to an oppressive ideology, condemns women to subservience, and marks unbelievers for murder.The other system is based on the conviction that freedom is the universal gift of Almighty God and that liberty and justice light the path to peace.

This is the belief that gave birth to our Nation. And in the long run, advancing this belief is the only practical way to protect our citizens.When people live in freedom, they do not willingly choose leaders who pursue campaigns of terror.When people have hope in the future, they will not cede their lives to violence and extremism.So around the world, America is promoting human liberty, human rights, and human dignity.We are standing with dissidents and young democracies, providing AIDS medicine to bring dying patients back to life, and sparing mothers and babies from malaria.And this great republic born alone in liberty is leading the world toward a new age when freedom belongs to all nations.

For eight years, we have also strived to expand opportunity and hope here at home. Across our country, students are rising to meet higher standards in public schools.A new Medicare prescription drug benefit is bringing peace of mind to seniors and the disabled.Every taxpayer pays lower income taxes.The addicted and suffering are finding new hope through faith-based programs.Vulnerable human life is better protected.Funding for our veterans has nearly doubled.America's air, water, and lands are measurably cleaner.

When challenges to our prosperity emerged, we rose to meet them. Facing the prospect of a financial collapse, we took decisive measures to safeguard our economy.These are very tough times for hardworking families, but the toll would be far worse if we had not acted.All Americans are in this together.And together, with determination and hard work, we will restore our economy to the path of growth.We will show the world once again the resilience of America's free enterprise system.

Like all who have held this office before me, I have experienced setbacks. There are things I would do differently if given the chance.Yet I have always acted with the best interests of our country in mind.I have followed my conscience and done what I thought was right.You may not agree with some tough decisions I have made.But I hope you can agree that I was willing to make the tough decisions.

The decades ahead will bring more hard choices for our country, and there are some guiding principles that should shape our course.

While our Nation is safer than it was seven years ago, the gravest threat to our people remains another terrorist attack. Our enemies are patient and determined to strike again.America did nothing to seek or deserve this conflict.But we have been given solemn responsibilities, and we must meet them.We must resist complacency.We must keep our resolve.And we must never let down our guard.

At the same time, we must continue to engage the world with confidence and clear purpose. In the face of threats from abroad, it can be tempting to seek comfort by turning inward.But we must reject isolationism and its companion, protectionism.Retreating behind our borders would only invite danger.In the 21st century, security and prosperity at home depend on the expansion of liberty abroad.If America does not lead the cause of freedom, that cause will not be led.

As we address these challenges—and others we cannot foresee tonight—America must maintain our moral clarity. I have often spoken to you about good and evil.This has made some uncomfortable.But good and evil are present in this world, and between the two there can be no compromise.Murdering the innocent to advance an ideology is wrong every time, everywhere.Freeing people from oppression and despair is eternally right.This Nation must continue to speak out for justice and truth.We must always be willing to act in their defense and to advance the cause of peace.

President Thomas Jefferson once wrote，“I like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past.”As I leave the house he occupied two centuries ago, I share that optimism. America is a young country, full of vitality, constantly growing and renewing itself.And even in the toughest times, we lift our eyes to the broad horizon ahead.

I have confidence in the promise of America because I know the character of our people. This is a Nation that inspires immigrants to risk everything for the dream of freedom.This is a Nation where citizens show calm in times of danger and compassion in the face of suffering.We see examples of America's character all around us.And Laura and I have invited some of them to join us in the White House this evening.

We see America's character in Dr. Tony Recasner, a principal who opened a new charter school from the ruins of Hurricane Katrina.We see it in Julio Medina, a former inmate who leads a faith-based program to help prisoners returning to society.We see it in Staff Sergeant Aubrey McDade, who charged into an ambush in Iraq and rescued three of his fellow Marines.

We see America's character in Bill Krissoff, a surgeon from California. His son Nathan, a Marine, gave his life in Iraq.When I met Dr.Krissoff and his family, he delivered some surprising news:He told me he wanted to join the Navy Medical Corps in honor of his son.This good man was 60 years old—18 years above the age limit.But his petition for a waiver was granted, and for the past year he has trained in battlefield medicine.Lieutenant Commander Krissoff could not be here tonight, because he will soon deploy to Iraq, where he will help save America's wounded warriors and uphold the legacy of his fallen son.

In citizens like these, we see the best of our country—resilient and hopeful, caring and strong. These virtues give me an unshakable faith in America.We have faced danger and trial, and there is more ahead.But with the courage of our people and confidence in our ideals, this great Nation will never tire……never falter……and never fail.

It has been the privilege of a lifetime to serve as your President. There have been good days and tough days.But every day I have been inspired by the greatness of our country and uplifted by the goodness of our people.I have been blessed to represent this Nation we love.And I will always be honored to carry a title that means more to me than any other:citizen of the United States of America.

And so, my fellow Americans, for the final time:Good night. May God bless this house and our next President.And may God bless you and our wonderful country.

各位同胞：

过去的8年，我很荣幸地成为你们的总统。这个世纪的头10年是一个非常重要的时期。今晚，带着一颗感恩的心，我将利用这最后的机会和你们一起分享我的一些看法，回顾过去一起走过的时光以及我对国家未来的展望。

再过5天，世界将见证充满活力的美国民主政治。根据我们建国时创立的传统，总统职位将交给你们——美国人民选举出来的继任者。届时站在国会台阶上的那个人，他的经历将折射出我们这个国家长久以来的承诺。对于我们整个国家来说，这是一个充满希望和自豪的时刻。我将和其他所有美国人民一起，向当选总统奥巴马、他的妻子米歇尔以及他们两个漂亮的女儿送去最美好的祝愿。

今晚，我满怀感激之情，感谢我的副总统切尼以及白宫的每一位工作人员；我还要感谢我的妻子劳拉和我的女儿芭芭拉和詹娜，是她们给我的生活带来了无尽的快乐和爱意；我要感谢我的父母，他们给了我前进的动力。最重要的是，我要感谢所有美国人民给予我的信任。谢谢你们的祈祷让我斗志昂扬。在过去的8年里，你们给了我无穷的勇气和极大的宽容，我对此表示深深的感谢。

今晚，我的思绪回到了2001年9月11日，那是我第一次在这里发表晚间演说。那天上午，恐怖分子对美国发动了自珍珠港事件以来最为严重的恐怖袭击，造成约3000人死亡。我记得自己3天后站在世贸大楼的废墟前的情景。我周围是那些夜以继日抢救伤者的救援人员。我记得我同那些穿过五角大楼浓烟密布的走廊进行救援的勇士交谈，同93号航班的英雄们的爱人对话。我记得阿勒内·霍华德，她当时把她死去儿子的警徽交给了我，以表达对逝者的思念之情。直到现在，我仍然珍藏着他的徽章。

随着时光流逝，绝大多数美国人都已从悲痛中走了出来，恢复了“9·11”之前的生活。然而，我还没有解脱。每天早上，我都会收到一份关于国家安全威胁的简报，那时我发誓要尽最大的努力来保证我们的安全。

在过去的7年中，我们成立了新的国土安全部。我们的军队、军事情报部门，以及FBI都进行了改革。为了监视恐怖分子的行动，我们已经做了充分的准备，我们冻结了恐怖分子的账户，并屡屡粉碎了他们的阴谋。我们与强大的同盟国一道共同打击恐怖分子以及那些支持恐怖分子的人。在我们的帮助下，阿富汗已经由恐怖主义的天堂转变成了一个逐步成熟的民主国家，那里的人们正和恐怖主义做斗争。此外，女孩子上学也得到了应有的尊重。伊拉克也已经摆脱了萨达姆的残酷统治，不再与美国为敌，成为中东心脏地带的民主国家，美国的朋友。

针对这些决策，存在着一些合理的争论，但对于这些结果却没有任何争议。在过去的7年多时间里，美国本土再也没有遭受过恐怖袭击，这要归功于那些日夜辛劳保卫我们安全的人：执法人员、情报分析人员、国土安全人员和外交官员，以及美军的士兵们。

承蒙上帝恩典，美国拥有这些愿意在国家危难之际挺身而出的人。我非常珍视与这些无私的爱国者以及他们家人进行的会面，美国人民感谢你们。对于那些今晚正在聆听这次演讲的美军士兵，我想说的是：这个世界上再也没有比成为你们的总司令更让人感到荣幸的事了。

美军正在进行的战争，广义上来看其实是两种不同体系之间的战争。一种是一小撮狂热分子要求人们完全臣服于受压迫的意识形态，他们迫害妇女并且杀害那些和他信仰不一样的人。另外一种体系则建立在普世的民主基础上，自由和正义是通往和平的道路。

美国，正是基于这样的信念诞生的。从长远来看，倡导这种信念是保卫我们国民的唯一切实有效的方法。当人们生活在民主政治中时，他们就不愿再去选择那些追随恐怖势力的领导者。当人们对未来充满希望时，他们就不会选择放弃生命来发动暴力袭击。因此，美国一直在全世界倡导自由、人权和尊严。我们向那些新兴的民主政体提供支持，向艾滋病人提供药物，让垂死的病人起死回生，让母亲和婴儿免受疟疾的困扰。自由是美国成立的唯一基石，并领导世界向一个自由普照全球的时代发展。

过去8年里，我们也努力增加美国人民所拥有的机会和希望。在美国，学生们现在可以在公立学校接受条件更好的教育；新的医疗福利政策让老人和残疾人更加安心；每一位纳税人的个人所得税降低了；通过信心重建计划，那些吸毒者也找到了新的希望；人们脆弱的生命得到了更好的保护；对于退伍老兵的补助几乎增加了一倍；美国的空气、水源以及土地比以前更加清洁了。

当繁荣遇到挑战时，我们勇敢地面对。当金融危机发生时，我们采取了果断的措施来保护我们的经济。对于那些辛勤工作的家庭来说，这是一个非常艰难的时期，但是如果我们不采取行动的话，后果会更严重。所有的美国人都受到了影响。团结一心的美国人将通过坚定的信心和辛勤的工作将我们的经济重新拉回增长的车道上。我们将向世界再次展示美国自由企业制度的复兴。

和所有前任一样，我也经历过挫折，如果可能的话，我会采取不一样的方式来应对这些挫折。不过，我总是以国家利益最大化为出发点。我对得起自己的良心，采取了我认为是正确的措施。你们可能不同意我所做出的一些艰难决定。但是我希望，你们能认为，我是一位愿意做出艰难决定的总统。

我们的国家在未来将面临更多的艰难选择，必须用一些指导性原则来指引我们的路线。

虽然我们的国家现在比7年前更为安全，但目前美国最严峻的威胁仍然是恐怖袭击。我们的敌人很有耐心，并且决意要再次发动袭击。美国没有试图挑起冲突或者做过任何导致冲突的错事。但我们肩负着庄严的责任，必须同恐怖主义做斗争。我们不能骄傲自满，要坚定决心，绝不能放松警惕。

与此同时，我们必须抱有信心和明确的目的参与世界事务。面对来自海外的威胁，在国内寻求安慰是一种诱人的举措。但是我们必须抵制孤立主义和保护主义，退缩只会招来危险。在21世纪，国内的安全和繁荣需要依靠国外自由的扩展。如果美国不领导自由事业，那么自由事业将无所适从。

在我们应对这些挑战时，我们今晚还无法预测其他的挑战，美国必须保持道德上的纯洁。我们经常谈及善恶问题，这可能令一些人颇感不适，但是目前这个世界确实存在着正义和邪恶，两者之间无法达成妥协。无论何时何地，杀害无辜者来推动一种意识形态都是错误的，把人们从压迫和绝望中解放出来永远是正确的。美国必须坚持为正义和真理而呼喊。我们必须保护正义和真理，并且推进和平事业的发展。

托马斯·杰斐逊总统曾写道：“相对于过去的历史，我更喜欢未来的梦想。”在我即将离开他两个世纪前所居住过的白宫时，我也持这种乐观的态度。美国是一个年轻的国家，充满了活力，在不断地发展与更新。即便是在最艰难的时候，美国仍然没有放弃对未来的梦想。

我对美国的未来充满信心，因为我了解我们民族的特质，这是一个鼓励移民为自由的梦想而去尝试一切事情的国家，这是一个面对危险仍能保持镇定的国家，这是一个面对苦难仍抱有同情心的国家。在身边的每一个人身上，我们都能看到美国的特征。劳拉和我已经邀请了其中的一些人今晚到白宫来参加这个聚会。

我们可以在托尼·里卡斯尼尔的身上看到美国的特质，这位校长在卡特里娜飓风的废墟上重建了他的学校。我们可以在胡利奥·梅迪纳身上看到这种特质，这位曾经的犯人领导着一个基于信仰的项目，帮助囚犯们重返社会。我们也可以在奥布里·麦克达德参谋军士身上看到这种特质，他在伊拉克时，冲入包围圈并成功营救出了三名海军陆战队队员。

我们在加州医生比尔·克里索夫身上看到了美国的这种特质，他的儿子纳塔恩，作为一名海军陆战队队员，在伊拉克献出了自己的生命。当我遇到克里索夫和他的家人时，他告诉我一个令我意想不到的消息：为了缅怀儿子，他想加入海军医疗团。这位好人已60岁，超过规定年龄的上限18年，但他的申请得到了批准。在过去的一年中，克里索夫得到了很好的锻炼，可惜已荣升少校的他今晚不能来到这里，因为他很快就会前往伊拉克，在那里他可以救助我们受伤的勇士，并继续他儿子未完成的事业。

我们在这些公民身上看到了我们国家最优良的品质：坚忍且充满希望，有爱心且坚强。这些品质使我对美国有不可动摇的信心。我们曾面临危险和考验，未来还会有更多的危险和考验。然而，依靠你们的勇气和信心，伟大的美国永远会坚如磐石，永远不会走向没落。

对我来说，能够担任你们的总统是我一生的荣耀。任期内，我有过欢乐也有过困苦。但我每天都被我们国家的伟大所鼓舞，为我们人民的善良所振奋。我对自己有机会代表我们所热爱的国家感到幸福，并且我也一直在为我们的国家祈祷。在以后的时光里，我会永远珍视这样的身份：美利坚合众国的公民。

所以，我亲爱的美国同胞，让我最后一次对你们说：晚安。愿上帝保佑白宫和我们的下一任总统。愿上帝保佑你们和我们这个美好的国家。

实战提升

导读

2009年1月15日晚8时（北京时间16日上午9时），美国总统布什发表电视告别演说，正式向美国国民道别。这位在任期内备受争议及批评的美国总统在告别演说中，表示在国内外政策上取得了一系列成功，同时也向国民承认了一些错误。布什称自己的总统任期为“在危机中取得重大成就”的时期。

单词注释

debate[di5beit]n.辩论，讨论

extremism[ik5stri:mizEm]n.极端性；极端主义

protected[prE5tektid]adj.受（法律）保护的

inspire[in5spaiE]v.鼓舞，激励

tough[tQf]adj.坚韧的，牢固的，折不断的；困难的，费力的

诵读名句

As the years passed, most Americans were able to return to life much as it had been before Nine-Eleven. But I never did.

I have cherished meeting these selfless patriots and their families.

In the face of threats from abroad, it can be tempting to seek comfort by turning inward.

《温家宝在剑桥大学的演讲：用发展的眼光看中国》

See China in the Light of Her Development

Wen Jiabao/温家宝

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen:

It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit. Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.

This is my fourth visit to your country. Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership. Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.

The title of my speech today is“See China in the Light of Her Development.”

My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.

She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years. With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.

She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago. The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.

The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's minds and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation. Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.

The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces. It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.

Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and society. All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.

I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China，“From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.”The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country. This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.

Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years. There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down into the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the“hero tree”，because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like the euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.

Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today. The longsufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth:what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.

I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May. That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning“A country will emerge stronger from adversities.”I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.

With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress. Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition:a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.

To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks:first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities. The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.

The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound. Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.

The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious. This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.

In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30 countries. He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.

The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China. Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.

Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture. Today，300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others'experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.

In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together. Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others'successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.

……

Ladies and Gentlemen，

Britain is the last leg of my European trip. I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.

The future belongs to the younger generation. It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contributions to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.

Thank you!

尊敬的理查德校长，女士们，先生们：

来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步做出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校800周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！

这是我第四次访问英国。中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。在此，我向长期致力于中英友好的朋友们表示崇高的敬意！

今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。

我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。

说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展做出过重大贡献。

说她年轻，新中国成立才60年，改革开放才30年。中国人民经过长期不懈的斗争建立了新中国，又经过艰苦的探索，终于找到了适合国情的发展道路——中国特色社会主义道路，文明古国焕发了青春活力。

中国改革开放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有长远意义的是体制创新。我们推行经济体制改革，建立了社会主义市场经济体制。在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用。我们深化政治体制改革，把发展民主和完善法制结合起来，实行人民当家做主，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。

改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下让每个人享有平等机会的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

30年来，中国贫困人口减少了2亿多，人均寿命提高了5岁，8300万残疾人得到了政府和社会的特殊关爱，这是中国保障人权的光辉业绩。九年免费义务教育的推行，农村合作医疗制度的建立，社会保障体系的完善，使学有所教、病有所医、老有所养的理想正在变为现实。

我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。”中国人正在努力实现现代化，这是一个古而又新的发展中大国进行的一场伟大实践。掌握了自己命运的中国人民，对未来充满信心！

我深深爱着的祖国——历尽磨难而又自强不息。

我年轻时曾长期工作在中国的西北地区。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生长着一种稀有的树种，叫胡杨。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗风沙、耐盐碱，生命力极其顽强。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人称为英雄树。我非常喜欢胡杨，它是中华民族坚韧不拔精神的象征。

千百年来，中华民族一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了急流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的灾难，铸就了她百折不挠、自强不息的品格。中华民族的历史证明了一个真理：一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。

此时此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震灾区的亲身经历。去年5月，四川汶川发生了震惊世界的特大地震，北川中学被夷为平地，孩子们伤亡惨重。可是，时隔10天，当我第二次来到这里时，乡亲们已在废墟上搭起了板房教室，校园里又回荡着孩子们琅琅的读书声。当时我在黑板上，给同学们写下了“多难兴邦”几个字。地震发生以来，我七次到汶川灾区，碰到这样感人的事迹不胜枚举。我为我们中华民族这种愈挫愈奋的精神深深感动。这种伟大的精神，正是我们的民族饱经忧患而愈益坚强、生生不息的力量源泉。

经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，仅为英国的1/16左右。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代化的，而我们的农村还比较落后。

到本世纪中叶，中国要基本实现现代化，面临三大历史任务：既要努力实现欧洲早已完成的工业化，又要追赶新科技革命的浪潮；既要不断提高经济发展水平，又要实现社会公平正义；既要实现国内的可持续发展，又要承担相应的国际责任。中国要赶上发达国家水平，还有很长很长的路要走，还会遇到许多艰难险阻。但是，任何困难都阻挡不住中国人民前进的步伐，只要我们坚持不懈地努力奋斗，中国现代化的目标就一定能够实现。

我深深爱着的祖国——珍视传统而又开放兼容。

中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典——《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。

“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。

15世纪，中国著名航海家郑和七下西洋，到过三十几个国家。他带去了中国的茶叶、丝绸、瓷器，还帮助沿途一些国家剿灭海盗，真正做到了播仁爱于友邦。

国强必霸，不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民的意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国、学习的大国、合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。

不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有3亿人在学英语，有100多万青年在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。

进入21世纪，经济全球化、信息网络化，已经把世界连成一体，文化的发展将不再是各自封闭的，而是在相互影响中多元共存。一个国家、一个民族对人类文化贡献的大小，越来越取决于她吸收外来文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中国将永远坚持开放兼容的方针，既珍视传统，又博采众长，用文明的方式、和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。

……

女士们，先生们！

英国是我这次欧洲之行的最后一站。这次访问，加深了我对欧洲的了解。中欧合作已经站在一个新的历史起点上。我对中欧发展全面战略伙伴关系更加充满信心。我们之间不存在历史遗留问题，也不存在根本利害冲突。中欧合作基础坚实，前景光明。英国是最早进入现代化的国家，你们在发展经济、保护环境等方面，都有许多成功的经验。我们愿意向你们学习，加强交流与合作。

未来属于青年一代。中英关系的美好前景要靠青年去开拓。抚今追昔，我想起对中英文化交流做出重要贡献的剑桥校友李约瑟博士。他的鸿篇巨著《中国科学技术史》，在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁。继承传统、勇于创新，是剑桥大学的优秀品格。希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，一定会谱写出中英关系的崭新篇章。

谢谢大家！

实战提升

导读

2009年1月27日，时任中国国务院总理温家宝赴瑞士、德国、西班牙、英国和欧盟总部进行正式访问，并出席在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛2009年年会。2月2日下午，即将结束访英和访欧行程的中国总理温家宝踏雪到访剑桥大学，并发表了深情演讲，在向学生简要介绍中国改革开放的同时，敦促大家“用发展的眼光看中国”。

单词注解

fruitful[ˈfru:tfəl]adj.富有成效的；收益好的

diligence[ˈdilidʒəns]n.勤勉，勤奋

quote[kwəut]v.引用；引述

claim[kleim]n.主张，断言，声称

nurture[ˈnə:tʃə]n.养育，教养，培育

absorb[əbˈsɔ:b]v.汲取，理解

诵读名句

With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.

The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.

In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together. Different cultures live together and influence each other.

《约翰·布朗：被判处绞刑时发表的讲话》

On Being Sentenced to Be Hanged

John Browne/约翰·布朗

I have, may it please the court, a few words to say. In the first place, I deny everything but what I have all along admitted—the design on my part to free the slaves.I intended certainly to have made a clean thing of that matter, as I did last winter when I went into Missouri and there took slaves without the snapping of a gun on either side, moved them through the country, and finally left them in Canada.I designed to have done the same thing again on a larger scale.That was all I intended.I never did intend murder, or treason, or the destruction of property, or to excite or incite slaves to rebellion, or to make insurrection.

I have another objection;and that is, it is unjust that I should suffer such a penalty. Had I interfered in the manner which I admit, and which I admit has been fairly proved（for I admire the truthfulness and candor of the greater portion of the witnesses who have testified in this case）—had I so interfered in behalf of the rich, the powerful, the intelligent, the so-called great, or in behalf of any of their friends—either father, mother, brother, sister, wife or children, or any of that class—and suffered, and sacrificed what I have in this interference, it would have been all right;and every man in this court would have deemed it an act worthy of reward rather than punishment.

This court acknowledges, as I suppose, the validity of the law of God, I see a book kissed, which I suppose to be the Bible, or at least the New Testament. That teaches me that all things whatsoever I would that men should do to me I should do even so to them.It teaches me, further, to“remember them that are in bonds as bound with them.”I endeavored to act up to that instruction.I say I am yet too young to understand that God is any respecter of persons.I believe that to have interfered as I have done—as I have always freely admitted I have done—in behalf of his despised poor was not wrong, but right.Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments—I submit:so let it be done!

在法庭上，我只想讲几句话。首先，除了我一直承认的有计划地解放黑奴之外，我否认其他一切指控。我确实有意要帮助奴隶获得自由，去年冬天我就到过密苏里州接运黑奴，双方未发一枪就将黑奴成功运出，送至加拿大。我打算要扩大这种行动的规模。这就是我想做的一切。我从未图谋杀人、叛国、毁坏私有财产，或鼓励、煽动奴隶谋反作乱。

我还要提出一项异议，那就是：这么惩罚我是不公平的。我在法庭上所承认的我的所作所为已经得到了充分的证明（对于大部分证人所做的真实公正的发言我感到钦佩）。但是，假如我的所为侵犯那些有钱有势的人、有知识的人或那些所谓大人物的利益；或是他们的朋友、父母、兄弟、姐妹、妻子、儿女或他们所属阶级任何人的利益，并因此让他们遭到我现在所受的痛苦和牺牲，那也没什么。这法庭上的每个人都会认为我的行为不但不应受罚，反而值得奖赏。

我想，这个法庭也承认上帝的法律，我看到开庭时你们亲吻一本书，那大概是《圣经》吧，至少是《新约全书》。这本书教导我无论何事，你们愿意人怎样待你们，你们就要怎样待人，还教导我“要像自己也被囚禁那样，不忘身陷囹圄的人们”。我曾努力实践这一训条。我要说我还太年轻，不知道上帝也会待人不公。我总是坦率地承认自己所做的事情，承认我为那些被上帝遗弃的穷苦子民所做的事情：我并没有做错，相反，完全正确。现在，如果为了伸张正义，我必须献出生命，必须在这个被邪恶、残暴与不义的法制剥夺了一切权利的蓄奴国家里，把我的鲜血和我的几个孩子的鲜血以及千千万万人的鲜血流淌在一起，那就请便吧！

实战提升

导读

1859年，为了唤起各蓄奴州的奴隶起义，在10月16日夜晚，59岁的布朗率领着由22个白人和黑人组成的队伍，进攻弗吉尼亚州的哈帕尔斯渡口，迅速占领了政府的军火库。次日黎明，惊慌的种植场奴隶主赶快集合了队伍，包围了军火库。双方展开了激烈的战斗，经过两昼夜的血战，起义者大部分牺牲，布朗的两个儿子也战死在他身旁。最后只剩下4个人，但仍继续战斗，直到弹尽粮绝，才负伤被俘。同年12月，布朗被判处死刑，在就义前，他写下遗书：“我，约翰·布朗，现在坚信只有用鲜血才能洗清这个有罪国土的罪恶。过去我自以为——正如我现在也痴心妄想的一样——也许不用流很多的血就可以洗清他的罪恶。”约翰·布朗为黑奴自由解放英勇斗争的故事，促进了美国废奴力量的团结，把全国的废奴运动推向了一个新的高潮。

单词注解

incite[inˈsait]v.激励；激起

interfere[ˌintəˈfiə]v.妨碍；冲突；抵触

endeavor[inˈdevə]v.努力，力图

justice[ˈdʒʌstis]n.正义；公平

诵读名句

In the first place, I deny everything but what I have all along admitted—the design on my part to free the slaves.

I have another objection;and that is, it is unjust that I should suffer such a penalty.

I endeavored to act up to that instruction.

《罗纳德·威尔逊·里根：拆掉这堵墙吧》

Tear Down This Wall

Ronald Wilson Reagan/罗纳德·威尔逊·里根

After these four decades, then, there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion:Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace.Freedom is the victor.

And now the Soviets themselves may, in a limited way, be coming to understand the importance of freedom. We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness.Some political prisoners have been released.Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed.Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control.

Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state?Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West, or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it?We welcome change and openness;for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace. There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace.

General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization:Come here to this gate!Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate!Mr.Gorbachev, tear down this wall!

I understand the fear of war and the pain of division that afflict this continent—and I pledge to you my country's efforts to help overcome these burdens. To be sure, we in the West must resist Soviet expansion.So we must maintain defenses of unassailable strength.Yet we seek peace, so we must strive to reduce arms on both sides.

……

Today thus represents a moment of hope. We in the West stand ready to cooperate with the East to promote true openness, to break down barriers that separate people, to create a safe, freer world.And surely there is no better place than Berlin, the meeting place of East and West, to make a start.

Free people of Berlin:Today, as in the past, the United States stands for the strict observance and full implementation of all parts of the Four Power Agreement of 1971. Let us use this occasion, the 750th anniversary of this city, to usher in a new era, to seek a still fuller, richer life for the Berlin of the future.Together, let us maintain and develop the ties between the Federal Republic and the Western sectors of Berlin, which is permitted by the 1971 agreement.

And I invite Mr Gorbachev:Let us work to bring the Eastern and Western parts of the city closer together, so that all the inhabitants of all Berlin can enjoy the benefits that come with life in one of the great cities of the world.

To open Berlin still further to all Europe, East and West, let us expand the vital air access to this city, finding ways of making commercial air service to Berlin more convenient, more comfortable, and more economical. We look to the day when West Berlin can become one of the chief aviation hubs in all central Europe.

With our French and British partners, the United States is prepared to help bring international meetings to Berlin. It would be only fitting for Berlin to serve as the site of United Nations meetings, or world conferences on human rights and arms control or other issues that call for international cooperation.

There is no better way to establish hope for the future than to enlighten young minds, and we would be honored to sponsor summer youth exchanges, cultural events, and other programs for young Berhners from the East. Our French and British friends, I'm certain, will do the same.And it's my hope that an authority can be found in East Berlin to sponsor visits from young people of the Western sectors.

One final proposal, one close to my heart:Sport represents a source of enjoyment and ennoblement, and you may have noted that the Republic of Korea—South Korea has offered to permit certain events of the 1988 Olympics to take place in the North. International sports competitions of all kinds could take place in both parts of this city.And what better way to demonstrate to the world the openness of this city than to offer in some future year to hold the Olympic Games here in Berlin, East and West?In these four decades, as I have said, you Berliners have built a great city.Today the city thrives in spite of the challenges implicit in the very presence of this wall.What keeps you here?Certainly there's a great deal to be said for your fortitude, for your defiant courage.But I believe there's something deeper, something that involves Berlin's whole look and feel and way of life—not mere sentiment.No one could live long in Berlin without being completely disabused of illusions.Something instead, that has seen the difficulties of life in Berlin but chose to accept them, that continues to build this good and proud city.Something that speaks with a powerful voice of affirmation, that says yes to this city, yes to the future, yes to freedom.In a word, I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin is love—love both profound and abiding.

Years ago, before the East Germans began rebuilding their churches, they erected a secular structure:the television tower at Alexander Platz. Virtually ever since, the authorities have been working to correct what they view as the tower's one major flaw, treating the glass sphere at the top with paints and chemicals of every kind.Yet even today when the sun strikes that sphere—that sphere that towers over all Berlin—the light makes the sign of the cross.There in Berlin, like the city itself, symbols of love, symbols of worship, cannot be suppressed.

As I looked out a moment ago from the Reichstag, that embodiment of German unity, I noticed words crudely spray-painted upon the wall, perhaps by a young Berliner:“This wall will fall. Beliefs become reality.”Yes, across Europe, this wall will fall.For it cannot withstand faith;it cannot withstand truth.The wall cannot withstand freedom.

And I would like, before I close, to say one word. I have read, and I have been questioned since I've been here about certain demonstrations against my coming.And I would like to say just one thing, and to those who demonstrate so.I wonder if they have ever asked themselves that if they should have the kind of government they apparently seek, no one would ever be able to do what they're doing again.

……

40年后的今天，整个世界将面对一个伟大和无法逃避的结论：自由导致繁荣，自由使得各个国家用礼让和宽容来代替古老的憎恨。自由是胜利者！

现在苏联可能以有限的方式，渐渐明白了自由的重要性。我们经常从莫斯科听到一些关于改革和开放的新政策颁布，一些政治犯被释放，某些外国新闻广播不再被封锁，一些经济企业已经开始拥有更多的自主权。

这些是苏联社会中一些深刻变化的开端吗？或者这些仅仅是用来迷惑西方的假象，使西方国家对苏联产生希望，或者是在不改国易帜的前提下加强苏联体系的实力？我们欢迎变化和开放，因为我们相信自由和安全总是相伴而行，人类自由的进步只会加强世界和平事业的发展。所以，苏联能够做的，不被人误解而且还能够显著加快自由与和平事业步伐的事只有一件。

戈尔巴乔夫总书记，如果你真的要寻找和平，真的愿为苏联和东欧寻找繁荣，真的想寻找自由，那么就请来到这扇门前吧！戈尔巴乔夫先生，打开这扇门吧！戈尔巴乔夫先生，拆掉这堵墙吧！

我理解战争的恐惧和折磨这个大陆的分割的痛苦，我向你们保证我的国家会帮助你们承担这些重荷。当然，我们西方自由世界必须抵抗苏联的扩张，因此我们必须保持强大的防御力量。然而我们从来都在寻找和平，因此我们必须努力减少双方的军备竞赛。

……

今天，象征着一个希望的时刻：我们西方准备好与东方合作，推进真正的开放，消除分裂人们的障碍，建立一个安全的、更加自由的世界。当然，没有任何一个地方比柏林更适合作为东西方开始接洽和会晤的地方了。

柏林的自由人民们，美国今天会像过去一样，坚定地捍卫和施行1971年“四国协议”的各项规定。让我们借此机会，借本市750周年纪念日的契机，迎接一个新的时代，为将来的柏林寻找一种更加充实、更加富有的生活。让我们遵循1971年的协定，共同维系和发展民主德国和柏林西部的联系。

我邀请戈尔巴乔夫先生：让我们一起努力加强这座城市东、西部的联系，让所有柏林人民能够享受来自于世界上一个伟大城市的福利。

对欧洲、东方和西方，更加广泛地开放柏林，让我们把主要的航空线路都延伸到这里，寻找一切方法使到柏林来的商务航空路线变得更加便捷、舒适和经济。我们期待着有一天，西柏林能够成为中欧重要的航空枢纽之一。

美国与我们的伙伴——法国和英国，准备在柏林召开一些国际会议。只有柏林才最适合作为联合国会议的承办地，或者一些有关人权和军事控制或者其他需要国际合作的议题的世界性会议的召开地。

培养年轻人是建立未来希望的最好方法，我们将非常荣幸地赞助夏季青年交换项目、文化盛事和其他一些为东柏林地区年轻人服务的活动。我们的朋友们，无论是法国的还是英国的，我相信，他们也会乐于做同样的事情。我希望在东柏林能建立一个权威机构来赞助西部地区年轻人的访问活动。

最后一个建议，也是我最真心的建议：运动是娱乐和高尚品质的来源。你们应该已经注意到韩国已经允许1988年奥运会的一些赛事在北方举行。各种各样的国际体育赛事都能够在这个城市的两边进行。如果将来的某一天能在柏林的东西部共同举办奥运会，向世界展示这个城市的真诚，还有比这更好的办法吗？正如我所说的，在这40年里，柏林人民已经建起了一座伟大的城市。尽管这座墙的存在构成了隐形的威胁，但是今天这座城市依然繁荣。是什么让你们身处此地？当然你们的勇气和大无畏的精神是值得赞扬的，但是我相信还有更深层次的，围绕着柏林的整体面貌、精神和生活方式——不仅仅是情感。如果不能够完全矫正幻想，那么没有人能够在柏林常住。相反，有某种力量见证了柏林所遭受的苦难生活，但依然选择接受他们，这种力量继续建设这座美好且令人骄傲的城市。这种力量以坚定有力的声音诉说，这个城市是可以肯定的，将来是可以肯定的，自由是可以肯定的。总之，我要说让你们离不开柏林的是爱——深沉的爱，永恒的爱。

多年以前，在东德人开始重建教堂之前，他们建立了一个世俗的建筑：在亚历山大广场上建起了电视塔。事实上从那以后，政府当局一直在努力纠正他们心中电视塔的一个主要缺点，用各种油漆和化学物质处理顶端的玻璃球。但是直到今天，当太阳照到这个球的时候——这个球体位于整个柏林的上空——阳光总会留下经过的痕迹。在柏林，像这个城市一样，爱的象征，崇拜的象征是不能被压制的。

在我刚才看Reichstag——德国统一的化身的时候，我注意到粗糙地喷画在墙上的文字，可能是一个年轻的柏林人写的，“这座墙会倒掉的。信仰会成真的。”是的，整个欧洲都相信，这堵墙会倒掉的。因为它经不起信仰的考验，它经不起真理的拷问。这堵墙抵不住自由的呼唤。

在结束之前，我想说一句话。自从我来到这里，我读到过一些反对我来这里的文字，也被质问过。对那些人我只想说一件事，我想知道他们是否扪心自问过，是否应该拥有他们一心追寻的那种政府，如果问过的话，就没有人再这么做了。

实战提升

导读

随着苏联和西方国家紧张局势的加剧，不同地区间的通道逐渐缩小。1961年，东西柏林的边界变成了一堵砖墙，柏林墙把千千万万的德国家庭分隔开来，许多居住在东部的德国人无法再去西部上班，许多交通工具无法再在那里行驶。多年来，很多东德人试图逃到西边去。柏林墙建成后，西柏林变成了一片孤独的、被敌视和被包围的土地。到了20世纪80年代，柏林墙已经成为冷战的最持久象征。1987年6月12日清晨，美国总统里根抵达柏林，此时这座城市正在庆贺其750岁诞辰。在将东西柏林割裂20余年的分界线——勃兰登堡门的柏林墙前，里根发表了这个著名的演说。

单词注解

profound[prEˈfaund]adj.深度的；深刻的

resist[riˈzist]v.抵抗，反抗；抗拒

promote[prEˈməut]v.促进；发扬；引起

release[riˈli:s]v.释放，解放

withstand[wiðˈstænd]v.抵挡，反抗；禁得起

诵读名句

Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace.Freedom is the victor.

In a word, I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin is love—love both profound and abiding.

And I would like to say just one thing, and to those who demonstrate so.

《希拉里退选演说》

Hillary Clinton Endorsement Speech

Hillary Clinton/希拉里·克林顿

Thank you so much. Thank you all.

Well, this isn't exactly the party I'd planned, but I sure like the company.

I want to start today by saying how grateful I am to all of you—to everyone who poured your hearts and your hopes into this campaign, who drove for miles and lined the streets waving homemade signs, who scrimped and saved to raise money, who knocked on doors and made calls, who talked and sometimes argued with your friends and neighbors, who e-mailed and contributed online, who invested so much in our common enterprise. To the moms and dads who came to our events, who lifted their little girls and little boys on their shoulders and whispered in their ears，“See, you can be anything you want to be.”

To the young people, like 13-year-old Ann Riddle from Mayfield, Ohio, who had been saving for two years to go to Disney World, and decided to use her savings instead to travel to Pennsylvania with her mom and volunteer there as well. To the veterans and the childhood friends, to New Yorkers and Arkansans who traveled across the country, telling anyone who would listen why you supported me.

To all those women in their 80s and their 90s, born before women could vote, who cast their votes for our campaign. I've told you before about Florence Steen of South Dakota, who was 88 years old, and insisted that her daughter bring an absentee ballot to her hospice bedside.Her daughter and a friend put an American flag behind her bed and helped her fill out the ballot.She passed away soon after, and under state law, her ballot didn't count.But her daughter later told a reporter，“My dad's an ornery old cowboy, and he didn't like it when he heard mom's vote wouldn't be counted.I don't think he had voted in 20 years.But he voted in place of my mom.”

To all those who voted for me, and to whom I pledged my utmost, my commitment to you and to the progress we seek, is unyielding. You have inspired and touched me with the stories of the joys and sorrows that make up the fabric of our lives, and you have humbled me with your commitment to our country.

Eighteen million of you from all walks of life——women and men, young and old, Latino and Asian, African-American and Caucasian, rich, poor and middle-class, gay and straight—you have stood strong with me. And I will continue to stand strong with you, every time, every place and every way that I can.The dreams we share are worth fighting for.

Remember—we fought for the single mom with a young daughter, juggling work and school, who told me，“I'm doing it all to better myself for her.”We fought for the woman who grabbed my hand, and asked me，“What are you going to do to make sure I have health care?”and began to cry, because even though she works three jobs, she can't afford insurance.

We fought for the young man in the Marine Corps T-shirt who waited months for medical care and said，“Take care of my buddies over there—and then, will you please help take care of me?”We fought for all those who've lost jobs and health care, who can't afford gas or groceries or college, who have felt invisible to their president these last seven years.

……

We cannot let this moment slip away. We have come too far and accomplished too much.

Now, the journey ahead will not be easy. Some will say we can't do it.That it's too hard.That we're just not up to the task.But for as long as America has existed, it has been the American way to reject“can't-do”claims, and to choose instead to stretch the boundaries of the possible through hard work, determination and a pioneering spirit.

It is this belief, this optimism, that Senator Obama and I share, and that has inspired so many millions of our supporters to make their voices heard.

So today, I am standing with Senator Obama to say:Yes we can.

……

We'll have to work hard to get back to fiscal responsibility and a strong middle class. But on the day we live in an America whose middle class is thriving and growing again, where all Americans, no matter where they live or where their ancestors came from, can earn a decent living, we will live in a stronger America, and that is why we must elect Barack Obama our president.

We'll have to work hard to foster the innovation that makes us energy—independent and lift the threat of global warming from our children's future. But on the day we live in an America fueled by renewable energy, we will live in a stronger America.That's why we have to help elect Barack Obama our president.

非常感谢各位！谢谢你们！

这场聚会并不是我事先计划好的，但有你们的陪伴，我确实很开心。

今天我首先要说，我是多么地感谢你们大家——感谢为这次竞选倾注了激情和希望的每个人，感谢那些长途跋涉，在街上挥舞自制标语的人，感谢那些省吃俭用、踊跃募款的人，感谢那些挨家挨户敲门，给每个人打电话，并且和你的朋友邻居们讨论甚至争论起来的人。感谢那些通过电子邮件和网络进行捐助的人，感谢那些在我们的公共事业上大量投资的人。更要感谢那些带着孩子参加我们活动的父母，他们轻声地告诉肩膀上的孩子：“看啊，有梦想就能实现！”

我也应该感谢像安这样的年轻人，她今年刚13岁，来自俄亥俄州的梅菲尔得市，她存了两年的零花钱，准备去迪士尼游玩，却决定将这笔钱省下来，作为和妈妈一起去宾夕法尼亚当志愿者的经费。还有那些退伍老兵、孩提时的朋友，以及纽约和阿肯色地区的人，感谢他们不远万里来到这里，并转告他人，相信他们同你们一样支持我。

感谢那些在女性拥有选举权之前出生的：八九十岁并在竞选活动中投票的女士。我在之前提到过的，来自南达科他州88岁的弗洛伦斯·斯汀，坚持让她的女儿带一张缺席选举人票到她的病床前。她女儿和朋友将国旗插在她的床头并帮她填选票。没多久她就离开了人世。根据国家法律，她的选票不能生效。后来她的女儿对记者说：“我爸性子很倔，当他听说妈妈的选票无效时，马上就不高兴了。他20年都没投票了，这次算是替妈妈投了一票。”

我亲爱的选民们，我曾经承诺过的人们，我感谢你们，虽然结果不尽如人意，可很感谢你们能陪我坚持到现在，你们的快乐与悲伤激励了我，也感动了我，完整了我们的生命，你们对国家的承诺和担当使我自惭形秽。

1800万人，来自各行各业——无论男人和女人，年轻人和老年人，拉丁裔和亚裔，非裔美国人和高加索人，富人、穷人和中产阶级的人，无论是同性恋者还是异性恋者，你们给予了我有力的支持。无论何时何地，我将尽我所能，坚定地和你们站在一起。我们拥有同样的梦想，值得我们一起为之奋斗，为之拼搏。

记住——我们奋斗，为了那个在学校和工作间不断奔波独自抚养年幼女儿的单身母亲，她说：“我所做的一切都是让我这个母亲更称职。”我们奋斗，为了那个妇女，她抓住我的手问我：“你打算怎样来保证我的医疗保障？”然后痛哭不已，尽管她同时打着3份工，却仍然支付不起保险费。

我们奋斗，为了那个身着海军陆战队T恤的年轻人。他为了医疗护理而等待了数月，他告诉我说：“请照顾好我在那里的朋友，然后请你也护理一下我好吗？”我们奋斗，为了所有失去工作和没有医疗保障的人，为了所有不能支付汽油费、杂货费或学费的人，为了所有那些在过去7年中被他们的总统所忽略的人！

……

现在不能再与之失之交臂了，我们走得太远，付出太多了。然而，前方的路并非坦途。有人说，那太难了，不是我们力量所能及的，我们不可能胜任。但自打美国诞生起，我们就有一个美国式的对“不可能”说不的方式——通过辛苦工作，坚定的信念和开拓精神，不遗余力地跨越任何可能的疆域。

这种信念，这份乐观，激励了我和奥巴马；这种信念，这份乐观，激励了数以百万的你们，让支持的声音响彻太空。

所以今天，我和参议员奥巴马并肩站立，高喊：“我们能！”

……

我们将全力以赴，重掌财政责任和一个强势的中产阶级。一旦到了那天，美国出现中产阶级再次繁荣成长，不管他们或者他们的祖先来自何方，都能得到一个体面的收入，我们就生活在一个更加强大的美国里了。那就是我们必须帮助奥巴马成为总统的原因。

我们将全力以赴，扶持能源独立型创新技术，让我们的孩子远离全球变暖的威胁。一旦到了美国使用可再生能源的那天，我们就是生活在一个更加强大的美国里。那就是我们必须帮助奥巴马成为总统的原因。

实战提升

导读

2008年6月7日，美国民主党总统竞选人希拉里在华盛顿正式宣布停止竞选，转而支持竞争对手奥巴马。希拉里的退选演说内容可圈可点，赢得阵阵掌声。一般来说，这种承认自己失败的演说，很难讲好，既不能流露出对对手的怨恨，又不能让自己显得灰溜溜，所以演说的难度可想而知。希拉里虽然选举失败，但离开得仍然如同一个胜利者。

单词注解

veteran[ˈvetərən]n.老兵；老手；富有经验的人

unyielding[ʌnˈji:ldiŋ]adj.不屈服的；不让步的；顽固的

invisible[inˈvizəbl]adj.看不见的；无形的

foster[ˈfɔstə]v.养育，领养

fuel[fjuəl]v.对……供给燃料；给……加油；激起

诵读名句

You have inspired and touched me with the stories of the joys and sorrows that make up the fabric of our lives, and you have humbled me with your commitment to our country.

We cannot let this moment slip away. We have come too far and accomplished too much.

We'll have to work hard to foster the innovation that makes us energy—independent and lift the threat of global warming from our children's future.

《胡锦涛在耶鲁大学的演讲》

President Hu's Speech at Yale University

Hu Jintao/胡锦涛

Let me begin by thanking you, Mr. Levin, for your kind invitation and the opportunity to come to Yale to meet young friends and teachers of this world-renowned university.

Coming to the Yale campus, with its distinctive academic flavor, and looking at the eager young faces in the audience, I cannot but recall my great experience studying at Tsinghua University in Beijing 40 years ago. Indeed, what happens during one's school year will influence his whole life.I still benefit greatly from the instruction and my interaction with other students.

Yale is renowned for its long history, unique way of teaching and excellence in academic pursuit. If time could go back several decades, I would really like to be a student of Yale just like you.

Yale's motto“Light and Truth，”which is a calling for human progress, represents the aspiration of every motivated young men and women. Over the past three centuries, Yale has produced a galaxy of outstanding figures, including 20 Nobel laureates and five American presidents.The words of Nathan Hale, an American hero and Yale alumnus，“I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country，”have also inspired me and many other Chinese.I sincerely hope that Yale will produce more talent and contribute further to the social and economic development of the United States and the cause of human progress.

Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，

The Chinese and Americans have always had an intense interest in and cared deeply about each other. The Chinese admire the pioneering and enterprising spirit of the Americans and their proud achievement in national development.As China develops rapidly and steady headway is made in China-US cooperation, more and more Americans are following with great interest China's progress and development.

Understanding leads to trust. Today, I would like to speak to you about China's development strategy and its future against the backdrop of the evolution of the Chinese civilization and China's current development endeavor.I hope this will help you gain a better understanding of China.

In a history that spans more than five millennia, the Chinese nation has contributed significantly to the progress of human civilization. But its course of national development has been an arduous one.In particular in the 160 years and more since the Opium War in 1840，the Chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselves of poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundly changing the destiny of the Chinese nation.Ninety-five years ago, the Chinese people launched the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the feudal autocracy which had ruled China for several thousand years and opened the door to China's progress.Fifty-seven years ago, the Chinese people succeeded in winning liberation after protracted and hard struggle and founded New China in which people became their own masters.Twenty-eight years ago, the Chinese people embarked upon the historic drive of reform and opening-up and modernization and have made phenomenal progress through unremitting efforts.Between 1978 and 2005，China's GDP grew from$147.3 billion to$2.2257 trillion.Its import and export volume went up from$20.6 billion to$1.4221 trillion and its foreign exchange reserve soared from$167 million to$818.9 billion.During this period, the number of its poor rural population dropped from 250 million to 23 million.The above review of the profound changes in these 160 years shows one thing, namely, by carrying out persistent and hard struggle, the Chinese people have both changed their own destiny and advanced the cause of human progress.

On the other hand, I need to point out that, despite the success in its development, China remains the world's largest developing country, with per capita GDP ranking behind the 100th place. The Chinese people are yet to live a well-off life and China still faces daunting challenges in its development endeavor.Therefore it requires sustained and unremitting efforts to transform the country and make life better for its people. In the next 15 years, we will strive to make new progress in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way that will benefit China's one billion and more population.We aim to raise China's GDP to$4 trillion by 2020，averaging$3000 per person.By then, China's economy will be better developed and its democracy will be further enhanced.More progress will be made in science and education.Its culture will be further enriched, the society will become more harmonious and the people will lead a better life.

To realize these goals, China has adopted a new concept of development in line with its national conditions and the requirement of the times. That is, to pursue a scientific outlook on development that makes economic and social development people-oriented, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable.We will work to strike a proper balance between urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, development of man and nature, and domestic development and opening wider to the outside world.Greater emphasis will be put on addressing issues affecting people's livelihood, overcoming imbalances in development and resolving key problems that have occurred in the course of development.We will pursue a new path to industrialization featuring high technology, good economic returns, low resource-consumption, low environment pollution and full use of human resources.We will bring about coordinated economic, political, cultural and social development.And we will endeavor to ensure sustainable development by boosting production, improving people's lives and protecting the environment.

This concept of scientific development is based on the experience China has gained in its modernization drive and put forth in response to the trends of the times. It is also rooted in the cultural heritages of the Chinese nation.

The Chinese civilization is one that has continued uninterrupted for more than 5000 years. The distinct cultural tradition of the Chinese nation that developed in the long course of history has exerted a strong influence on contemporary China, just as it did on ancient China.Putting people first, keeping pace with the times, maintaining social harmony and pursuing peaceful development:these values that are being pursued in China today are derived from its tradition.But they also give expression to the progress of the times.

The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to the people and respect for people's dignity and value. Centuries ago, the Chinese already pointed out that“people are the foundation of a country;when the foundation is stable, the country is in peace.”Nothing is more valuable in the universe than human beings.The ancient Chinese emphasized the value of serving the people, enriching them, nourishing them, and benefiting them.We are pursuing today a people-oriented approach toward development because we believe that development must be for the people and by the people and its benefit should be shared among the people.

We care about people's value, rights and interests and freedom, the quality of their life, and their development potential and happiness index because our goal is to realize the all-around development of the people. Ensuring the right to survival and development remains China's top priority.We will vigorously promote social and economic development, protect people's freedom, democracy and human rights according to law, achieve social fairness and justice and enable the 1.3 billion Chinese people to live a happy life.

The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to unremitting self-improvement, reform and innovation. As an ancient Chinese motto puts it，“As Heaven keeps vigor through movement, a gentleman should unremittingly practice self-improvement.”Throughout its 5000-year history, it is thanks to their perseverance, determination, stamina and innovation that the Chinese nation has grown after surviving numerous setbacks and adversity.The Chinese people have shown enterprising spirit and reform and opening-up creativity in national development and great tenacity in overcoming difficulties on the road to progress.And all this gives expression to the spirit of unremitting self-improvement embodied in China's cultural tradition.

The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to social harmony, unity and mutual assistance. Back in the early days of the Chinese nation, the Chinese already advocated that“harmony is most valuable.”They strove for harmony between man and nature, among people and between man's body and soul, and yearned for an ideal society where“everyone loves everyone else, everyone is equal and the whole world is one community.”Today, China is endeavoring to build a harmonious society.It is a society of democracy and rule of law, fairness and justice, integrity, fraternity, vitality, stability, order and harmony between man and nature.It is a society where there is unity between the material and the spirit, democracy and rule of law, fairness and efficiency, and vitality and order.The Chinese people takes the maintenance of ethnic unity and harmony as their bounden duty and the defense of the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity their sacred mission.Any act that promoted ethnic harmony and national unity will receive the warm welcome and support of the Chinese people.On the other hand, any act that undermines China's ethnic harmony and national unity will meet their strong opposition and resistance.The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to good neighborliness.The Chinese nation cherishes peace.In foreign relations, the Chinese have always believed that“the strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor”and advocated that“all nations live side by side in perfect harmony.”The Chinese held that“one should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers”and called for drawing upon the strength of others.Today, China holds high the banner of peace, development and cooperation.It pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and commits itself firmly to peaceful development.It seeks to accelerate its development by upholding world peace.The world peace is, in turn, enhanced by China's development.China firmly pursues a strategy of opening-up for mutual benefit and win-win outcomes.It genuinely wishes to enter into extensive cooperation with other countries.It is inclusive and is eager to draw on the strength of other civilizations to pursue peace and development through cooperation and play its part in building a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，

China and the United States are both countries of vast territory where many ethnic groups coexist and different cultures intermingle. Both our two peoples are hard-working and talented.Due to different historical backgrounds and national conditions, there are differences between China and the United States.But this enables us to learn from each other and draw on each other's strengths.Closer China-U.S.cooperation serves the fundamental interests of our two countries and peoples and is also of far-reaching significance for peace and development of the whole world.

Vast as it is, the Pacific Ocean has not stood in the way of exchanges and cooperation between our two peoples over the past two hundred years, and many moving episodes of mutual learning and mutual help between our two peoples who represent different civilizations have been recorded. In the 27 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1979，China-U.S.relations have maintained steady momentum of growth despite twists and turns on the way, bringing tremendous benefits to both countries and peoples.

Entering the 21st century, the world has continued to undergo profound changes. Peace and development remain the calling of our times.On the other hand, factors causing instability and uncertainty are increasing and new challenges and threats are looming.Against this backdrop, the common interests between our two countries are increasing and the areas of our cooperation widening.Global peace and security now face new challenges, such as fighting international terrorism, preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, protecting the environment and human habitat and combating transnational crimes.And it is exactly in these fields that we share important strategic interests.China has a huge market and its development has generated strong demand, while the United States has advanced technology and high quality products.This has created enormous opportunities for economic and technical cooperation between our two countries.Indeed, there is a broad prospect for the growth of constructive and cooperative China-US relations in all fields.

Yesterday morning, President Bush and I had an in-depth exchange of views on China-US relations and major international and regional issues of common interest and reached broad and important agreement. We are both of the view that the two sides should approach our relations from the strategic and long-term perspective and that we should enhance dialogue, expand common ground, increase mutual trust, deepen cooperation and promote the overall growth of the constructive and cooperative China-US relations in the 21st century.

When we focus on the overall interest of China-US relations, respect and show understanding to each other, I am confident that our relations will move ahead in a healthy and steady manner, and contribute to the well-being of our two peoples and bring greater hope to people around the world.

Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends.

A composer cannot write enchanting melody with one note, and a painter cannot paint landscape with only one color. The world is a treasure house where the unique cultural achievements created by people of all countries are displayed.The culture of a nation tells a lot about the evolution of the nation's understanding of the world and life, both past and present.Culture thus embodies a nation's fundamental pursuit of mind and dictates its norms of behavior.The historical process of human development is one in which different civilizations interact with and enrich each other and all civilizations in human history have contributed to human progress in their own unique way.

Cultural diversity is a basic feature of both human society and today's world and an important driving force for human progress. As history has shown, in the course of interactions between civilizations, we not only need to remove natural barriers and overcome physical isolation, we also need to remove obstacles and obstructions of the mind and overcome various prejudices and misunderstandings.Differences in ideology, social system and development model should not stand in the way of exchanges among civilizations, still less should they become excuses for mutual confrontation.We should uphold the diversity of the world, enhance dialogue and interaction between civilizations, and draw on each other's strength instead of practicing mutual exclusion.When this is done, mankind will enjoy greater harmony and happiness and the world will become a more colorful place to live in.

Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，

Exchanges in culture and education and among young people serve as a bridge for increasing mutual understanding between our two peoples. They are also a major driving force for the healthy and stable growth of China-US relations.Yale is a forerunner in conducting China-US educational exchanges and provides an important platform for cultural exchanges between our two countries.One hundred and fifty-six years ago, a Chinese young man named Rong Hong entered Yale Campus.Four years later, he graduated with distinction and received a bachelor of arts degree, making him the first ever Chinese graduate of an American university.Later, group after group of young Chinese followed his footsteps and studied at Yale.Over the past 20 years, Yale has accepted over 4000 Chinese students and undertaken more than 80 cooperation projects in culture, science and technology, and education with China.Last summer, Yale sent the first group of students to China for internships and some among them became the first foreign interns to work with China's Palace Museum.I wish to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to you, Mr.Levin, and Yale for the efforts you have made to promote exchanges between our two peoples.

To enhance mutual understanding between young people and educators of the two countries, I announce with pleasure here that we have decided to invite 100 Yale faculty members and students to visit China this summer. I'm sure you can look forward to an enjoyable experience in China.

Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，

As an old Chinese saying goes:“As in the Yangtze River where the waves behind drive on those before, so a new generation always excels the last one.”Young people represent the hope and future of the world. They are full of vitality, new ideas and creativity.I sincerely hope that the young people in China and the United States will join hands and work to enhance friendship between our two peoples, and, together with people of other countries, create a better world for all.

Thank you!

尊敬的理查德·莱文校长，同学们，老师们，女士们，先生们：

首先，我感谢莱文校长的邀请，使我有机会来到世界著名学府耶鲁大学，同青年朋友和老师们相聚在一起。

进入耶鲁大学的校园，看到莘莘学子青春洋溢的脸庞，呼吸着书香浓郁的空气，我不由回想起40年前在北京清华大学度过的美好时光。学生时代，对人的一生都会产生重要的影响，当年老师们对我的教诲，同学们给我的启发，我至今仍受用不尽。

耶鲁大学以悠久的发展历史、独特的办学风格、卓著的学术成就闻名于世。如果时光能够倒流几十年，我真希望成为你们中的一员。

耶鲁大学校训强调追求光明和真理，这符合人类进步的法则，也符合每个有志青年的心愿。300多年来，耶鲁大学培养出一大批杰出人才，其中包括20位诺贝尔奖获得者、5位美国总统。美国民族英雄内森·黑尔是耶鲁校友，他的名言——“我唯一的憾事，就是没有第二次生命献给我的祖国”，深深感染了我和许多中国人。我衷心祝愿贵校培养出更多英才，为美国经济社会发展、为人类进步事业做出更大贡献！

女士们，先生们，朋友们！

长期以来，中美两国人民一直相互抱有浓厚的兴趣和友好的感情。中国人民欣赏美国人民的开拓进取精神，钦佩美国人民在建设国家中取得的骄人业绩。随着中国的快速发展和中美合作的不断拓展，越来越多的美国人把目光投向中国，更加关注中国的发展进步。

了解是信任的基础。今天，我愿从中华文明历史流变和现实发展的角度，谈谈当代中国的发展战略和前进方向，希望有助于美国人民更全面、更深入地了解中国。

在5000多年的历史长河中，中华民族为人类文明进步做出了巨大贡献，同时也走过了曲折艰辛的道路。特别是从1840年鸦片战争以来的160多年间，中国人民为摆脱积贫积弱的境遇，实现民族复兴，前仆后继，顽强斗争，使中华民族的命运发生了深刻变化。95年前，中国人民通过辛亥革命推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度，为中国的进步打开了闸门。57年前，中国人民经过长期浴血奋斗实现了民族独立和人民解放，建立了人民当家做主的新中国。28年前，中国人民开始了改革开放和现代化建设的伟大历史进程，经过艰苦创业取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就，从1978年到2005年，中国国内生产总值从1473亿美元增长到22257亿美元，进出口总额从206亿美元增长到14221亿美元，国家外汇储备从1.67亿美元增长到8189亿美元，农村贫困人口由2.5亿人减少到2300多万人。回顾这160多年来中国发生的沧桑巨变，可以说，中国人民经过艰苦探索和顽强奋斗，既改变了自己的命运，也推动了人类进步事业。

必须看到，中国尽管取得了巨大的发展成就，但仍是世界上最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值仍排在世界100名之后，中国人民的生活还不富裕，中国的发展还面临着不少突出的矛盾和问题。要彻底改变中国的面貌和改善中国人民的生活，需要继续持之以恒地艰苦奋斗。中国将在未来15年集中力量全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会。具体来说，就是要使中国国内生产总值到2020年达到40000亿美元左右，人均达到3000美元左右，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。

为了实现我们的发展目标，中国根据本国国情和时代要求明确了自己的发展理念，这就是树立和贯彻以人为本、全面协调可持续发展的科学发展观，统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放，更加注重解决民生问题，更加注重克服发展的不平衡性，更加注重解决发展中存在的突出矛盾，致力于走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路，推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设协调发展，努力实现生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展格局。

科学发展的理念，是在总结中国现代化建设经验、顺应时代潮流的基础上提出来的，也是在继承中华民族优秀文化传统的基础上提出来的。

中华文明是世界古代文明中始终没有中断、连续5000多年发展至今的文明。中华民族在漫长历史发展中形成的独具特色的文化传统，深深影响了古代中国，也深深影响着当代中国。现代中国强调的以人为本、与时俱进、社会和谐、和平发展，既有着中华文明的深厚根基，又体现了时代发展的进步精神。

——中华文明历来注重以民为本，尊重人的尊严和价值。早在千百年前，中国人就提出“民惟邦本，本固邦宁”“天地之间，莫贵于人”，强调要利民、裕民、养民、惠民。今天，我们坚持以人为本，就是要坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，关注人的价值、权益和自由，关注人的生活质量、发展潜能和幸福指数，最终是为了实现人的全面发展。保障人民的生存权和发展权仍是中国的首要任务。我们将大力推动经济社会发展，依法保障人民享有自由、民主和人权，实现社会公平和正义，使13亿中国人民过上幸福生活。

——中华文明历来注重自强不息，不断革故鼎新。“天行健，君子以自强不息。”这是中国的一句千年传世格言。中华民族之所以能在5000多年的历史进程中生生不息、发展壮大，历经挫折而不屈，屡遭坎坷而不馁，靠的就是这样一种发愤图强、坚韧不拔、与时俱进的精神。中国人民在改革开放中表现出来的进取精神，在建设国家中焕发出来的创造热情，在克服前进道路上的各种困难中表现出来的顽强毅力，正是这种自强不息精神的生动写照。

——中华文明历来注重社会和谐，强调团结互助。中国人早就提出了“和为贵”的思想，追求天人和谐、人际和谐、身心和谐，向往“人人相亲，人人平等，天下为公”的理想社会。今天，中国提出构建和谐社会，就是要建设一个民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会，实现物质和精神、民主和法治、公平和效率、活力和秩序的有机统一。中国人民把维护民族团结作为自己义不容辞的职责，把维护国家主权和领土完整作为自己至高无上的使命。一切有利于民族团结和国家统一的行为，都会得到中国人民真诚的欢迎和拥护。一切有损于民族团结和国家统一的举动，都会遭到中国人民强烈的反对和抗争。

——中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。中华民族历来爱好和平。中国人在对外关系中始终秉承“强不执弱”“富不侮贫”的精神，主张“协和万邦”。中国人提倡“海纳百川，有容乃大”，主张吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义。今天，中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚定不移地走和平发展道路，既通过维护世界和平来发展自己，又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。中国坚持实施互利共赢的对外开放战略，真诚愿意同各国广泛开展合作，真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长，以合作谋和平、以合作促发展，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

女士们，先生们，朋友们！

中美都拥有辽阔的国土，都是多个民族并存、多种文化融合的国家，都生活着勤劳智慧的人民。中美因不同的历史背景和现实国情而存在着差异，这有利于我们相互借鉴，取长补短。中美加强合作，符合两国和两国人民的根本利益，对世界的和平与发展也具有重大影响。

200多年来，浩瀚的太平洋并未阻断中美两国人民的交流合作，中美两国人民相互学习、相互帮助，谱写了世界不同文明相互借鉴的美好篇章。1979年中美建交27年来，两国关系曾历经曲折，但总体上保持了稳定发展的大方向，给两国和两国人民带来了巨大利益。

进入21世纪，国际形势继续深刻变化。和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题，但不稳定不确定因素在增多，新挑战新威胁在增加。在新的国际形势下，中美两国共同利益在增多，合作领域在扩大。世界和平与安全面临的新课题，特别是反对国际恐怖主义、防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散、保护人类生存环境、打击跨国犯罪等，使我们两国拥有重要的共同战略利益。中国的巨大市场和发展需求，美国的先进科技和优质产品，使两国具有巨大的经济技术合作空间。中美全面发展建设性合作关系前景广阔。

昨天上午，我同布什总统就中美关系及共同关心的重大国际和地区问题深入交换看法，达成了许多重要共识。我们都认为，双方应该坚持从战略高度和长远角度审视和处理中美关系，加强对话，扩大共识，增进互信，深化合作，全面推进21世纪中美建设性合作关系。

我相信，只要我们从中美关系发展的大局出发，彼此尊重，相互理解，两国关系就能够健康稳定地向前发展，给两国人民带来更多利益，给世界各国人民带来更大希望。

女士们，先生们，朋友们！

一个音符无法表达出优美的旋律，一种颜色难以描绘出多彩的画卷。世界是一座丰富多彩的艺术殿堂，各国人民创造的独特文化都是这座殿堂里的瑰宝。一个民族的文化，往往凝聚着这个民族对世界和生命的历史认知和现实感受，也往往积淀着这个民族最深层的精神追求和行为准则。人类历史发展的过程，就是各种文明不断交流、融合、创新的过程。人类历史上各种文明都以各自的独特方式为人类进步做出了贡献。

文明多样性是人类社会的客观现实，是当今世界的基本特征，也是人类进步的重要动力。历史经验表明，在人类文明交流的过程中，不仅需要克服自然的屏障和隔阂，而且需要超越思想的障碍和束缚，更需要克服形形色色的偏见和误解。意识形态、社会制度、发展模式的差异不应成为人类文明交流的障碍，更不能成为相互对抗的理由。我们应该积极维护世界多样性，推动不同文明的对话和交融，相互借鉴而不是相互排斥，使人类更加和睦幸福，让世界更加丰富多彩。

女士们，先生们，朋友们！

文化、教育和青年交流是中美两国人民增进相互了解和友谊的重要桥梁，也是推动中美关系健康稳定发展的重要力量。耶鲁大学是中美教育合作的先行者和文化交流的重要平台。156年前，一位名叫容闳的中国青年走进了耶鲁大学校园，4年后他以优异的成绩获得了文学学士学位，成为毕业于美国大学的第一个中国留学生。此后，一批又一批中国青年来到耶鲁大学求学。近20年来，耶鲁大学吸引了4000多名中国留学人员，同中国文化界、科技界、教育界的合作项目超过80个。去年夏天，耶鲁大学派遣首批学生到中国实习，其中一些人成为中国故宫博物院的第一批外国实习生。借此机会，我对莱文校长和耶鲁大学为增进中美两国人民的交流所做的积极努力表示赞赏。

为增进中美两国青年以及教育界的相互了解，我高兴地宣布，中方决定邀请100名耶鲁大学师生今年夏天访问中国。我相信，你们的访问将是一次十分愉快的经历。

女士们，先生们，朋友们！

“长江后浪推前浪，世上新人换旧人。”青年人是世界的希望和未来，青年人有着蓬勃向上的生命活力和无穷的创造力。我衷心希望，中美两国青年携起手来，以实际行动促进中美两国人民友好，同世界各国人民一道，共创世界美好的明天。

谢谢各位！

实战提升

导读

2006年4月21日，中国国家主席胡锦涛访问了世界著名高等学府——美国耶鲁大学，并发表重要演讲。他强调，文明多样性是人类社会的客观现实，是当今世界的基本特征，也是人类进步的重要动力。我们应该积极维护世界多样性，推动不同文明的对话和交融，相互借鉴而不是相互排斥，使人类更加和睦幸福，让世界更加丰富多彩。

单词注解

intense[inˈtens]adj.强烈的，剧烈的；极度的

sustain[səˈstein]v.支撑；承受，承担

prominence[ˈprɔminəns]n.显著；杰出，卓越

tenacity[tiˈnæsiti]n.固执；坚持，顽强

evolution[ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃən]n.发展，进展

enhance[inˈha:ns]v.提高，增加

诵读名句

As China develops rapidly and steady headway is made in China-U. S.cooperation, more and more Americans are following with great interest China's progress and development.

To realize these goals, China has adopted a new concept of development in line with its national conditions and the requirement of the times.

Young people represent the hope and future of the world.

《阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦：原子能时代的和平》

Peace in the Atomic Age

Albert Einstein/阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦

I am grateful to you for the opportunity to express my conviction in this most important political question.

The idea of achieving security through national armament is, at the present state of military technique, a disastrous illusion. On the part of the United States, this illusion has been particularly fostered by the fact that this country succeeded first in producing an atomic bomb.The belief seemed to prevail that in the end it were possible to achieve decisive military superiority.

In this way, any potential opponent would be intimidated, and security, so ardently desired by all of us, brought to us, and to all of humanity. The maxim which we have been following during the last five years has been, in short:Security through superior military power, whatever the cost.

The armament race between the USA and the USSR， originally supposed to be a preventive measure, assumes hysterical character. On both sides, the means to mass destruction are perfected with feverish haste—behind the respective walls of secrecy.The H-bomb appears on the public horizon as a probably attainable goal.

If successful, radioactive poisoning of the atmosphere and hence annihilation of any life on earth has been brought within the range of technical possibilities. The ghostlike character of this development lies in its apparently compulsory trend.Every step appears as the unavoidable consequence of the preceding one.In the end, there beckons more and more clearly general annihilation.

Is there any way out of this impasse created by man himself?All of us, and particularly those who are responsible for an attitude of the US and the USSR, should realize that we may have vanquished an external enemy, but have been incapable of getting rid of the mentality created by the war.

It is impossible to achieve peace as long as every single action is taken with a possible future conflict in view. The leading point of view of all political actions should therefore be:What can we do to bring about a peaceful co-existence and even loyal cooperation of the nations?

The first problem is to do away with mutual fear and distrust. Solemn renunciation of violence（not only with respect to means of mass destruction）is undoubtedly necessary.

Such renunciation, however, can only be effective if at the same time a supernational judicial and executive body is set up empowered to decide questions of immediate concern to the security of the nations. Even a declaration of the nations to collaborate loyally in the realization of such a“restricted world government”would considerably reduce the imminent danger of war.

In the last analysis, every kind of peaceful cooperation among men is primarily based on mutual trust and only secondly on institutions such as courts of justice and police. This holds formations as well as for individuals.And the basis of trust is loyal to give and take.

我非常感谢大家给我机会对这个最重要的政治问题发表见解。

就现如今军事技术发展的情况来看，想通过加强军备来保障国家安全的概念，只是一个会招致大祸的幻想。就美国而言，因为她率先研制出了原子弹，故她也最容易抱此幻想。而美国最终可能取得决定性的军事优势地位这种想法似乎颇受青睐。

这样，任何潜在的对手都会受到震慑，我们共同期盼的安全就会降临到我们乃至全人类身旁。近五年来我们一直恪守的座右铭，简言之就是：不惜一切代价，通过强势的军事力量保证安全。

美苏军备竞赛的初衷是为了防止战争的发生，现在却已显出狂躁的性质了。在保证安全的漂亮幌子下，双方都以狂热的速度完善其大规模破坏性武器。在公众心中，氢弹的制造似乎已经是可以达到的目标了。

如果氢弹研制成功的话，大气层可能会遭受的放射性污染，以及进而可能导致地球上所有生命灭绝，在技术上已经成为可能。这种发展的恐怖性在于它的发展显然已经成为一种无法遏止的态势。有了第一步，必然会有第二步的出现。最终，越来越明显地，必然导致全人类的灭亡。

我们还能在这个人类自己制造的死局中找到出路吗？我们所有的人，特别是那些美国和苏联的决策者，应该明白我们也许可以战胜外界的敌人，但战争带来的那种心理状态，却是我们无法消除的。

如果每采取一次行动都考虑将来可能会发生冲突，那么和平是不可能实现的。因此，一切政治活动的首要出发点就是：为了实现国与国之间的和平共存甚至真诚合作，我们能做什么呢？

首先就是要解除双方的畏惧和猜忌。毫无疑问，庄严地声明放弃使用武力（不仅指放弃大规模的破坏性武器）是不可缺少的。

然而，要想有效地杜绝武力的使用，必须同时成立一个超越国家的司法和执行机构，赋予它权力来决定与各国安全密切相关的问题。即便是各国发表共同声明，保证精诚合作，促成这样一个“权力有限的世界政府”的成立，也会大大降低战争发生的危险。

总之，相互信任是人类各种和平合作的首要基础，法庭与警察机关之类的机构只是其次。个人交往如此，国家关系也是如此。而信任的建立就在于互相之间以诚相待。

实战提升

导读

1945年8月，美国向日本广岛和长崎投掷了两枚原子弹，导致25万人死亡。爱因斯坦，作为原子弹基本原理的发现者和制造原子弹的倡导者，深感痛苦和懊丧。从此，防止毁灭人类的核战争，推进世界永久和平成为他战后的首要任务。这是爱因斯坦1950年2月12日在美国发表的电视演说。

单词注解

express[ikˈspres]v.表达，陈述

preventive[priˈventiv]adj.预防的，防止的

vanquish[ˈvæŋkwiʃ]v.征服，击败

considerably[kənˈsidərəbli]adv.相当，非常，颇

诵读名句

The maxim which we have been following during the last five years has been, in short:Security through superior military power, whatever the cost.

The ghostlike character of this development lies in its apparently compulsory trend.

In the last analysis, every kind of peaceful cooperation among men is primarily based on mutual trust and only secondly on institutions such as courts of justice and police.