Word List 8

roam /roʊm/

【释】v. 闲逛；漫游 (walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction)

【例】She roamed around America for a year, working in bars and restaurants.

【近】wander, drift

apprentice /əˈprentɪs/

【释】n. 学徒

【例】I started off as an apprentice and worked my way up.

【近】novice, pupil

【反】veteran

envision /ɪnˈvɪʒn/

【释】v. 想象 (imagine as a future possibility)

【例】They envision an equal society, free of poverty and disease.

【近】foresee, visualize

shortcoming /ˈʃɔːrtkʌmɪŋ/

【释】n. 缺点

【近】defect, flaw, deficiency, limitation

【反】strength

withstand /wɪðˈstænd/

【释】v. 承受住 (endure without giving in)

【例】a bridge designed to withstand earth-quakes

【近】resist, weather, survive, endure

ornament /ˈɔːrnəmənt/

【释】n. 装饰品 (an object used as decoration in a room, garden/yard, etc.)

【例】a glass ornament

【近】adornment, embellishment, ornamentation

【释】v. 装饰 (make something look more attractive)

【例】She ornamented her letters with little drawings in the margin.

vibrant /ˈvaɪbrənt/

【释】adj. 充满生机的 (full of energy and enthusiasm)

【例】Thailand is at its most vibrant during the New Year celebrations.

【近】rigorous

【反】feeble

inclination /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn/

【释】n. 倾向 (a natural tendency or urge to act)

【例】The military government has shown little inclination to restore democracy.

【近】propensity, proclivity, disposition

【反】aversion

【释】n. 斜度，倾斜度 (degree of sloping)

【例】changes in inclination of the line on the graph

【形】incline

coil /kɔɪl/

【释】v. 盘起 (wind into a series of circles)

【例】Her hair was coiled on top of her head.

【近】twist, curl

backdrop /ˈbækdrɑːp/

【释】n. 背景 (the scene or scenery that is in the background)

【例】The mountains provided a perfect backdrop for the wedding photos.

mute /mjuːt/

【释】adj. 缄默的 (silent)

【形】muteness

ripe /raɪp/

【释】adj. 成熟的，老练的 (mature)

【例】These grapes are ripe.

carbohydrate /ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt/

【释】n. 碳水化合物

hazardous /ˈhæzərdəs/

【释】adj. 有危险的 (dangerous)

【例】These are hazardous chemicals that can cause death if inhaled.

【近】risky, dangerous, unsafe, precarious

【形】hazard

earnest /ˈɜːrnɪst/

【释】adj./n. 认真(的) (resulting from or showing sincere conviction)

【例】an earnest young man

【近】serious, solemn

elusive /iˈluːsɪv/

【释】adj. 难懂的 (difficult to catch; hard to identify)

【例】The truth may prove elusive.

【近】ambiguous

【释】adj. 易逃避的 (hard to find or capture)

【例】The giant squid is one of the ocean’s most elusive inhabitants.

frenzy /ˈfrenzi/

【释】n. 狂暴，狂乱 (a temporary madness)

【例】the buying frenzy just before Christmas

【近】mania, delirium, agitation

superiority /suːˌpɪriˈɔːrəti/

【释】n. 优越 (the state of being superior)

【例】the superiority of this operating system

【近】supremacy, eminence

visualize /ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz/

【释】v. 使形象化；预想 (form a mental image of)

【例】Try to visualize how the house will look when it’s finished.

【近】envision, picture, imagine

chore /tʃɔːr/

【释】n. 家庭杂务 (a regular small job)

【例】Milking the cows is one of my chores on the farm.

【释】n. 讨厌的或累人的工作 (a dull, unpleasant, or difficult task)

【例】Washing windows is such a chore.

decease /dɪˈsiːs/

【释】n. (人的)死亡 (the death of a person)

hinder /ˈhɪndər/

【释】v. 阻碍 (prevent)

【例】Bad weather is hindering the search for survivors.

【近】hamper, obstruct, impede, inhibit

【反】facilitate

【用】hinder sb. from doing sth.

vicinity /vəˈsɪnəti/

【释】n. 邻近，附近 (surrounding area)

【例】There isn’t a good school in the immediate vicinity.

【近】locality, proximity

simultaneous /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪniəs/

【释】adj. 同时发生的 (occurring, operating, or done at the same time)

【例】There were several simultaneous explosions in different cities.

【近】concurrent, concomitant

inhale /ɪnˈheɪl/

【释】v. 吸入 (breathe in)

【例】He inhaled deeply on another cigarette.

tame /teɪm/

【释】adj. 驯服的 (not wild because of training)

【例】After a few months’ contact the monkeys become very tame.

【近】domestic, gentle

【反】wild, fierce, exciting

granite /ˈɡrænɪt/

【释】n. 花岗岩

evaporate /ɪˈvæpəreɪt/

【释】v. 蒸发 (turn from liquid into vapor)

【例】Heat until all the water has evaporated.

contamination /kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/

【释】n. 污染

【例】It is important to take stringent precautions against contamination in the lab.

trickle /ˈtrɪkl/

【释】v. 缓缓移动 (move gradually)

【例】People began trickling into the auditorium.

【反】pour, gush

inclusive /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/

【释】adj. 全包括的

【例】an inclusive travel package

【释】adj. 首末项包含在内的

【例】hose aged 17-24 inclusive

【近】comprehensive, overall

【形】inclusion

cache /kæʃ/

【释】n. 贮存物；隐藏处 (a place for hiding)

【例】The hole in the wall is my cache.

【近】stock, supply, stash

chaotic /keɪˈɑːtɪk/

【释】adj. 混乱的 (disordered; disorganized)

【例】Traffic in the city is chaotic in the rush hour.

【形】chaos

anatomy /əˈnætəmi/

【释】n. 解剖；解剖学

【例】We are learning about the anatomies of different types of birds.

【近】composition, constitution

surpass /sərˈpæs/

【释】v. 超越；胜过 (do better)

【例】The book’s success has surpassed everyone’s expectations.

【近】excel, exceed

metropolitan /ˌmetrəˈpɑːlɪtən/

【释】adj. 大都市的 (of city)

intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk/

【释】adj. 本质的，必要的 (relating to the essential qualities of something)

【例】Math is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.

【近】inherent, innate, congenital, integral

famine /ˈfæmɪn/

【释】n. 饥荒 (extreme scarcity of food)

【近】starvation

【反】plenty

propel /prəˈpel/

【释】n. 推进 (push)

【例】The Kon-Tiki sailed across the Pacific Ocean propelled by wind power.

communal /kəˈmjuːnl/

【释】adj. 公共的 (relating to a community)

【例】The tribe lived in communal huts.

【近】joint, collective, cooperative

【反】private, individual

anomaly /əˈnɑːməli/

【释】n.异常 (something unusual or unexpected)

【例】We couldn’t explain the anomalies in the test results.

【近】peculiarity, incongruity

reclaim /rɪˈkleɪm/

【释】v. 开垦土地，开拓土地 (bring under cultivation)

【例】In Hong Kong many square miles of land have been reclaimed from the sea.

slender /ˈslendər/

【释】adj. 细长的；苗条的 (thin and delicate, often in a way that is attractive)

【例】The plant’s leaves are long and slender.

【近】slim, lean

【反】plump, considerable

adjoin /əˈdʒɔɪn/

【近】【释】v. 靠 (be close to one another)

【例】Her office adjoins the library.

【近】adjacent

amplify /ˈæmplɪfaɪ/

【释】v. 放大，扩大 (increase the strength or sound of)

【例】We must amplify our effort by working a lot harder.

【近】turn up, magnify, intensify, increase

【反】condense

【释】v. 详述 (add details to a story)

【例】She refused to amplify further.

【形】amplifier

recreational /ˌrekriˈeɪʃənl/

【释】adj. 娱乐的

【例】The industrial areas were discreetly apart, concealed from residential and recreational portions of the town.

condense /kənˈdens/

【释】v.使浓缩 (make sth. denser or more concentrated)

【例】The article was condensed into just two pages.

diffuse /dɪˈfjuːs/

【释】v. 扩散 (spread out)

【例】The heat from the radiator diffuses throughout the room.

【近】send out, disseminate

capsule /ˈkæpsl/

【释】n. 胶囊

【例】Take two capsules three times a day.

【近】pill

【释】n. 航天舱

perennial /pəˈreniəl/

【释】adj. 多年生的，四季不断的 ( (of a plant) living for several years)

【例】Fertilizers formulated for perennial flowers are usually fine.

【释】adj. 长期存在的 (lasting a very long time)

【例】We face the perennial problem of not having enough money.

【近】everlasting, eternal

【释】n. 多年生植物

indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/

【释】adj. 必不可少的 (absolutely necessary)

【例】A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.

【近】essential

flake /fleɪk/

【释】n. 小薄片 (a thin flattened piece or layer)

【例】flakes of snow

【近】chip, fragment, scrap

【释】v. 使…成薄片 (break apart into small, thin pieces)

【例】Bake the fish until it flakes easily when tested with a fork.

geometric /ˌdʒiːəˈmetrɪk/

【释】adj. 几何学的

【例】Using simple geometric forms such as circles and squares in design and decoration.

credential /krəˈdenʃl/

【释】n. 证书；凭据 (something that gives a title to credit or confidence)

【例】My experience as a manager is my strongest credential.

occupant /ˈɑːkjəpənt/

【释】n. 居住者 (a person who resides)

【近】resident, inhabitant

certification /ˌsɜːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

【释】n. 证明

【形】certify

deception /dɪˈsepʃn/

【释】n.欺骗 (the act of making someone believe untrue things)

【例】She accuses the company of willful deception in its advertising.

【近】deceit, bluff, pretense

eclipse /ɪˈklɪps/

【释】v. 使黯然失色 (make (something) less important or popular)

【例】Train travel was eclipsed by the growth of commercial airlines.

【近】decline, decay

【释】n. 日蚀；月蚀

commend /kəˈmend/

【释】v. 称赞，表扬 (praise)

【例】His poetry is highly commended by other writers.

【近】compliment, congratulate, applaud

【反】criticize

【形】commendable

crater /ˈkreɪtər/

【释】n. 坑；火山口

【例】We flew over the crater of the volcano in a helicopter.

【近】hollow

greed /ɡriːd/

【释】n. 贪婪 (intense and selfish desire for sth.)

【例】an insatiable greed for personal power

【近】avarice, avidity

【形】greedy

deterioration /dɪˌtɪriəˈreɪʃn/

【释】n. 恶化 (the process of becoming worse)

【例】the gradual deterioration of the weather

【近】decline, collapse, failure, drop

【形】deteriorate

mitigate /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/

【释】v. 缓解，减轻 (make something bad less harmful)

【例】Only international cooperation can mitigate environmental damage.

【近】reduce, diminish, lessen, weaken

【反】aggravate

comet /ˈkɑːmət/

【释】n. 彗星

catalyst /ˈkætəlɪst/

【释】n. 催化剂

compass /ˈkʌmpəs/

【释】n. 指南针

gigantic /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

【释】adj. 巨大的，庞大的 (extremely large)

【例】Gigantic waves crashed on the beach.

【近】huge, enormous, vast, extensive

【反】tiny

attic /ˈætɪk/

【释】n. 阁楼

ruthless /ˈruːθləs/

【释】adj. 无情的，残忍的 (having no compassion or pity)

【例】Some people believe that to succeed in this world you have to be ruthless.

【近】cruel, cold-blooded, indurate, merciless, obdurate

【反】merciful

commonplace /ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/

【释】n. 普通的东西 (an event, etc. that happens very often and is not unusual)

【例】It is a commonplace that we only use a small part of our brain’s capacity.

【释】adj. 平凡的 (very common or ordinary)

【例】Inter-racial marriages have become commonplace.

【近】pedestrian

brood /bruːd/

【释】n. 一窝 (all the young birds or creatures that a mother produces at one time)

【例】a hen and her brood of chicks

【近】offspring, incubate

【释】v. 沉思 (think long and anxiously about something)

【例】After the argument, she sat in her bedroom, brooding.

bleach /bliːtʃ/

【释】v. 使漂白 (grow white or lose color)

【例】She bleached her blonde hair.

【释】n. 漂白剂

eradicate /ɪˈrædɪkeɪt/

【释】v. 根除，根绝 (remove completely)

【例】The disease has now been completely eradicated.

【近】eliminate, exterminate

lava /ˈlɑːvə/

【释】n. 熔岩 (hot molten or semi fluid rock)

coarse /kɔːrs/

【释】adj. 粗糙的 (of ordinary or inferior quality: common)

【例】The fabric varies in texture from coarse to fine.

【近】rough, rude

【反】soft, delicate, sophisticated

【释】adj. 粗俗的；下等的 (crude or unrefined)

【例】The women laughed coarsely at some vulgar joke.

pinpoint /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/

【释】adj. 精确的 (absolutely precise)

【释】v. 精确定位，准确描述

【例】pinpoint the problem

imprint /ɪmˈprɪnt/

【释】n./v. 铭刻 (impress or stamp (a mark or out-line) on a surface or body)

【例】Both King and Gandhi were tremendously brave men whose unique form of courage left a lasting imprint on their nations’ histories.

【近】stamp, impress

conquest /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

【释】n. 征服 (the assumption of control; the overcoming of a problem)

【例】the Norman Conquest

【近】defeat

glacier /ˈɡleɪʃər/

【释】n. 冰川 (a slowly moving mass or river of ice)

gland /ɡlænd/

【释】n. 腺

dwindle /ˈdwɪndl/

【释】v. 减少；变小 (become steadily less: shrink)

【例】The town’s population is dwindling away.

【近】diminish, decrease, lessen

【反】increase, flourish

excavate /ˈekskəveɪt/

【释】v. 挖掘；开凿 (expose by digging away a covering)

【例】They excavated an ancient city.

【近】dig, bore, hollow out

【形】excavation

abrupt /əˈbrʌpt/

【释】adj. 突然的 (sudden and unexpected)

【例】The accident brought his career to an abrupt end.

sprout /spraʊt/

【释】v. 发芽 (begin to grow)

【例】It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout.

【近】bud, grow, develop, spring up

auxiliary /ɔːɡˈzɪliəri/

【释】adj. 辅助的 (offering or providing help)

【例】a sailboat with an auxiliary engine

【近】supplementary

recede /rɪˈsiːd/

【释】v. 后退，撤回 (move back)

【例】As the boat picked up speed, the coastline receded into the distance until finally it became invisible.

【近】retreat, back

【反】advance, approach, intensify, grow

canyon /ˈkænjən/

【释】n. 峡谷

【例】the Grand Canyon

【近】ravine, gulf

immerse /ɪˈmɜːrs/

【释】v. 浸泡 (put something under a liquid)

【例】The shells should be immersed in boiling water for two minutes.

【近】submerge, dip, duck, sink

【释】v. 陷入 (become completely involved in something)

【例】She got some books out of the library and immersed herself in Jewish history and culture.

【用】immerse oneself in sth.

discredit /dɪsˈkredɪt/

【释】v. 使不可信 (cause to seem false)

unravel /ʌnˈrævl/

【释】v. 解开(织物、绳子等) (separate)

【例】You’d better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel.

【反】complicate, entangle, snarl, tangle

【释】v. 揭开 (make something known)

【例】We’ve got a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics.

showcase /ˈʃoʊkeɪs/

【释】v. 展示 (exhibit; display)

【例】Jack found a film role that showcased all his talents.

impetus /ˈɪmpɪtəs/

【释】n. 动力 (sth. that encourages a process or activity to develop more quickly)

【例】The committee’s report may provide further impetus for reform.

【近】incentive, motivation, stimulus, propulsion

【形】impetuous

heed /hiːd/

【释】n./v. 注意，留意 (careful attention)

【例】The danger signs were there, but we didn’t heed the warning.

【近】pay attention to, notice

【反】disregard

ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/

【释】adj. 普遍存在的 (seem to be everywhere, very common)

【例】The revolution to most people is that computers today are ubiquitous.

【近】prevalent, universal

【反】rare

【形】ubiquity

attest /əˈtest/

【释】v. 证明 (provide evidence; confirm)

【例】Contemporary accounts attest to his courage and determination.

【近】verify, substantiate, authenticate

allude /əˈluːd/

【释】v. 暗指 (suggest)

【例】Mrs. Simons alluded to some health problems, without being specific.

【形】allusion

entice /ɪnˈtaɪs/

【释】v. 诱使；怂恿 (tempt)

【例】Every commercial seemed to be for some tempting snack specifically designed to entice me from my diet.

【近】tempt, lure

【形】enticement, enticing

renewable /rɪˈnuːəbl/

【释】adj. 可再生的 (reusable)

【例】renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power

authoritative /əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv/

【释】adj. 专断的；权威性的 (able to be trusted as being accurate or true)

【例】an authoritative source

【近】reliable, dependable, trustworthy

flop /flɑːp/

【释】v. 失败 (fail completely)

【例】All of their attempts have flopped miserably.

【近】collapse, crumple

【反】succeed

【释】v. 扑通放下，重重地坐下 (fall or move in a heavy way)

【例】She flopped into the chair with a sigh.