CHAPTER 11

The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."

9. THE QUIET RECEPTIVITY OF THE DISCIPLE HWUY. Yen Hwey (颜回), styled 子渊, was Confucius' favorite disciple, and is now honoured with the first place east among his four assessors in his temples, and with the title of 复圣颜子, 'The second sage, the philosopher Yen'. At 29 his hair was entirely white, and at 33 he died to the excessive grief of the sage. The subject of 退 is 回, and that of 省 (as in 1.4.) is 吾.其私, 'his privacy', not meaning his conduct in secret, but only his way when not with the master. 亦 'also', takes up 如愚,—He was so, and also so. 回也, see I.15.

10. HOW TO DETERMINE THE CHARACTERS OF MEN. 1. 以 is explained as=行, or 行用, 'does'. The same, tho'not its comm. meaning, is the first given to it in the Dict. For the noun to which the three 其refer, we must go down to人in the 4th par. There is a elimax in 所以, 所由('what from'), and 所安, and a corresponding one in the verbs 视, 观, and 察. 4. 焉, gen. a final particle, in low.1st tone, is here in up.1st., an interrogative,=how? Its interrog. force blends with the exclamatory of 哉 at the end.

11. TO BE ABLE TO TEACH OTHERS ONE MUST FROM HIS OLD STORES BE CONTINUALLY DEVELOPING THINGS NEW. 温 is exp. in the Dict. by 燖, and with ref. to this very pass. It is said, 'one's old learning being thorough, again constantly to practice it, is called 温'. Mod. comm. say that the 'new learning is in the old'. The idea probably is that of assimilating old acquisitions and new, the mind's harmonizing them. Comp. 中庸, XXVII.1.