第I卷（共103分）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Impatient.
B. Confused.
C. Pleased.
D. Regretful.
2. A. At a bus stop.
B. At a laundry.
C. At the dentist’s.
D. At the chemist’s.
3. A. An actor.
B. A salesman.
C. A translator.
D. A writer.
4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework.
B. He can’t help the woman with her math.
C. He broke the woman’s calculator.
D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.
5. A. The woman should go to another counter.
B. The woman gives the man so many choices.
C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there.
D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.
6. A. She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.
B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.
C. Dr. White hasn’t finished grading the papers.
D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.
7. A. Move to a next dormitory.
B. Find a person to share their apartment.
C. Clean the room with roommate.
D. Write an article about their roommate.
8. A. Bob won’t take her advice.
B. Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.
C. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.
D. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.
9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty.
B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.
C. The snack bar is near the library.
D. Snacks aren’t allowed in the library.
10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop.
B. Leave her bicycle outside.
C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.
D. Check if the garage is dry.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. It helps care for customers’ dogs.
B. You have to buy food for dogs.
C. None of the dogs are caged.
D. There is a dog named Princess.
12. A. She likes the food there.
B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.
C. She can have free coffee.
D. She doesn’t like to be alone.
13. A. A new kind of café.
B. A new brand of coffee.
C. A new home for pets.
D. A new way to raise pets.
Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. A trend that high achiever are given a lower salary.
B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.
C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.
D. A new term created by high achievers.
15. A.10%.
B. 12%.
C. 6%.
D. 7%.
16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives.
B. The financial investment may increase.
C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.
D. Unexpected problems may arise.
Section C
Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Gift from a stranger
My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. （25）______I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.
Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I （26）______(empty) my purse change into the heads of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.
Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot curlier. She was giving me （27）______odd look—half puzzled, half intent （热切的）. I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I saw the same lady （28）______(look) in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This （29）______sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much （30）______her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” （31）______(shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.
After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was （32）______(nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.
(B)
Ask Helpful Hannah
Dear Helpful Hannah,
I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge （33）______(check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea （34）______there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves （35）____________any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see （36）______is contacting him is just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop （37）______(ignore) me, he says, “In a minute,” but still checks to see if （38）______has posted something new on the internet. Our life （39）______(interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.
I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” （40）______is a real illness people can suffer from: the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.
Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!
Sick and Tired Sadie
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work spaces be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 , customers. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.
As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.
As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened, or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places, and upgraded employees’ 47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.
Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors （内饰）that in some way enhance, establish, or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.
All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
The 60 Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones—natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatiC.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise
52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial
53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle
54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created
55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions
56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions
57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall
58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature
59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question
60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand
61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior
62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted
63. A. emotions B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals
64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess
65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. insulting
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of folk art during several years of research around the world.
For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.
The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing weeks called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of artistic freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.
If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Bgg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Bgg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.
66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?
A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.
B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.
C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.
D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.
67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4）means the time when ______.
A. snowmen were made mainly by artists
B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity
C. snowmen were politically criticized
D. snowmen caused damaging floods
68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Bgg symbolizes ______.
A. the start of the parade
B. the coming of a longer summer
C. the passing of winter
D. the success of tradesmen
69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?
A. They were appreciated in history.
B. They have lost their value.C. They were related to movies.
D. They vary in shape and size.
(B)
70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?
A. The introduction to the leading roles.
B. The writer’s opinion of acting.
C. The writer’s comments on the story.
D. The background information.
71. According to the film review, “the monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.
A. a gun-crazy hunter
B. a brainy dog
C. a scary rabbit
D. a giant vegetable
72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?
A. It’s full of wit and humour.
B. Its characters show feelings without words.
C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.
D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.
(C)
One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor （叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understand,” the executive said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”
During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation （狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was the basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases （偏向）: their reading of Henry V minimises his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelman had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business when and how do you resist the boss?
73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?
A. Cruel.
B. Superior.
C. Honorable.
D. Rude.
74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ______.
A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better
B. give advice on leadership by analysing Shakespeare’s plays
C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops
D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays
75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?
A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.
B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.
C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.
D. To warn executives against power misuse.
76. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized
B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays
C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars
D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field
77. The best title for the passage is ______.
A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture
B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success
C. Shakespeare’s plays: A lesson for business motivation
D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth-sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth-sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills （运动技能）; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coaches develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implications of deliberate play and deliberate practice.
Research from Telama （2006）states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté （2002）defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and their environment (e.g. in the street, on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their behaviour (whether they win or lose) than with the behaviour (having fun).
On the other hand, Ericsson （1993）suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with new or different combinations of behaviours, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behaviour focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although the drills used in deliberate practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.）
78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?
79. If children often participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to ______.
80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?
81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at ______.