史海掠影 Historical Spot Lights

古代中国的化石记录 / Fossils Known to Ancient Chinese

据文献记载，中国最早关于化石的记录出现在两千多年前春秋战国时期的《山海经》中，其中提到的“龙骨”“龙鱼”等就是脊椎动物化石。

北宋学者沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中首次明确表述化石的来源和本质（他所描述的“竹笋”经考证很可能是新芦木类化石） ，认为化石是经历沧海桑田，最终存留在岩石中的古生物遗体、遗物或生活痕迹。

In ancient China, fossils were noted in various literatures tracing back to the Warring States (475 B.C.-221 B.C.) to the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) in the monumental works“Shan Hai Jing”, in which “dragon bones” and “dragon fishes”were included as part of the natural resources in the volumes of encyclopedic texts and atlas. During the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), the famous scholar Shen Kuo (1031-1095), in his encyclopedic magnum opus “Meng Xi Bi Tan” , described the fossil plant from northern Shaanxi Province as “stone bamboos” , exposed due to the collapse of a river bank. These “stone bamboos”, according to their occurrence, are now assigned to Neocalamites, extinct tree-like horsetails of Triassic and Jurassic times (about 252-145 Ma). Because there were no “bamboo-type” plants in northern Shaanxi, Shen Kuo interpreted this occurrence as evidence of vast environmental changes since the formation of the fossils.

Neocalamites carrerei

卡勒莱新芦木

晚三叠世，陕西宜君

Late Triassic; Yijun, Shaanxi

NIGPAS Collection #PB2256

Calamites suckowii

钝肋芦木

二叠纪，内蒙古清水河

Permian; Qingshuihe, Inner Mongolia

NIGPAS Collection #PB3908

北宋著名诗人、书法家黄庭坚收藏了中国第一件经人工打磨的鹦鹉螺类化石标本——中华震旦角石（Sinoceras chinense），并在其上镌刻了他的亲笔题诗：“南崖新妇石，霹雳压笋出。勺水润其根，成竹知何日。”

The ancient poet and calligrapher Huang Tingjian (1045-1105) wrote a poem for the fossil nautiloid (now we know it belongs to the widespread fossil species in South China:Sinoceras chinense,of Ordovician time more than 450 Ma(million years ago) with his beautiful calligraphy on the well-prepared specimen. This suggests that the ancient Chinese collected and prepared fossils as artworks and this piece may be the earliest fossil artwork well preserved by human beings.

中国古生物研究的先驱 / Pioneers of Palaeontology in China

德国学者李希霍芬 (Ferdinand von Richthofen,1833-1905)

在中国旅行五年，他编著的5卷本著作《中国：亲身旅历及研究成果》，包括了古生物学的专论以及志留纪至第四纪地层的综合论述，成为我国地层古生物学发展早期的重要参考书。

Ferdinand von Richthofen spent five years extensively traveling in China, resulted in the publication of 5-volume book series — China: Ergebnisse Eigener Reisen und Derauf Gegründeter Studien,which included palaeontological works and stratigraphic syntheses of Silurian through Quaternary periods that later became widely referenced during the early years of the development of Chinese palaeontology and stratigraphy .

美国学者葛利普(Amadeus William Grabau, 1870-1946)

他是对中国地质古生物学贡献最大的外国学者，曾在中国地质调查所和北京大学任教，培养了中国最早一批地层古生物学者。

American scholar Amadeus William Grabau is regarded as the most influential foreign figure to the development of Chinese geology and palaeontology. He taught in Peking University and in the National Geological Survey of China where the first generation of Chinese geologists and palaeontologists were trained.

法国学者德日进(Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, 1881-1955)

他在1923—1946年长期调查中国的地层、古生物和区域地质，并为之作出重要贡献。

French scholar Pierre Teilhard de Chardin contributed to Chinese palaeontology and regional geology through almost 20 years exploration in wide regions of China during 1923-1946.

瑞典学者赫勒(Thore Gustaf Halle, 1884-1964)

他于20世纪早期应邀在中国地质调查所工作，对中国古植物学的建立和发展贡献良多。

Swedish scholar Thore Gustaf Halle was instrumental in the development of Chinese palaeobotany as an advisor to the National Geological Survey of China in the 1910s.

李希霍芬的《中国》及植物化石图版

Five volumes of the works China: Ergebnisse Eigener Reisen und Derauf Gegründeter Studien,with one of the plates of fossil plants, by Ferdinand von Richthofen

Stereoplasmoceras pseudoseptatum

假隔壁灰角石

中奥陶世，河北唐山滦县

葛利普1922年研究发表

Middle Ordovician; Luanxian, Tangshan, Hebei

Published by A.W. Grabau (1922)

NIGPAS Collection #58

章鸿钊（1877—1951），浙江湖州人，1905年留学日本，入东京帝国大学地质学系学习；1911年毕业回国，在京师大学堂农科任地质学讲师。中国地质事业创始人和奠基人之一，中国地质学会首任会长。

Zhang Hongzhao (H.T. Chang, 1877-1951), born in Huzhou of Zhejiang, graduated from Department of Geology, Tokyo Imperial University, Japan in 1911. He taught geology in the Imperial University of Peking and became one of the key founders of Chinese geology. He was the founding president of Geological Society of China.

丁文江（1887—1936），江苏泰兴人，1902年留学日本，1904年留学英国，1911年毕业于格拉斯哥大学，获地质学、动物学双学士学位。中国地质事业创始人和奠基人之一，牵头创办中国第一个地质机构——中国地质调查所。

Ding Wenjiang (V.K. Ting, 1887-1936), born in Taixing of Jiangsu, majored in zoology and geology in University of Glasgow (Britain) during 1907-1911. He was also one of the key founding scientists of Chinese geology. In 1916, he became the founding director of the National Geological Survey of China.

翁文灏（1889—1971），浙江鄞县人，1908年留学比利时鲁汶大学地质系，1912年毕业，在23岁时成为中国地质学界第一位博士。中国地质事业创始人和奠基人之一，中国第一张着色全国地质图的编制者。

Weng Wenhao (W.H. Wong, 1889-1971), born in Yinxian of Zhejiang, studied in Department of Geology, University of Leuven (Belgium) during 1908-1912 and received the first doctoral degree in geology among Chinese scholars. He was also one of the key founders of Chinese geology; he compiled the first colored geological map of China.

Pecopteris sp.

栉羊齿（未定种）

二叠纪，云南宣威

丁文江采集，T.G. Halle 1927年研究发表

Permian; Xuanwei, Yunnan

Collected by Ding Wenjiang

Published by T.G. Halle (1927)

NIGPAS Collection #PB13

Protolepidodendron scharyanum

夏利安原始鳞木

早泥盆世，云南曲靖

丁文江采集，T.G. Halle 1936年研究发表

Early Devonian; Qujing, Yunnan

Collected by Ding Wenjiang

Published by T.G. Halle (1936) NIGPAS Collection #PB119

李四光（1930）研究的䗴类薄片

Thin sections of fusulinids

filed by Li Siguang in 1930

NIGPAS Collection #14-905

中国地质古生物学家中最早发表古生物学论文的是李四光（1923）、周赞衡（1923），最早发表古生物学专著的是孙云铸（1924）。中国古生物学系统研究中的主要化石门类及早期主要学术带头人有：类（李四光、陈旭、盛金章）、珊瑚（乐森璕、黄汲清、俞建章、计荣森、王鸿祯）、苔藓动物（乐森璕）、腕足动物（赵亚曾、黄汲清、田奇）、头足类（俞建章、尹赞勋、田奇、孙云铸、许德佑）、腹足类（秉志、尹赞勋、许杰、阎敦建）、双壳类（赵亚曾、许德佑、顾知微）、三叶虫（孙云铸、卢衍豪、张文堂）、棘皮动物（田奇、孙云铸、穆恩之）、笔石（孙云铸、许杰、穆恩之）、古脊椎动物与古人类（杨钟健、裴文中、贾兰坡、卞美年、刘东生、周明镇、吴汝康、刘宪亭）、古植物（周赞衡、斯行健、李星学）（引自《中国古生物学学科史》，中国科学技术出版社， 2015）。

Among the pioneering Chinese geologists and palaeontologists, Li Siguang (1923) and Zhou Zanheng (T.C. Chow) (1923) were the first to publish palaeontological research papers (on fusulinids and fossil plants, respectively); Sun Yunzhu (Y.C. Sun) (1924) was the first to publish palaeontological monograph (on Cambrian fossils). Pioneering or major contributing fossil specialists in the history are: Li Siguang, Chen Xu (X. Chen), and Sheng Jinzhang (J.C. Sheng) on fusulinids; Yue Senxun (S.S. Yoh), Huang Jiqing (T.K. Huang), Yu Jianzhang (C.C. Yu), Ji Rongsen (Y.S. Chi), and Wang Hongzhen (H.C. Wang) on corals; Yue Senxun on bryozoans;Zhao Yazeng (Y.T. Chao), Huang Jiqing, and Tian Qijun (C.C. Tien) on brachiopods; Yu Jianzhang, Yin Zanxun (T.H. Yin), Tian Qijun, Sun Yunzhu, and Xu Deyou (T.Y. Hsu) on cephalopods; Bing Zhi (C. Ping), Yin Zanxun, Xu Jie (C. Hsu), and Yan Dunjian (T.C. Yen) on gastropods; Zhao Yazeng, Xu Deyou, and Gu Zhiwei (C.W. Ku) on bivalves; Sun Yunzhu, Lu Yanhao (Y.H. Lu), and Zhang Wentang (W.T. Chang) on trilobites; Tian Qijun, Sun Yunzhu, and Mu Enzhi (A.T. Mu) on echinoderms; Sun Yunzhu, Xu Jie, and Mu Enzhi on graptolites;Yang Zhongjian (C.C. Young), Pei Wenzhong (W.C. Pei), Jia Lanpo (L.P. Chia), Bian Meinian (M.N. Bien), Liu Dongsheng (T.S. Liu), Zhou Mingzhen (M.Z. Chou), Wu Rukang (R.K. Wu), and Liu Xianting (H.T. Liu) on vertebrate palaeontology and palaeoanthropology; Zhou Zanheng, Si Xingjian (H.C. Sze), and Li Xingxue (H.H. Lee)on fossil plants(Chinese History of Palaeontology,Press of Science and Technology of China,2015).

Pagiophyllum sp.

坚叶杉（未定种）

白垩纪，山东莱阳

此为中国学者研究的第一批古植物标本，由周赞衡发表于1923年

Cretaceous; Laiyang, Shandong

Studied by Zhou Zanheng (1923), considered to be the first fossil plant specimen ever studied by a Chinese researcher

NIGPAS Collection #PB153

Pseudosageceras?sp.

假胄菊石？（未定种）

三叠纪，湖北保安

标本研究者许德佑1944年在贵州野外考察期间被土匪杀害

Triassic; Bao'an, Hubei

Studied by Xu Deyou, who was killed along with two other geologists by robbers during a field survey in 1944

NIGPAS Collection #3495

Dictyclostus taiyuanfuensis

太原网格长身贝

晚石炭世，山西太原关底沟

Late Carboniferous; Guandigou, Taiyuan, Shanxi

NIGPAS Collection #1020

农商部地质调查所图书馆陈列馆开幕典礼摄影（1922年）

第一排左三谢家荣，左四王竹泉，左五袁复礼；第二排左一葛利普，左二谭锡畴，右二章鸿钊，右三丁文江；第三排正中是黎元洪，右墙站立者邢端，旁边是周赞衡。

Opening ceremony of the Library of Geological Survey, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce (1922)

Geologists seated in front row: Xie Jiarong (3rd left), Wang Zhuquan (4th left), Yuan Fuli (5th left); seated in 2nd row: A.W. Grabau (1st left), Tan Xichou (2nd left), Zhang Hongzhao (2nd right), Ding Wenjiang (3rd right); seated in 3rd row middle: Li Yuanhong (President of the Republic of China).

国立北京大学地质学会欢送一九三六班毕业纪念

Graduation ceremony for geology students at National Peking University (1936) joined by members of the Geological Society

中国古生物学会复活大会会员摄影(1947年)

Resurrection Meeting (1947) of the Palaeontological Society of China after WWII

中国科学院古生物研究所的诞生及变迁

1950年，中国科学院决定在前中央研究院地质研究所及前中央地质调查所等机构的古生物室（组）的基础上，筹建中国科学院古生物研究所。1950年8月25日，政务院总理周恩来签发任命书，李四光任首任所长。1951年5月7日，中国科学院古生物研究所正式成立，内设古植物组、古无脊椎动物组和古脊椎动物组。

第一批研究人员包括斯行健、杨钟健、赵金科、俞建章、卢衍豪、王钰、徐仁、穆恩之、李星学、顾知微、裴文中、杨敬之、周明镇、贾兰坡、刘宪亭、刘东生、盛金章、侯祐堂、张文堂、王水、胡长康（引自《中国古生物学学科史》，中国科学技术出版社，2015）。

1953年4月，在北京的古脊椎动物研究室由中国科学院直接领导，后成立中国科学院古脊椎动物研究所。

1959年5月更名为中国科学院地质古生物研究所；1971年3月更为现名——中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所。目前，研究所是中国唯一从事古生物学（古无脊椎动物学与古植物学）和地层学研究的国家级专业科研机构，被誉为“国际三大古生物研究中心之一”。

中国科学院古生物研究所建所大会（1951年）

Founding congress of CAS Institute of Palaeontology (1951)

Founding of the Institute of Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

In May 1951, the Institute of Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), was formally established in Nanjing, with its laboratories and staff members derived from the former palaeontological laboratories of Academia Sinica and the National Geological Survey of China (GSC), together with the Cenozoic Research Department of the GSC Peking Branch.

Li Siguang was appointed the first director of the institute by Premier Zhou Enlai, with Si Xingjian as the acting director and Zhao Jinke and Lu Yanhao as the vice directors. The founding faculty members also included: Yang Zhongjian, Yu Jianzhang, Wang Yu, Xu Ren, Mu Enzhi, Li Xingxue, Gu Zhiwei, Pei Wenzhong, Yang Jingzhi, Zhou Mingzhen, Jia Lanpo, Liu Xianting, Liu Dongsheng, Sheng Jinzhang, Hou Youtang, Zhang Wentang, Wang Shui, and Hu Changkang (Chinese History of Palaeontology, Press of Science and Technology of China, 2015). In April 1953, the Department of Vertebrate Palaeontology (stationed in Beijing) became directly affiliated with CAS in administration and consequently the CAS Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) was established in Beijing.

The CAS Institute of Palaeontology was renamed CAS Institute of Geology and Palaeontology in May 1959, and again changed its name in March 1971 to become Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS (NIGPAS), which is the current institute name. It is currently the only national institution specialized in invertebrate palaeontology and palaeobotany (including micropalaeontology and palynology), known to be one of the three major palaeontological research centers in the world.

李四光（1889—1971），湖北黄岗人，1904年被官派留学日本，1910年毕业于大阪高等工业学校，1931年获英国伯明翰大学博士学位， 1955年当选为中国科学院学部委员（院士）。他是中国地质事业的奠基人之一和主要领导者，牵头创办中央研究院地质研究所和中国科学院古生物研究所，首创汉字“”及科化石分类鉴定标准。

Li Siguang (J.S. Lee) (1889-1971), born in Huanggang of Hubei, sent to Japan for higher education by government, graduated from Osaka Industrial College (Japan) in 1910, and obtained doctoral degree at University of Birmingham (UK) in 1931. He is regarded as one of the founders and leaders of early Chinese geology. He was the founding director of the National Research Institute of Geology (Academic Sinica) and CAS Institute of Palaeontology. He coined the Chinese character for fusulinids and established a new classification system for the fusulinid family. He was elected to CAS in 1955.

斯行健（1901—1964），浙江诸暨人，1926年毕业于北京大学地质系，1931年获德国柏林大学博士学位，1953年任中国科学院南京古生物所所长，1955年当选为中国科学院学部委员（院士）。他在古植物学的众多领域做出了开拓性工作，奠定了中国古植物学和陆相地层研究的基础。

Si Xingjian (H.C. Sze) (1901-1964), born in Zhuji of Zhejiang, graduated from Department of Geology, Peking University in 1926, and received a doctoral degree at Berlin University (Germany) in 1931. He served as NIGPAS director from 1953 to 1964 and was elected to CAS in 1955. He pioneered in areas of Chinese palaeobotany and terrestrial stratigraphy.

赵金科（1906—1987），河北曲阳人，1932年北京大学地质系毕业，1937—1939年在美国哥伦比亚大学深造，1965年任中国科学院南京古生物所所长， 1980年当选为中国科学院学部委员（院士）。他在构造地质学、矿产地质学和工程地质学等领域卓有建树，为中国古生物学研究作出了重要贡献，是中国头足类学科的奠基人之一。

Zhao Jinke (K.K. Chao) (1906-1987), born in Quyang of Hebei, graduated from Department of Geology, Peking University in 1932 and received further training in palaeontology at Columbia University (USA) during 1937-1939. He served as NIGPAS acting director and then director from 1965 to 1984 and was elected to CAS in 1980. As one of the founders of Chinese cephalopod palaeontology, he also made outstanding contribution to the research of tectonics and exploration of mineral resources.

卢衍豪（1913—2000），福建永定人，1937年北京大学地质系毕业，1945—1946年在美国地质调查局考察学习，1980年当选为中国科学院学部委员（院士）。他奠定了中国寒武纪、奥陶纪地层建阶和分带基础，在三叶虫研究方面颇有造诣，创立了“生物—环境控制论”学说，为中国轮藻化石研究奠定了基础。

Lu Yanhao (Y.H. Lu) (1913-2000), born in Yongding of Fujian, graduated from Department of Geology, Peking University in 1937, and studied in US Geological Survey during 1945-1946. He was elected to CAS in 1980. He made fundamental contribution to the establishment of Chinese Cambrian and Ordovician stratigraphy and the division in stages and biozones. He excelled in the studies of trilobites and laid foundation for charophyte research in China. He proposed the Bio-Environmental Control Hypothesis.

穆恩之（1917—1987），江苏丰县人，1943年西南联合大学地质地理气象学系毕业， 1980年当选为中国科学院学部委员（院士）。他是中国笔石学科的带头人，提出了奥陶纪与志留纪的地层划分对比方案，提出编著各门类化石丛书，领导了西南石油会战、西藏综合考察等地层古生物学研究。

Mu Enzhi (A.T. Mu) (1917-1987), born in Fengxian of Jiangsu, graduated from Department of Geology, Geography and Meteorology, Southwest United University in 1943. He was elected to CAS in 1980. He worked as an academic leader in graptolite studies in China, established the subdivisions of Chinese Ordovician and Silurian stratigraphy, and was instrumental in compiling the atlas of major fossil groups in China. He also led the Petroleum Exploration Campaign in Southwest China and the palaeontology and stratigraphy team in the Multidisciplinary Xizang (Tibet) Expedition.

王钰（1909—1984），河北深泽人，1933年北京大学地质系毕业，1944—1946年在美国国家自然科学博物馆进行访问研究，1980年当选为中国科学院学部委员（院士）。他对扬子区下古生界的研究是中国南方早古生代地层分类与对比的奠基性工作，奠定了中国南方泥盆纪地层研究的基础。他是中国腕足动物学科的奠基人之一。

Wang Yu (1909-1984), born in Shenze of Hebei, graduated from Department of Geology, Peking University in 1933, was a visiting scholar at US National Museum of Natural Science from 1944 to 1946. He was elected to CAS in 1980. As one of the founding scholars of brachiopod studies in China, he made fundamental contribution in Devonian stratigraphy of South China; his extensive studies in the Early Palaeozoic palaeontology and stratigraphy in the lower Yangtze region were fundamental to all the South China regions.

李星学（1917—2010），湖南郴县人，1942年重庆大学地质系毕业，1980年当选为中国科学院学部委员（院士）。他以研究古植物学及非海相地层学见长，在对华夏植物群，包括大羽羊齿类植物和东亚晚古生代煤系等的研究方面取得突破性成就。

Li Xingxue (H.H. Lee)(1917-2010), born in Chenxian of Hunan, graduated from Department of Geology, Chongqing University in 1942. He was elected to CAS in 1980.He specialized in research on palaeobotany and non-marine stratigraphy.He had breakthrough achievements in the study of Cathaysia flora, including gigantopterids and Late Palaeozoic coal measures of East Asia.

顾知微（1918—2011），江苏南京人，1942年西南联合大学地质地理气象学系毕业， 1980年当选为中国科学院学部委员（院士）。他率先对中国淡水双壳类化石和中生代非海相地层开展研究，是著名的“热河生物群”研究的奠基人，为指导石油地质勘探和大庆油田的开发作出了贡献。

Gu Zhiwei (C.W. Gu) (1918-2011), born in Nanjing of Jiangsu, graduated from Department of Geology, Geography and Meteorology, Southwest United University in 1942. He was elected to CAS in 1980. He pioneered in freshwater bivalve studies and Mesozoic non-marine stratigraphy in China; he also pioneered in the studies of the famous “Jehol Biota”; he contributed to petroleum explorations and the discovery of Daqing Oilfield.

盛金章（1921—2007），江苏靖江人，1946年重庆大学地质系毕业，1991年当选为中国科学院学部委员（院士）。他主要从事类及二叠纪生物地层学研究，为中国石炭系和二叠系的分统、建阶打下基础，开展了中国上二叠统“长兴阶”的研究，为国际海相二叠系的对比提供了重要依据。

Sheng Jinzhang (J.C. Sheng) (1921-2007), born in Jingjiang of Jiangsu, graduated from Department of Geology, Chongqing University in 1946. He was elected to CAS in 1991. He excelled in fusulinid studies and Permian stratigraphy, made fundamental contribution to the series and stage divisions of Permian stratigraphy in China and their international correlation, leading to the adoption of Changhsingian Stage to the International Chronostratigraphic Chart.

金玉玕（1937—2006），浙江东阳人，1959年南京大学地质系毕业，2001年当选为中国科学院院士。他主要从事腕足动物化石研究，是中国石炭纪和二叠纪地层研究的学术带头人，首先提出二叠纪大灭绝的两幕式模式和前乐平统海洋动物灾变事件，曾任国际古生物协会副主席。

Jin Yugan (1937-2006), born in Dongyang of Zhejiang, graduated from Department of Geology, Nanjing University in 1959. He served as a vice chairman of International Palaeontological Association and was elected to CAS in 2001. He excelled in Palaeozoic brachiopod studies and Carboniferous-Permian stratigraphy as an academic leader. He proposed a two-stage end-Permian mass extinction event and a pre-Lopingian event.

周志炎，1933年生，上海人，祖籍浙江海宁，1954年南京大学地质系毕业，曾任国际古植物协会副主席，1995年当选为中国科学院院士。他以中生代裸子植物和蕨类化石的研究见长，开拓了古植物的生物学研究新领域，找到了银杏演化的“缺失链环”。

Zhou Zhiyan, born in Shanghai and a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, graduated from Department of Geology, Nanjing University in 1954. He served as a vice chairman of the International Association of Palaeobotany and was elected to CAS in 1995. He excels in studies of Mesozoic gymnosperms and fern fossils. He has pioneered in new research directions of palaeobotany and found “missing links” in the evolution of Gingkos.

戎嘉余，1941年生，上海人，祖籍浙江鄞县，1962年北京地质学院古生物专业毕业，1997年当选为中国科学院院士。他主要从事早—中古生代海洋无脊椎动物（腕足动物门）的系统分类、生物地层与古地理等领域的研究，尤其注重生物宏演化研究，曾任科技部“973”项目首席科学家。

Rong Jiayu, born in Shanghai and a native of Yinxian, Zhejiang Province, graduated from Beijing College of Geology in 1962, majoring in palaeontology. He was elected to CAS in 1997. He has made outstanding contribution to the studies of Early Palaeozoic invertebrate fossils (mainly brachiopods), especially on systematics, biostratigraphy and palaeogeography, and also has focused on macroevolutionary studies. He worked as Chief Scientist of a major research project (“973”) funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.

陈旭，1936年生，江苏南京人，祖籍浙江湖州，1959年北京地质学院地质调查及找矿系毕业，2003年当选为中国科学院院士。他主要从事中国奥陶纪和志留纪地层学及笔石动物群的古生物学研究，在中国确立了第一个“金钉子”剖面（浙江常山），比较系统地阐述了显生宙气候带的演变。

Chen Xu, born in Nanjing and a native of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, graduated from Beijing College of Geology in 1959, majoring in geological exploration and mining. He was elected to CAS in 2003. He has made outstanding contribution to Chinese Ordovician and Silurian stratigraphy and graptolite studies, established the first “golden spike”(GSSP, in chronostratigraphy) in China (base of the Darriwillian Stage, Changshan, Zhejiang), and is well known in interpretation of Phanerozoic climatic evolution.

沈树忠，1961年生，浙江湖州人，中国矿业大学博士，2015年当选为中国科学院院士。他主要从事二叠纪地层学、二叠纪末生物大灭绝与环境变化、腕足动物古生物学等方面的研究，对二叠纪末海陆生物大灭绝的时序和原因等进行了深入阐述，曾任科技部“973”项目首席科学家。

Shen Shuzhong, born in Huzhou of Zhejiang, received his Ph.D. in China University of Mining and Technology. He was elected to CAS in 2015. He has made outstanding contribution to studies of Permian stratigraphy, end-Permian mass extinction event and environment, and brachiopod palaeontology. He was Chief Scientist of a major research project (“973”) funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China.

辉煌成就 / Glorious Achievements

中国科学院古生物研究所在成立之初，承担了中国地质工作计划指导委员会和原地质部组织的全国地质矿产调查。1955年，研究所工作重心开始转移到古生物科学研究中来，相继出版了《中国标准化石》《中国各门类化石》《全国地层会议学术报告汇编》，以及《中国古生物志》和《古生物学丛书》系列专著等，为指导全国的矿产勘探、普及古生物学及地层学知识发挥了重要作用。

During the early years after the founding of CAS Institute of Palaeontology in Nanjing, scientists devoted to nationwide exploration of geology and mineral resources sponsored by the central government. Their focus started to change to palaeontological researches in 1955, which consequently resulted in the publication (as the main authors) of fundamental palaeontologic and stratigraphic works including

●Book series(5 volumes):Index Fossils in China(1954-1957)

●Book series(15 volumes):Taxonomic Groups of Fossils in China(1962-1976)

●Book series (19 volumes): Proceedings of National Stratigraphy Congress Held in Beijing 1959(1962-1963)

and a series of monographic works published in Palaeontologia Sinica and in Bulletins of Palaeontology. These works were not only instrumental for the development of palaeontology and stratigraphy in China, but also enthusiastically welcome among field and mining geologists nationwide for their practical use in their explorations.

南京古生物博物馆

Nanjing Museum of Palaeontology

研究所参与组织召开了第一届全国地层会议（1959），会议首次对我国各纪地层做了系统总结，为建立中国地层规范、地层分区等基础性科研工作奠定了坚实的基础。

为服务国家地质调查和矿产勘探需求，研究所组织并参加了多次大规模科学考察，包括1965—1972年西南地区石油会战，1966—1968年珠穆朗玛峰地区综合科考，1973—1976年西藏地区综合科考，1975—1976年渤海沿岸地区含油气地层及古生物研究、富铁矿会战等。

Scientists at the institute put forward the initiative and organized the First National Stratigraphic Congress in 1959, when the National Commission on Stratigraphy of China was established, setting the foundation for developing Chinese stratigraphic standards, division and nomenclature. NIGPAS scientists also played an important role in government-sponsored large-scale geological expeditions aimed at finding natural resources, including the 1965-1972 Petroleum Exploration Campaign in Southwest China, the 1966-1968 Mt. Qomolangma Expedtion, the 1973-1976 Mutlidisciplinary Expedition to Tibet, the 1975-1976 Bohai Coastal Petroleum-bearing Stratigraphy and Palaeontology and the National Campaign for Exploring Iron-rich Mines.

1978年，中国步入了改革开放的新时期，南京古生物所的发展迎来了新的辉煌。研究所科研人员在早期生命研究与寒武纪大爆发、“澄江生物群”、“瓮安生物群”、“热河生物群”、全球界线层型剖面和点位（俗称“金钉子”）、生物起源-辐射-灭绝与复苏等研究方向上取得系列重要研究成果，先后在Science、Nature、PNAS等国际权威学术刊物上发表研究论文数十篇；相关成果多次荣获国家级奖励，并获评“中国基础研究十大新闻”“中国十大科技进展新闻”“中国科学十大进展”等。研究所科研人员参与完成的“大庆油田发现过程中的地球科学工作”荣获1982年度国家自然科学奖一等奖，“青藏高原的隆起及其对自然环境和人类活动影响的综合研究”荣获1987年度国家自然科学奖一等奖。

When China reopened to the world in 1978, NIGPAS began to enter a new era of rapid development and international collaborations. Major research advances have been made in numerous research fronts, including the early life evolution and the Cambrian explosion, the sensational discoveries of the “Chengjiang Biota”, the “Weng'an Biota”, and the “Jehol Biota”, the Global Standard Stratotype-sections and Points (GSSPs, also known as the “Golden Spikes”), and the macroevolutionary events (originations, radiations, extinctions and recoveries), which have been widely recognized nationally and internationally with publications in major international academic journals such as Science,Nature and PNAS and received the highest national awards for basic researches.

澄江古生物研究站

（位于云南澄江，著名的“澄江生物群”发现地）

Chengjiang Field Research Station (at the discovery site of the “Chengjiang Biota” in Chengjiang, Yunnan )

被誉为“20世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”的“澄江生物群”的发现以及关于“寒武纪大爆发”的研究，引起了国际学术界的轰动。由南京古生物所研究人员与兄弟单位共同主持完成的“澄江生物群与寒武纪大爆发”荣获2003年度国家自然科学奖一等奖。

“金钉子”是地层划分和对比的国际标准或“共同语言”，也是古生物学研究程度和水平在地层划分和对比中的体现。在中国现已建立的10个“金钉子”中，有7个是由南京古生物所科学家主持研究取得的。

南京古生物所有14位科学家先后当选为中国科学院院士（学部委员）：李四光（1951年当选）、斯行健（1951年当选）、赵金科（1980年当选）、卢衍豪（1980年当选）、穆恩之（1980年当选）、王钰（1980年当选）、李星学（1980年当选）、顾知微（1980年当选）、盛金章（1991年当选）、周志炎（1995年当选）、戎嘉余（1997年当选）、金玉玕（2001年当选）、陈旭（2003年当选）、沈树忠（2015年当选）。

Fourteen of NIGPAS scientists have been elected academicians in the Chinese Academy of Sciences:Li Siguang (1955), Si Xingjian (1955), Zhao Jinke (1980), Lu Yanhao (1980), Mu Enzhi (1980), Wang Yu (1980), Li Xingxue (1980), Sheng Jinzhang (1991), Zhou Zhiyan (1995), Rong Jiayu (1997), Jin Yugan (2001), Chen Xu (2003), Shen Shuzhong (2015).

安徽休宁“蓝田生物群”野外发掘现场

Excavation site of the “Lantian Biota” in Xiuning, Anhui

近年来，南京古生物所与众多国际知名古生物科研机构建立了长期合作关系，主持了若干个国际地质对比计划（IGCP）以及中美、中德、中英等多项重要国际合作项目，主办了“第二届国际古生物学大会”（IPC2006）等一系列具有重要影响力的国际学术会议。研究所科学家在国际古生物协会（IPA）、国际地层委员会（ICS）等诸多国际学术组织中担任了主席、副主席、选举委员等重要职务。

南京古生物研究所拥有一支活跃于国内外学术界的科研队伍、现代化实验技术支持力量、堪称亚洲第一的古生物专业图书馆和历史悠久的古生物标本收藏系统及模式标本库，以及面向公众的古生物博物馆和兼具科研、学术交流和科普功能的澄江古生物研究站。

Many NIGPAS scientists have been actively involved in international academic organizations by serving as officials or leaders, such as in the International Association of Palaeontology, the International Commission of Stratigraphy and its subcommissions, International Organisation of Palaeobotany and International Fossil Specialists Organizations, and the UNESCO's International Geoscience Programmes. NIGPAS has established long-term cooperative relations with many geological and palaeontological institutions worldwide, actively engaging and promoting international collaborations and academic exchanges.

Currently, NIGPAS has diverse research teams in invertebrate palaeontology, palaeobotany and palynology, micropalaeontology, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, with modern laboratories in fossil sectioning, extraction, optic and electronic observation, chemical and molecular analyses;there is a world famous specialized library with collections of geological and palaeontological literature unparalleled in the Asian region and a fossil repository with collections of type fossil specimens dated back to the earliest stage of palaeontology in China. The Nanjing Museum of Palaeontology has been built as a window and interface between the scientists and the public. A field research station has been constructed at the discovery site of the famous “Chengjiang Biota”in Chengjiang, Yunnan with research and conference facilities and a display for the public.