06 Keep the Trolls Away from Your Goals笼中之蟹
There is a type of crab that cannot be caught. It is agile and clever enough to get out of any crab trap.And yet, these crabs are caught by the thousands every day, thanks to a particular human trait they possess.The trap is a wire cage with a hole at the top.Bait is placed in the cage, and the cage is lowered into the water.One crab comes along, enters the cage, and begins munching on the bait.A second crab joins him.A third.Crab Thanksgiving.Eventually, however, all the bait is gone.The crabs could easily climb up the side of the cage and through the hole, but they do not.They stay in the cage.Other crabs come along and join them long after the bait is gone.And more.Should one of the crabs realize there is no further reason to stay in the trap and attempt to leave, the other crabs will gang up on him and stop him.They will repeatedly pull him off the side of the cage.If he is persistent, the others will tear off his claws to keep him from climbing.If he persists still, they will kill him.The crabs“by force of the majority”stay together in the cage.The cage is hauled up, and it's dinner time on the pier. The chief difference between these crabs and humans is that these crabs live in water and humans on land.Anyone who has a dream“—one that might get them out of what they perceive to be a trap”had best beware of the fellow-inhabitants of the trap.The human crabs（we call them trolls）do not usually use physical force although they are certainly not above it.They generally don't need it, however.They have more effective methods at hand and in mouth.Doubt, ridicule, sarcasm, humiliation and dozen others not listed in our dictionary.The point is to manage to keep the trolls away from your goals.
有一种抓不到的蟹。它非常灵活、聪明，能从任何捕蟹笼里逃出来。但是，由于人类拥有的一项特殊技能，每天能抓到成千上万只这种蟹。用的陷阱是一个顶部有洞的金属笼子。把诱饵放在笼子里，然后把笼子沉到水中。一只蟹爬了过来，进到了笼子里，开始吃诱饵。第二只蟹加入了它。然后第三只。就像蟹的感恩节。最后，所有的诱饵都没了。这些蟹本可以轻易地沿着笼子的一边通过那个洞，但是它们没有。它们仍然待在笼子里。在诱饵被吃完很久之后，还是有其他的蟹爬过来加入它们。然后越来越多的蟹加入。如果其中有一只蟹意识到没有理由再待在笼子里了，并试图离开的时候，其他的蟹就会攻击他阻止他，会不断地把它从笼子壁上拉下来。如果它坚持，其他的蟹会为了不让它爬而扯掉它的爪子。如果它还是坚持，它们会杀了它。“在大多数蟹的逼迫下”，这些蟹一起待在笼子里。笼子被提起，码头上的人们准备吃晚餐。这些蟹和人类主要的区别是蟹生活在水里，而人类生活在陆地上。任何梦想“带领大家逃出险境的领路者”必定对险境里的伙伴有着最深的了解。人类中的蟹，即怪人，一般不使用武力，虽然他们也没有高级到哪去。他们一般不需要武力。它们有更有效的方法，那就是用嘴巴——怀疑、嘲笑、讽刺、侮辱，还有许多没有列出来的方式。我要说的就是不要让这些恶夫阻挡了你追求目标的道路。
单词解析 Word Analysis
例 All the shops on the seafront had crab for sale.
海滨地区的全部商店都出售蟹。
例 One needs an agile mind to solve puzzles.
解谜必须有机灵的头脑。
例 One of his less attractive traits is criticizing his wife in public.
他有个不大讨人喜欢的特点，就是爱当众责备妻子。
例 Earth worms are often used as bait.
蚯蚓常用作鱼饵。
例 Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye for all her movements.
他虽然啃着苹果，但却留神地监视着她的每一个动作。
例 His great success cannot depart from his persistent effort.
他取得这么大的成功和他坚持不懈的努力分不开。
例 The boat’s going off course, and we’ll have to haul up.
船要偏离航线了，我们得转向迎风行驶。
例 Takings at the pier have dropped off this season.
这个季节，码头上的收入下降了。
例 Every inhabitant here has an obligation to pay taxes.
这里的每一位居民都有纳税的义务。
例 With the key, you can free the imprisoned trolls.
用这把钥匙，你可以释放被囚禁的巨人们。
例 Her conduct subjected her to public ridicule.
她的行为使她受众人嘲笑。
语法知识点 Grammar Points
①Should one of the crabs realize there is no further reason to stay in the trap and attempt to leave, the other crabs will gang up on him and stop him.
这个句子用了虚拟语气。原句应该是：If one of the crabs should realize there is no further reason to stay in the trap and attempt to leave, the other crabs will gang up on him and stop him.should提前，省略了if.表示与将来相反。虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用。条件从句通常用if来引导，构成形式如下：
与现在相反：从句用if……+动词过去式，主句用would+动词原形。
例 If she had more money, she would dress more fashionably.
如果她有更多的钱，她会打扮得更加时尚。
与过去相反：从句用if……+had+动词过去分词，主句用would have+过去分词。
例 If I had known her phone number, I would have called her.
如果我早就知道她的电话号码，我之前就打给她了。
与将来相反：
a.从句用if+动词过去式，主句用would+动词原形。
例 If you asked me tomorrow, I would be able to give you the answer.
如果你明天问我，我会给你答案。
b.从句用if+were to，主句用would+动词原形。
例 If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.
如果太阳打西边出来，我就把钱借给你。
c.从句用if+should，主句用would+动词原形/祈使句。
例 If he should be sick, he would send for the doctor.
如果他生病了，他会派人去请医生。
例 If you should come tomorrow, please take your notebook.
如果你明天来，请带着你的笔记本。
注意：If+had+动词过去分词，可以省略if 把had 提前，其他成分保持原位。Should亦可提前，省略if。
gang up on sb.对付某人，制止某人
例 The victim had no chance when four or five thugs ganged up on him.
当四五个暴徒联合起来攻击那个受害者时，受害人就没有任何反抗的机会了。
②If he is persistent, the others will tear off his claws to keep him from climbing.
这个句子也是条件状语从句，从句中if加一般现在式，主句中用将来时。
tear off 撕掉；匆匆离开
例 Tear off the rhetorical top dressing from his speech and you find there’s very little solid content.
去掉他演讲中华丽的辞藻，你会发现其中没什么实在内容。
keep sb./sth. from sth./v.-ing 阻止；免于
例 Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.There are some dangerous currents just off the shore.
请不要让孩子们在海里游泳，岸边也有一些危险的水流。
The government is considering further action to keep the pound from falling in value.
政府正在考虑采取进一步措施避免英镑贬值。
What shall I do to keep this from getting dirty?
我该怎么办才能使它免遭污染？
经典名句 Famous Classics
1.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.
实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。
2.Friendship is a disinterested commerce between equals；love, an abject intercourse between tyrants and slaves.
友谊是平等的人们之间无利益纠葛的来往；而爱情总是发号施令的一方与被奴役的一方之间可悲的交易。
3.An open foe may prove a curse.But a pretended friend is worse.
虽然你公开的敌人会咒骂并加害于你，但是假装是你的朋友的人更加可怕。
4.You shall judge of a man by his foes as well as by his friends.
要评价一个人，既要看他的朋友，也要看他的敌人。
5.When an end is lawful and obligatory, the indispensable means to be also lawful and obligatory.
如果一个目的是正当而必须做的，则达到这个目的的必要手段也是正当而必须采取的。
6.A man can do is make a good example, to have the courage to hold in the social ethical beliefs groundless talk.
一个人所能做的就是做出好榜样，要有勇气在风言风语的社会中坚定地高举伦理的信念。
7.Learning knowledge should be good at thinking, thinking, and thinking.That's how I became a scientist.
学习知识要善于思考，思考，再思考。我就是靠这个方法成为科学家的。
读书笔记
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