D
daily [‘deili]
Ⅰ adj.
happening, done, or produced every day 每日的，日常的：
I am paid on a daily basis.
我领的是日薪。
Ⅱ adv.
done or happening everyday 每天：
The old man goes to the park daily to feed the birds.
那位老人每天去公园喂鸟。
Ⅲ n.
a newspaper that is published every day 日报：
I like reading the china Daily.
我喜欢读《中国日报》。
damage** [‘dæmidʒ]
Ⅰ vt.
to cause physical harm to sth. or to part of someone’s body 伤害，毁坏：
Smoking can damage your health.
抽烟会损害你的健康。
【同】harm, hurt
【派】damageable adj.可损坏的；damaging adj.有破坏性的
Ⅱ n.
1. [U] physical harm caused to sth. or someone 损害，破坏：
Frost caused heavy damage to the crops.
霜冻对农作物造成了重大损害。
2. (plural) law money that a court orders someone to pay to someone else for harming them or their property 损害赔偿费：
He claimed 7,000 dollars damages from the taxi company.
他向那家出租车公司索要七千美元赔偿费。
【辨】damage, harm, hurt, injury, loss:
①damage 主要指对于物的损失，例如对于价值，效用等所加的，而且指物质上的损失，常因人的过失而引起：When she sees the damage that you have done she will be furious. 当她看到你所造成的损失时会大发雷霆的。
②injury 损害，一般的用语，damage 用于非生物的身上，injury 用于生物的身上；但有时 injury 亦被用在非生物的身上：People sometimes add insult to injury. 人们有时候伤害之外又加侮辱。
③hurt 伤害，一般的用语，可用于指肉体的伤害，也可用于指精神的伤害，特指伴有痛苦的肉体的伤害；它的用法与injury 相比显得稍不正式：He jumped from the top of the wall and hurt his leg. 他从墙上跳下，扭伤了腿。
④harm 损害，与injury 意义相当，通俗且口语化，指身体或精神上的损害均可，是极小的 injury，仅引起不便或不安而已；不卫生的地方，对于居住的人会给予 harm，不良的宣传也会造成 harm:bad books do great harm to the students. 坏书对学生危害极大。
⑤loss 遗失、损失，damage指部分的损失，loss 却指绝对的损失；loss 又被用作损害、死伤等的意味：He reported the loss of his wallet to the police. 他向警察报案说钱包丢了。
damp** [dæmp] adj.
slightly wet,often in an unpleasant way 潮湿的，有湿气的：
The swimsuit is damp.
这件泳衣是湿的。
The ground is damp after the rain.
雨后地上是湿的。
dance [dɑ:ns]
Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi.
to move your feet and body in a way that matches the style and speed of music 跳舞：
She was dancing alone.
她独自一人在跳舞。
We danced the waltz.
我们跳华尔兹舞。
Ⅱ n. [c]
an act of dancing, a social meeting or party for dancing 舞会，舞蹈：
May I have the last dance with you?
最后一首曲子我可以和你共舞吗?
I’ve never done this dance.
我从未跳过这种舞。
danger [‘deindʒə] n.
Ⅰ n. [U]
the possibility that someone will be harmed or killed 危险，风险：
Is there any danger of infection?
有感染的危险吗？
Ⅱ n. [c]
sth. or someone that may harm or kill you 危险，威胁，危险物：
a busy street is a danger to children.
交通流量大的街道对小孩子很危险。
There is a great danger of flooding due to the heavy rain.
那场大雨很可能会有洪水泛滥的危险。
▲in danger 在危险中，垂危，置身于……危险：
He was sick and in danger of losing his life.
他病了，有丧失生命的危险。
▲out of danger 脱离危险：
The patient is now out of danger.
这病人现已脱离危险。
dangerous [‘deindʒərəs] adj.
able or likely to harm you 危险的，不安全的：
It is dangerous to skate on such thin ice.
在如此薄的冰上滑冰很危险。
【同】adventurous, risky, unsafe
【反】safe,secure
【派】dangerously adv.
dare** [dɛə] v.
1. vt. to try to persuade someone to do sth. dangerous 激将，激：
I dare you to jump.
你敢跳吗？
2. vi. to be brave enough to do sth., used especially in negative sentences 敢于……，胆敢：
He didn’t dare to speak to her.
他不敢和她说话。
Do you dare to fight him?
你敢和他对抗吗?
dark [dɑ:k]
Ⅰ adj.
1. with very little or no light 黑暗的，暗的：
It’s too dark to read. Please switch the light on.
太暗了无法看书，请把灯打开。
2. closer to black than to white in colour 浑色的，黑色的：
He wore a dark suit.
他穿着深色的西装。
3. threatening,mysterious,or frightening 隐藏的，隐秘的，可怕的：
It is a dark secret.
这是十分秘密的事。
【反】light
【派】darkly adv.；darkness n.
【辨】dark, dim:
①dark 普通用语，泛指缺乏光线，语气较强：The sky has turned quite dark. 天空变得很暗。
② dim有视力不强的意味；又用以指光，指微微地看见东西的光：The light is too dim for me to see. 灯光太暗了，我看不见。
Ⅱ n. [U]
a situation in which there is no light 黑暗，暗处：
a cat can see in the dark.
猫在黑暗里看得见东西。
data* [‘deitə] n. [U]
1. information or facts 资料，信息：
The analysis was based on data collected in the field.
该分析是建立在所收集的该领域的资料基础之上的。
2. information that can be stored or used by a computer program（计算机可使用的）数据：
The new format carried 30 times more data than a cD-ROM.
新格式可以存储相当于一张存储光盘三十倍的数据。
database** [‘deitəbeis] n. [c]
a large amount of data stored in a computer system so that you can find and use it easily 数据库
date [deit]
Ⅰ n.
1. [c] a particular day of the month or of the year, shown by a number 日期，年代：
What’s your date of birth?
你的出生日期是多少?
2. [c] an arrangement to meet someone you like in a romantic way 约会：
I have a date with my fiancé.
我和未婚夫有约会。
【同】meeting, appointment
Ⅱ vt.
to write the date on sth.说明……的日期：
be sure to date your letters.
务必在你的信上注明日期。
【辨】date, day:
①date指年、月、日等，它的特殊用法作 day of the month 解；在作文中，“今天几号”写作：What day of the month isit today?在会话中不能这样说，须说作：What is the date today?
② day 天，日子；在作文中，“今天星期几” 写作：What day of the week is it today?在会话中不能这样说，须说作：What day is it today?
【派】dated adj. 过时的；dateless adj. 无日期的，无限期的
▲out of date 过期，过时：
This information is out of date.
这资料已经过时了。
▲up to date 最新式的，时髦的，合乎现代潮流的：
This book is up to date.
这本书有最新资料。
daughter [‘dɔ:tə] n.
someone’s female child 女儿
day [dei] n.
1. [U] the period of time between when it becomes light in the morning and when it becomes dark 白昼，白天：
Play outside during the day.
白天到外面去玩。
The days have become warm but the nights are still cold.
白天已渐暖和，但晚上仍然寒冷。
2. [c] a period of 24 hours （一）天：
There are seven days in a week.
一星期有七天。
dead [ded] adj.
no longer alive 死的，无感觉的：
He has been dead for years.
他已去世好几年了。
My ears are dead with the cold.
我的耳朵冻得毫无知觉。
【反】alive
【派】death n.
deadline** [‘dedlain] n.[c]
a date or time by which you must finish sth. 最后期限，截止交稿期限：
Everything must be finished before the deadline.
一切都必须在最后期限前完成。
deaf [def] adj.
1. unable to hear 聋的：
He became deaf in one ear when he was young.
他年轻时一只耳朵聋了。
2. unwilling to listen to sth.不愿听的：
He was deaf to my warning.
他不听我的警告。
【派】deafness n.
deal [di:l]
Ⅰ v. (dealt, dealt[delt])
1. vi. to take part in commercial trading 买卖，交易：
It is against the law to deal drugs.
买卖毒品是犯法的。
2. vi. to take measures concerning sb. or sth., especially with the intention of putting sth. right 处理：
The government was able to deal with the economic crisis.
政府能够处理好经济危机。
3. vt.＆ vi. to give out playing cards to players in a game 发放，给予；发（纸牌）：
I dealt out two pieces of bread to each guest.
我分发给每位客人各两片面包。
The cards were dealt for the last hand.
发最后一圈牌。
He shuffled and dealt.
他洗牌并发牌。
4. vi. to treat sb. in a particular way （以某种方式）对付，对待：
Don’t worry, I’ll deal with this naughty boy.
别担心。我来对付这个调皮鬼。
Ⅱ n. [c]
an agreement or arrangement or especially in business or politics, that help both sides involved 交易，约定，协议：
He made a deal with the man.
他和那个人做了一笔交易。
The government was ready to do a deal with the opposition.
政府准备与反对派达成协议。
▲ deal with 处理，对付，安排：
He knows well how to deal with children.
他很了解如何与小孩相处。
That man is easy to deal with.
那个人容易相处。
▲deal in 做买卖，经营：
This shop deals in woolen goods.
这家商店经营羊毛制品。
▲a great/good deal of 大量（的）：
a great deal of money was spent on the project.
那计划花费了大量金钱。
/I am in a position to save you a good deal of time.
我能够为你节省许多时间。
dear [diə] adj.
1. used before a name or title at the beginning of a letter 亲爱的，尊敬的：
Dear Sue, ...
2. expensive 昂贵的：
Everything is getting dearer this year.
今年物价都在上涨。
His betrayal cost him dear.
他背叛别人，因此付出了很高的代价。
【同】expensive, costly
【反】cheap
【辨】dear, expensive, costly:
①dear 高价的，和 cheap 相对。注意：“这东西价钱贵。”须表达为“The thing is dear.”，不能表达为“The price is dear.”因在 dear 和 cheap 中，已含有 price 的意味，但可说：The price is high.
②expensive 含有“超过物的价值或购买者的能力以上的”意味：a journey to the coast is an expensive affair. 到海边旅行很昂贵。
③costly 昂贵的，需要极高费用的。含有奢侈、珍奇、精工等意味：Dainty and costly dress is second nature to her. 喜爱精致昂贵的衣服是她的第二天性。
3. much loved 亲爱的：
She is my dearest friend.
她是我最亲爱的好朋友。
【同】beloved
4. precious; of the greatest importance 珍贵的：
She lost everything that was dear to her.
她失去了她所珍惜的一切。
【同】precious
death* [deθ] n.
1. [U] the end of the life of a person or animal 死亡：
Her sudden death surprised her friends.
她的突然死亡使她的朋友感到惊讶。
2. [U] the destruction or disappearance 灭亡，毁灭：
The failure meant the death of all my hopes.
那次失败使我的希望全部破灭。
【反】life
【派】deathful adj.致命的，谋杀的，死的；deathless adj.不死的，永恒的
debate** [di’beit]
（de-相互+ bate 打：相互打，互相攻击）
Ⅰ vi. ＆ vt.
to discuss a subject formally with someone so that you can make a decision or solve a problem 争论，辩论：
We must debate the question with the rest of the members.
我们必须和其他会员讨论那个问题。
We debated for an hour on the merits and demerits of his plan.
我们用了一个小时讨论他的计划的优点和缺点。
Ⅱ n. [c] [U]
a discussion or argument on a subject that people express different opinions about 辩论，争论：
There has been heated debate about whether the film should be allowed.
关于这场电影是否该通过，人们展开了热烈的讨论。
【辨】debate, argue, discuss, quarrel:
①debate指各自陈述理由，“互相交锋”意味较强，公开的或正式的“辩论、争论”：They debated whether the new highway should be rebuilt or not.
他们对这条新的公路要不要建进行了辩论。
②argue 辩论，争论，着重说理，论证自己的主张：He argued that the experiment could be done in another way. 他论证这项实验可以用另一种方法做。
③discuss 讨论，议论，为通用语，表示互相交换意见，气氛是融洽的：They discussed the problem at length.
他们详细地讨论了那个问题。
④quarrel 争论，争吵：The two students quarreled with each other.
这两个学生互相争吵。
debt** [det] n.[c]
money that you owe to someone 债，债务：
I must pay a debt of 200 dollars to him.
我必须还他两百美元的债务。
▲in debt 欠债，欠人情：
He was always in debt when he was young.
他年轻时经常负债。
I am in debt to him for all his assistance to me.
对于他的种种帮助，我欠他一份人情债。
decade** [‘dekeid] n.[c]
a period of time equal to 10 years 十年：
My uncle went to america a decade ago.
我叔叔十年前去了美国。
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.
价格在过去十年中持续上涨。
December [di’sembə] n.
the twelfth month of the year 十二月
decent** [‘di:sənt] adj.
1. acceptable and good enough 体面的，像样的：
in decent clothes 穿着体面的衣服
decent behavior 得体的行为
2. honest and fair; treating people with respect 正派的，合乎礼仪的：
It is a decent film, without crime or violence.
那是一部正派电影，里面没有犯罪也没有暴力镜头。
【反】indecent
【派】decently adv.
decide [di’said] vt.＆ vi.
1. to make a choice or judgment about sth. 决定，下决心：
He decided to buy a new car.
他决定买一辆新车。
2. to affect the result of sth.影响（或决定）……的结果：
The new information decided the argument.
那项新资料使这项争辩有了结果。
In the end his stamina decided the match.
最后他的耐力决定了这场比赛的胜负。
【同】determine
【派】decider n.决定者，裁决者，决赛
【辨】decide, determine:
①decide指经过考虑或商议的决定，后接不定式或介词 on (upon) + 动名词或从句：We decided to go there. = We decided on (upon) going there. = We decided that we would go there.
我们决定去那儿。
②determine 表示决心，坚决的意思，此外还有“确定”的意思，后可接不定式或介词 on (upon) +动名词：He has determined to propose a new method. = He has determined on (upon) proposing a new method. 他决定提出一种新方法。
I can’t determine the meaning of the sentence. 我不能确定这句话的意思。
decision [di’siʒən] n.
1. [c] [U] a choice or judgment that you make 决定，决心：
I’m afraid you’ve made the wrong decision.
恐怕你做了错误的决定。
2. [c] a resolution 决议：
a draft decision 决议草案
pass a decision 通过一项决议
3. [U] the ability to make choices or judgments quickly 做出决定，决策：
In political matters, decision can be very difficult.
在政治问题上，决策可能是很困难的。
【辨】decision, determination:
①decision 决定，指迅速地，具体决定的事情：The Prime Minister’s decision to resign was welcomed by the Opposition. 总理辞职的决定得到了反对党的欢迎。
②determination 决心，指用一定的，有时甚至固执的意向，执行已经决定的动作进程：all this increased my determination to try in every way to fight against that war. 这一切增强了我尽一切努力跟那场战争进行斗争的决心。
declare* [di’klɛə] vt.
1. to state officially and publicly that sth. is happening or that sth. is true 宣告，宣布，声明：
They will declare the results of the election soon.
他们将很快公布选举的结果。
2. to say clearly and publicly what you think or feel 断言，宣称：
The man declared his position.
那个人声明了他的立场。
decline** [di’klain]
Ⅰ v.
1. vi. to decrease in quality, quantity, importance etc.下倾，下降，下垂，衰落：
His health has begun to decline recently.
他的健康最近衰退了。
The sun declined westward.
太阳西下。
【同】fail, decrease
2. vt. ＆ vi. to refuse sth., usually politely 拒绝，谢绝：
He declined to answer.
他拒绝回答。
I offered him a lift to his house, but he declined with thanks.
我想让他搭便车回家，但他谢绝了。
【辨】decline, refuse:
①decline指“谦恭地拒绝”的意思，如辞谢申请，提案，要求，引诱，争论等：She declined their invitation. 她谢绝了他们的邀请。
②refuse指拒绝要求，是最普通的用语，态度比“decline”要强硬，例如拒绝申请、要求、请愿、引诱、忠告、命令、赠物、入场、援助、同意、承诺、约定、官职等：He refused to go there at once. 他拒绝马上去那儿。
Ⅱ n.
1. [U] a gradual decrease in the quality,quantity, or importance of sth.衰落，衰退，下降：
New car sales are on the decline.
新车的销售量在下降。
2. [c] change toward sth. smaller or lower 下倾，下降，下垂，衰落：
There has been a gradual decline in the population of the town.
该镇的人口一直在逐渐减少中。
decorate* [‘dekəreit] vt. ＆ vi.
（decor-陈设+ ate 动词后缀）
to make sth. look more attractive by adding pretty things to it 装饰，装潢，布置：
She decorated her room with flowers.
她用鲜花装饰她的房间。
all the walls of his room are decorated with pictures of rock singers.
他房间的每面墙上都挂着摇滚歌手的照片作为装饰。
【同】beautify, do up
【派】decorator n.装饰家，制景人员
【辨】decorate, furnish:
①decorate指目的为了美化、庆祝的装饰：How much will it cost to decorate the house? 装饰这栋房子需要花费多少钱？
② furnish 装饰，一般指房子等家具的陈设：The office is furnished with two desks and four chairs. 办公室陈设简朴，只有两张桌子，四把椅子。
decrease** [di’kri:s]
Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi.
to become less in size,number, or amount,or to make sth. do this 减少，减小：
The students of this class decreased to 42.
这个班的学生已减少至四十二人。
【同】decline, drop, reduce
Ⅱ n. [c]
the process of reducing sth., or the amount by which it is reduced 减少，减小：
There has been a decrease in the number of students this year.
今年学生人数已减少。
【反】increase
deep [di:p]
Ⅰ adj.
going far down or far in from the top,the front, or the surface of sth.深的，深刻的，深切的：
This lake is the deepest here.
这个湖是这一带最深的。
Ⅱ adv.
far into sth.深深地：
We went deep into the woods.
我们走入森林的深处。
【辨】deep, deeply:
①deep指具体的或有形的事物；与night 或 study等字连用时，常用 deep: to study deep into the night 研究至深夜
to study deep into a subject 深研一个题目
②deeply 用于比喻的意义，有时等于“非常地”意思：I am deeply grateful to you. 我深深地感谢您。
deeply [‘di:pli] adv.
extremely or very much 深深地：
I was deeply moved by the song.
我被这首歌深深地打动了。
deer* [diə] n.
（单、复数形式相同）
鹿：
Male deer have antlers.
公鹿有鹿角。
defeat** [di’fi:t]
（de-使离开+ feat 做：把……打离开/打跑）
Ⅰ vt.
to win a victory over someone 战胜，挫败：
Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.
我队以5比0击败对手。
Lack of money defeated my plan.
缺钱使我的计划落空。
【同】overcome, conquer
Ⅱ n. [c] [U]
the failure to win or succeed 战胜，挫败：
Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.
我们的棒球队再度败北。
▲in defeat 失败：
Their first revolution had ended in defeat.
他们第一次革命以失败而告终。
defence* [di’fens] n.
1. [U] the act of protecting someone or sth. from attack or criticism 防御，保卫：
The defence of the country is everyone’s affair.
保卫国家匹夫有责。
2. [c] 防务工事：
We must strengthen our defences on the western border.
我们必须加强西部边境的防御工事。
3. the thing that are said in a court of law to prove that someone is not guilty of a crime 辩护，答辩：
The accused man made no defence.
被告没有抗辩。
【同】protection, security
defend** [di’fend] vt.
（de-离开+ fend 打开：把来犯之敌打跑）
1. to protect someone or sth. from being attacked or taken away 防守.保卫：
When the dog attacked me, I picked up a stick and defended myself.
当那条狗袭击我时，我捡起了一根棍子自卫。
He defended me from a drunken man.
他保护我免受醉汉伤害。
2. to use arguments to protect sth. or someone from criticism 为……辩护，为……辩答：
I am prepared to defend my ideas.
我准备好为自己的构想辩护。
【同】guard, protect, safeguard
【反】attack
【辨】defend, guard, protect, safeguard:
①defend指防御攻击，又指替人辩护。通常指防御现实的危险：Troops have been sent to defend the borders. 已派出部队守卫边疆。
②guard有防御危险、攻击等使变为安全的意义：One half of his forces always guarded the camp. 他的一半武力总是保卫着营地。
③protect 防御现实的危险、危害、诱惑等。defend是暂时的行为，protect 却是永久的行为：Pandas are protected well in china. 熊猫在中国受到很好的保护。
④safeguard 保卫，维护：we must safeguard national independence and state sovereignty. 我们必须维护民族独立和国家主权。
definite [‘definit] adj.
1. clearly known, seen, or stated, and completely certain 明确的：
It is definite that he is wrong.
确实是他不对。
2. sure or certain 肯定的，限定的：
His school work was not up to the definite standard.
他的学业成绩没有达到一定的标准。
definitely* [‘definitli] adv.
without question and beyond doubt 明确地，确切地，肯定：
all the students that work hard can definitely pass the exam.
用功的学生必能通过考试。
definition** [9defi’niʃən] n.[c][U]
a phrase or sentence that says exactly what a word, phrase, or idea means 定义，解释：
There’s no clear definition for this word.
这个单词没有明确的定义。
【同】description
【派】definitional adj.
degree [di’ɡri:] n.
1. [c] [U] the level or amount of sth., especially of ability or progress 程度：
He has a high degree of ability in English.
他的英文程度相当高。
2. [c] a unit for measuring temperature or the size of an angle 度数：
The temperature was ten degrees centigrade this morning.
今天早上温度是摄氏10°。
3. [c] a course of study at a university,or the qualification given to someone who has successfully completed the course 学位：
a doctor’s degree in economics 经济学博士学位
4. [c] 等级：
a comparative degree 比较级
【同】grade, phase, level
delay** [di’lei]
（de- 加强意义+ lay 放下）
Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi.
to wait until a later time to do sth.耽搁，延迟：
What delayed you so long yesterday?
昨天你为什么耽搁那么久呢?
Ⅱ n.
a situation in which someone or sth. is made to wait, or the length of the waiting time 迟滞，延迟，延期：
I arrived there without any delay.
我顺利抵达，毫无耽搁。
【同】stay, hesitation
delete** [di’li:t] vt.
to remove a letter, word etc. from a piece of writing 删除：
It is necessary to delete the useless information.
有必要把没用的信息删除。
【辨】delete, erase, cancel:
这些词都指从表面上去掉某种印记，有可能是为了能在上面再加上新的印记。cancel 和 delete 在用来除掉印记的方法这个意义上不如 erase 清楚；cancel 多专指把什么东西划去，引申为取消、解除的意思；delete 多主要指在编辑文章时去掉不必要的表达。
delicate** [‘delikeit] adj.
1. a part of the body that is attractive and graceful 纤弱的：
She has long delicate fingers.
她的手指修长又纤细。
2. made skillfully and with attention to the smallest details 精致的，精巧的：
The human body is a delicate machine.
人体是一部精巧的机械。
3. need to be dealt with carefully or sensitively in order to avoid problems or failure 微妙的：
a delicate situation 微妙的形势
4. easily damaged or broken 灵敏的：
This is a very delicate piece of apparatus.
这是一架很灵敏的仪器。
【派】delicately adv.
delicious [di’liʃəs] adj.
very pleasant in taste or smell 美味的，可口的：
What a delicious meal!
多么美味的一餐!
【同】 tasty
★delight [di’lait]
（de-使+ light 轻松）
Ⅰ vt.
to give someone great satisfaction and enjoyment（使）高兴，（使）欣喜：
He often delighted his children with his magic.
他时常变魔术逗他的小孩高兴。
【同】please, amuse
Ⅱ n. [U]
feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction 快乐，高兴：
To my great delight, my son passed the examination.
儿子通过了考试，我大为欣慰。
【反】disappointment
【辨】delight, pleasure, joy:
①delight指高度的 pleasure，用以指非常的 pleasure 或非常的 joy: They got a good deal of delight from their children. 他们从孩子们身上得到了极大的快乐。
②pleasure 愉快，最一般的用语：I can lend it to you with pleasure. 我乐意把它借给你。
③joy是表示极强的感情的用语：He leaped with joy at the sight of his mother. 他一看见母亲便欢喜得跳了起来。
▲take delight in 以……为乐：
The child takes great delight in mischief.
这小孩喜爱恶作剧。
★delighted [di’laitid] adj.
very pleased and happy 高兴的；欢喜的：
They broke into delighted laughter.
他们高兴地大笑起来。
▲delighted + with:
We’re delighted with our new grandson.
我们很高兴新添了一个孙子。
▲delighted + (that):
The family is delighted that the case isfinally over.
令全家人感到高兴的是案子终于结束了。
▲delighted to do sth.:
I was delighted to see my old friends again.
再次看到老朋友我感到很高兴。
▲delighted + at:
The company is delighted at people’s response to its advertisement.
看到人们对广告做出回应，公司非常高兴。
【派】delightedly adv.
deliver* [di’livə] vt. ＆ vi.
1. to take goods, letters etc. to the place where they have been sent 交付，递送：
Would you deliver my message to your mother?
你可以把我的信息传给你母亲吗?
【同】carry, bring, convey
【派】deliverer n.交付者，递送者
2. to make a speech etc. in front of a lot of people 发表，表达：
He delivered a long speech.
他发表了一篇很长的演说。
【同】give, utter, say
【派】delivery n. 传递，传送，交付
demand** [di’mɑ:nd]
Ⅰ n. [c][U]
the need or desire that people have for particular goods or services 要求，请求，需要（量）：
The demand for programmers exceeds the supply.
程序设计员供不应求。
【同】command, need, requirement
Ⅱ vt.
1. to ask strongly for sth.,especially because you think you have a right to do this 要求，请求，需求：
The customer demanded a reasonable explanation.
那名顾客要求给出合理的解释。
2. to order someone to tell you sth.质问，询问，查问：
She demanded, “Where’s Tom?”
她问：“汤姆在哪儿?”
★democracy [di’mɔkrəsi] n．
1. a system of government in which everyone in a country can vote to elect its leaders 民主：
What are the principles of democracy?
民主的原则是什么?
2. a country that allows its people to elect its government officials 民主政体，拥有民主政体的国家：
a true democracy allows free speech.
一个真正的民主国家允许言论自由。
3. 民主制：
a democratic person or government is one that is in favour of democracy.
民主的人或政府是赞成民主制的。
demonstrate** [‘demənstreit] v.
（de- 加强意义+ monstr 说明+ -ate 动词后缀）
1. vt. to prove sth. clearly 论证，证实：
How did he demonstrate the truth of his theory?
他如何证明他的理论正确呢?
【辨】demonstrate, prove:
①demonstrate“论证”，论证定理，命题，理论，物的有效等：The usefulness of the automobile in farm work has been clearly demonstrated. 这种汽车在农活中的用处已经清楚地得到了论证。
②prove 为一般的用语，是 make certain 的意思，证明人的陈述意见等：How didyou prove that he was the robber? 你如何证明他就是那名强盗?
2. vt. to show or describe how to use or do sth.演示，说明，以实物宣传：
The salesman demonstrated the new personal computer.
那名推销员展示了新的个人电脑。
【同】show, illustrate, explain
3. vi. to meet other people in order to protest or support sth. in public 示威，进行示威运动：
The students demonstrated against the raising of tuition fees.
学生示威反对提高学费。
dentist** [‘dentist] n.[c]
someone whose job is to treat people’s teeth 牙医：
I have an appointment with the dentist at 2 o’clock.
两点钟我约了牙医。
【派】dentistry n.牙科学
deny** [di’nai] vt.
to say that sth. is not true 否认，否定：
He denied all charges.
他否认了所有指控。
Do you deny having stolen the bicycle?
你否认你偷了自行车吗?
It cannot be denied that he is guilty.
无可否认，他有罪。
He denied this to be the case.
他不承认情形是如此。
department** [di’pɑ:tmənt] n.
one of the groups of people working together to form part of a large organization such as a hospital, university, or company 部，局，科，部门，系，学部：
Where is the shoe department?
鞋子销售部在哪里?
the department of literature 文学系
departure** [di’pɑ:tʃə] n.[c][U]
an act of leaving a place, especially at start of a journey 出发，动身，离开，启程：
The departure of the plane was delayed.
飞机起飞受到延误。
I took my departure for Hong Kong from beijing.
我从北京出发前往香港。
depend [di’pend] vi.
(de-下面+ pend 悬挂，在……下面挂着，附属于……)
to rely; count; get support from, be supported by 取决于，依靠，信赖：
You cannot depend on your parents forever.
你不能永远依赖你的双亲。
Good health depends upon good food, exercise and getting enough sleep.
健康的身体依赖于合理的膳食、运动和充足的睡眠。
He depends on his pen for a living.
他靠笔杆子为生。
【同】rely on, rest on, trust, turn to
【派】dependable adj.可靠的；dependability n.可靠；dependably adv.可靠地
【辨】depend, rely:
①depend 主要指“依赖”的意思，后跟介词 on 或 upon。
②rely 主要指“信赖”的意思，后跟介词 on 或 upon: He can always be relied upon for help. 他的帮助是永远可依赖的。
You may rely upon my early arrival. 你放心好了，我会早到。
depress** [di’pres] vt.
1. to press sth. down, especially a part of a machine 压下，拉下：
to depress a lever 压下杠杆
2. to make someone feel very unhappy 使愁苦，使沮丧：
Wet weather always depresses her.
雨天总使她愁苦。
The newspapers are full of depressing news nowadays.
报纸如今满是令人忧愁的消息。
3. to prevent sth. from working properly or being as active as it usually is:使不活泼，使跌价，使萧条：
When business is depressed there is usually an increase in unemployment.
当商业萧条时，通常失业就会增加。
depth** [depθ] n.[c][U]
the distance from the top surface to the bottom of sth.深度，深奥，深刻：
He can dive to a depth of thirty feet.
他可以潜水到三十英尺的地方。
This cupboard is 30 centimeters in depth.
这个碗橱深三十厘米。
describe [dɪ‘skraib] vt.
（de-下+ scribe 写）
1. to say what someone or sth. is like by giving details 描述，形容：
Words cannot describe her beauty.
言词无法形容她的美。
can you describe the man to me?
你可以把那个人描述给我听吗?
2. to give an account or representation in words 把……说成，评述：
He described my plan as unrealistic.
他批评我的计划不切实际。
description* [dis’kripʃən] n.[c][U]
1. a piece of writing or a speech that gives details about what someone or sth. is like 描写，形容：
Please give me a full description of the accident.
请详细地叙述这个意外事件给我听。
【同】account
2. [c] a type of thing, person, etc.种类：
In society we meet people of every description.
在社会上我们能遇到各种各样的人。
【同】kind, sort, type, variety
desert* [‘dezət] n.[c]
（de-分开+ serf 放起来）
a large area of land where it is always very dry, and there is a lot of sand 沙漠：
He drove across the desert.
他驾车横穿过沙漠。
desert* [di’zət] vt.
1. to leave someone alone and not help him/her any more 抛弃，遗弃，背弃：
He deserted his family.
他遗弃了他的家人。
2. to lose a feeling, quality or skill when you need it 从……失去,丧失：
His courage deserted him.
他失去了勇气。
【派】deserted adj.被丢弃的，被舍弃的，荒无人烟的；deserter n.背离者，叛离者，逃兵
【辨】desert, abandon, give up, quit:
①desert指将法律上或者道德上应尽的义务，责任，或誓言等加以抛弃，常有非难和有罪的含义。如背弃所属的军队、军务、妻子、友人、本国、邻里等。deserted有无人居住的，荒凉的意思：a deserted village 荒凉的村庄；
②abandon指绝对或决定舍弃，不愿第二次看到或想到，如抛弃计划、希望、意见、妻子、亲戚、朋友、地位、习惯等。He abandoned his desolate home, and set out upon a long journey. 他抛弃了凄凉的家，开始了一次漫长的旅行。
③give up是一般的用语，从绝望的意义转变为放弃的意味：but could he, even now, give up Tom? 但即使是现在，他能舍弃汤姆吗?
④quit指突然地或不情愿地离去，与give up 同。
deserve** [di’zə:v] vt. ＆ vi.
（de-加强意义+ serve 服务）
to have earned sth. by good or bad action or behaviour 值得，应得：
His brave act deserves admiration.
他的勇敢行为值得钦佩。
He deserves to be punished.
他应该受到惩罚。
Your suggestion deserves considering.
你的建议值得考虑。
design* [di’zain]
（de-加强意义+ sign 记号）
Ⅰ vt.
1. to make a drawing or plan of sth. that will be made or built 作……图案，设计：
She designs dresses for the singer.
她为这位歌手设计服装。
He designs for that dressmaker.
他为那位裁缝设计服装。
2. to plan or develop sth. for a particular job or purpose 拟定，筹划，意图：
He designed a plot for his new novel.
他为新小说拟定情节。
Ⅱ n. [c][U]
the way that sth. has been planned or made 图样，图案，设计，花样：
a design for a dress 衣服的设计
I don’t like the wallpaper design.
我不喜欢这壁纸的图案。
【辨】design, plan, project:
①design 计划，设计，指达到一定目的时心中的准备，与project 相比，是较为确定的用语，有时有厌恶的意味：He learned and warned me of their fierce design against my house. 他听说了他们对我的房子的可怕的处理计划，并向我提出了警告。
②plan 计划，指于某事之前所立的方案或方法，常是用心极深的与有组织的方案：We plan to go to Qingdao next summer. 我们计划明年夏天去青岛。
③project 设计，仅指头脑中空想的计划，往往指进行的方法尚未想好，而要达到的目的已决定，有“刻意”的意味，是较为庄重的用语：a new railway is projected. 一条新铁路已计划好了。
desire* [di’zaiə]
Ⅰ vt.
to want or hope for sth. very much 希望，渴望，欲望，要求：
We all desire peace and happiness.
我们都渴望和平与幸福。
He desired to win the game.
他希望赢得这场比赛。
What do you desire me to do?
你希望我做什么?
Ⅱ n. [c][U]
a strong hope or wish 愿望，欲望，要求，请求：
He had strong desire for success.
他渴望成功。
The people expressed their desire that the war should come to an end soon.
人民表达了早日结束战争的愿望。
desk [desk] n.
a piece of furniture like a table that you sit at to write and work 书桌，办公桌，服务台：
There are many desks and chairs in the classroom.
教室里有很多桌椅。
desperate** [‘despərit] adj.
（de-无，非+ sper-希望+ ate 形容词后缀）
1. arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope 绝望的，悲观的：
Her illness is desperate, but not hopeless.
虽然治好她的病希望很小，但尚未绝望。
2. willing to do anything to change a very bad situation, and not caring about danger 不顾一切的，亡命的，情急拼命的：
The desperate thief shot at the policeman.
那个情急的小偷向警察开了枪。
【同】mad, dangerous, wild, daring
3. needing or wanting sth. very much 很渴望的：
He is desperate to pass the entrance exam.
他很渴望通过入学考试。
【派】desperately adv.；desperateness n.
despite* [dis’pait] prep.
in spite of sth.不管，不顾：
Despite the traffic jam he arrived here on time.
尽管交通堵塞，他还是按时到达了。
dessert** [di’zə:t] n.[c][U]
sweet food served after the main part of a meal（主食后吃的）甜点
destination* [9desti’neiʃən] n.[c]（destin- 指定+ ation 名词后缀）
the place that someone or sth. is going to 目的地，终点，收信人地址：
The airplane’s destination is Paris.
这架飞机的目的地是巴黎。
We will arrive at our destination by the evening.
我们会在傍晚前抵达目的地。
destroy* [dis’trɔi] vt.
（de- 去掉，毁掉+ story 建筑）
to damage sth. very badly, so that it cannot be used or no longer exists 摧毁，毁坏，破坏：
Don’t destroy that box — it maybe useful.
不要把那个盒子弄坏 —— 它也许有用。
all his hopes were destroyed.
他的一切希望都破灭了。
【辨】destroy, break, damage, ruin:
①destroy 破坏，指剧烈地破坏，可用于一般的事物，例如建筑物、市街、墙壁、王国、名誉、计划、势力、契约等：The forest was destroyed by fire. 森林为大火所毁。
②break 破坏，最普通的用语，可用于大的，小的，有形的，无形的东西，如绳、木、石、瓶、水泡、血管、习惯、沉默等：He broke the silence. 他打破了沉默。
③damage 破坏、损坏，一般指部分损坏，也可用于借喻：His furniture was damaged by fire. 他的家具被火所毁。
④ruin 毁坏、毁灭，指因暴力或疏忽的原因，以致不适于人的居住；又指房屋等待修理以致渐趋毁坏；另外，这个词多用于借喻中，一般不指具体的建筑物等的破坏：He has ruined his health through drinking. 他饮酒过多，把身体搞坏了。
detail* [‘di:teil]
（de-分开+ tail 切）
Ⅰ n. [c]
a single feature,fact, or piece of information,or many small features considered together 细节，详情：
Every detail of his report was perfect.
他报告的每个细节都很完美。
He examined the new plan down to the smallest details.
他把新计划中最琐碎的细节都检查了。
Ⅱ vt.
to give all the facts or information about sth.详述，详细：
The new boy detailed to us all the wonders he had seen in his travels.
那个新来的男孩向我们详述了他在旅行中见到的所有新奇的事。
【派】detailed adj.详细的，明细的
▲in detail 详细地
could you explain in more detail?
你能说得更详细些吗?
detect** [di’tekt] vt.
（de-去掉+ tect 盖）
to notice or discover sth., especially sth. that is not easy to see, hear etc. 发现，查出，探知，察觉，看透：
The police detected the identity of the murderer.
警方查出了凶手的身份。
The submarine was detected and destroyed.
那艘潜水艇找到后被摧毁了。
【辨】detect, find:
①detect 侦察，指探出有意隐藏的事情，又指详细观察而发现，detect 含有敏锐辨识的意义，常被用在坏的意味上：In no place could the keenest eye detect a sign of guns or men. 无论在哪，即便是最犀利的眼睛也不能察觉到枪和人的迹象。
②find 遇见，发现，最普通的用语，如在公园内遇见熟人，发现某事实，真理，事情等：I don’t find English hard to learn. 我不觉得英语难学。
detective** [di’tektiv] n.
a police officer whose job is to discover information that will result in criminals being caught 侦探
determine* [di’tə:min] vt.
（de- 加强意义+ termine 边界，约束）
1. to find out the exact details or facts about sth.决心，决定：
He firmly determined to rise in the world whatever it took.
他下定决心无论如何要出人头地。
She determined that she would never see him again.
她决心再也不要见他。
He determined the title of his new book.
他决定了新书的名称。
2. to form a firm intention to do sth. 确定，限定：
Have you determined where to go next Sunday?
你已经确定下个星期天去哪儿了吗?
【同】 decide
develop [di’veləp] v.
（de-相反+ velop 包裹）
1. vt. ＆ vi. to grow or gradually change into a larger, stronger, or more advanced state,or to make someone or sth. do this（使）发展，（使）成长：
He believed that sports can develop mind and body.
他相信运动有益于身心发展。
He developed the little store into a big department store.
他把那间小商店扩展成为一家大型百货店。
Land animals are thought to have developed from sea animals.
陆地动物被认为是由海洋动物进化而来的。
2. vt. to make a photograph out of a photographic film, using chemicals 显现，显影：
She developed the photos which she had taken in Xinjiang.
她冲洗了在新疆拍摄的照片。
3. vt. to make an argument or idea clearer,by studying it more or by speaking or writing about it in more detail 阐述，详述：
Please try to develop the idea more fully.
请将该想法更详细地说明一番。
【同】grow, improve, advance
【派】developer n.开发者
development [di’veləpmənt] n.
1. [U] the gradual growth of sth. so that it becomes bigger or more advanced 发展；进步；生长：
We encourage our staff in their development of new skills.
我们鼓励员工学习新技能。
development of sth. into sth. ...
发展成……
2. [U] （新产品或方法的）开发，研制：
His work is mainly in software development.
他的工作主要是软件开发。
3. [c] a new event or piece of news that is likely to have an effect on present situation 新事件；新情况：
Have there been any further developments in the case?
这个案子有什么新情况吗？
4. [U] （土地的）开发：
The land was sold for development.
这片土地被出售以供开发之用。
device** [di’vais] n.
1. [c] a piece of equipment intended for a particular purpose, for example for recording or measuring sth.装置，设备，仪表：
a new device for sharpening pencils 新型的削铅笔机
2. [c] a plan or trick,especially for a dishonest purpose 谋略，方法，设计：
Sending advertising by email is very successful as a marketing device.
用电子邮件发送广告是一种成功的营销手段。
devote** [di’vəut] vt.
to use your time, effort etc. in order to do sth. or help sth. be successful 奉献，致力：
She devoted herself to tennis in her teens.
她在少女时代热衷于网球。
【辨】devote, dedicate:
①devote 奉献；dedicate指形式的和外表的行为；devote指内心的行为，有时候也指把书本等题献给恩人或友人：He desired only to devote himself to study. 他只想献身于研究。
②dedicate 题献，奉献，正式的用语，如把著作题献给某人，把殿堂、神器等奉献给神：To Prof. Smith, I dedicated this volume in gratitude. 谨以此书献给史密斯教授表示感激。
★devotion [di’vəuʃən] n.[U]
great love or loyalty 献身，忠诚：
the devotion of parents to their children 父母对于子女的挚爱
His entire devotion to his pursuit gave encouragement to his colleagues.
他对于事业完全彻底的献身精神激励了他的同事们。
diagram* [‘daiəɡræm]
（dia-对，穿+ gram 画：从这边画到那边，画来画去）
Ⅰ n. [c]
a drawing or plan that shows exactly where sth. is, what sth. looks like, or how sth. works 图解，图表：
He explained the theory with a simple diagram.
他使用简单的图表说明了该理论。
Ⅱ vt.
图解，图示
dialogue [‘daiəlɔɡ] n.[c][U]
a conversation in a book, play or film 对话，对白：
a dialogue between the East and the West 东西方的对话
【同】conversation, debate
diamond** [‘daiəmənd] n.[c][U]
a very hard valuable stone that usually has no colour and is used in jewellery 钻石，金刚钻：
a diamond ring 钻戒
The diamond sparking in Mother’s ring came from a mine in South africa.
妈妈戒指上的光亮耀眼的钻石产于南非的一个金矿。
diary [‘daiəri] n.
（di-日，天+ ary 名词后缀）
a book in which you write down the things that happen to you each day 日记，日记簿：
He keeps a diary every day.
他天天写日记。
a personal diary 私人日记
dictionary [‘dikʃənəri] n.[c]
a book that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings in the same or another language 字典，词典：
an English-chinese dictionary 英汉词典
I looked up the words in the dictionary.
我在词典中查找这个单词。
a walking dictionary 活字典，知识广博的人
die [dai] vi.
1. to stop living and become dead 死亡，（植物，花朵）枯萎，凋谢：
My grandfather died in 2018.
我祖父去世于2018年。
These flowers are dying.
这些花朵渐渐地枯萎了。
2. to disappear or stop existing（渐渐）结束，（火）熄灭，（声音、光线）衰弱：
She watched her cigarette die in the ashtray.
她注视着香烟在烟灰缸中渐渐熄灭。
▲die down 渐渐消失，平息：
Half an hour later the sea died down gradually.
半小时后，大海才渐渐平息下来。
▲die off（家族，种族等）相继死亡，（草木）先后枯死：
The leaves of this plant are dying off.
这株植物的叶子正在凋落。
▲die out 消失，灭绝，绝种：
Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多旧习俗都在日渐消失中。
diet* [‘daiət] n.
1. [c] [U] the kind of food that someone eats each day（日常的）饮食，日常食物：
a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
2. [c] a limited type of food and drink that someone is allowed because they have a health problem （为了维护健康，治疗，调节体重等而）规定饮食；饮食疗法：
She is on low-fat diet.
她正在接受低脂肪的饮食疗法。
go on a diet 节食
▲be on a diet 节食：
I’m sorry, I cannot have more because I am on a diet.
很抱歉，我不能再多吃了，我在节食。
differ** [‘difə] vi.
1. to be different from sth. in quality,features etc.（与……)不同，相异：
Our opinions differ greatly from each other’s in that respect.
我们的意见在那方面有很大的出入。
2. to have different opinions 与……意见不同：
The two groups differ on/about/over where to have the meeting.
两个组在何处开会的问题上意见不一致。
difference [‘difərəns] n.
1. [c] [U] a way in which two or more things are not like each other 差别，差异，分歧：
can you see any difference between these two pictures?
你能看出这两张图画有什么不同吗？
There isn’t any difference in structure between the two machines.
这两部机器的构造没有什么差别。
2. [c] a disagreement between people 意见相左，歧见，不和，争论：
Do you think the two countries can settle their difference?
你认为那两个国家能解决彼此的纠纷吗?
【反】similarity
▲make a/no difference有/没有影响，很/不重要：
It makes a difference which you choose.
你选择哪一个，事关重大。
It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
不管他去还是不去，对我都没有影响。
different [‘difərənt] adj.
1. not like sth. or someone else, or not the same as before 不同的，相异的：
They are quite different in their tastes.
他们的品位差异很大。
city life is very different from country life.
都市生活和乡村生活是非常不同的。
2. various, several 各种的，种种的，各式各样的：
We went to different high schools.
我们分别就读于不同的高中。
I made this dress in two different colours.
这件衣服我用两种不同的颜色做了两套。
3. separate, distinct 与众不同的，特别的：
a very different way of living 非常独特的生活方式
【反】alike, same, similar
【派】differently adv.
【辨】different, various:
①different 不同的，普通的和最不定的用语：Perhaps tomorrow things may look different. 明天也许事情看起来就不一样了。
②various 各种各样的，指同一范畴内的不同种类，只和复数名词连用：I came across various people. 我碰见过各种各样的人。
difficult [‘difikəlt] adj.
（dif-不+ ficult 容易）
1. very hard to do,understand, or deal with;not easy 困难的，艰难的：
The book is difficult for children.
这本书对小孩来说很难。
I found it difficult to reach the top of the mountain.
我发现要爬到山顶很困难。
2. someone who is difficult never seems pleased or satisfied 难以取悦的，难对付的：
He is a difficult man to get along with.
他是一个难以相处的人。
【同】hard
【反】simple
【派】difficulty n.
I had hard work to persuade him.
我难以说服他。
difficulty [‘difikəlti] n.
1. [U] the state of being hard to do, understand or deal with 困难，费力，艰难：
Do you have any difficulty in understanding spoken English?
你听英语口语有无困难?
There was so much difficulty in getting everybody here in time.
使每一个人都按时到达这里相当得周折。
He did the work without any difficulty.
他毫不费力地做完了工作。
2. [c] a problem or sth. that causes trouble 难事，难做的事，难懂的事：
If you know the difficulties I am in!
你完全不知道我遭遇了何种困难!
Lin Li’s father raised difficulties when she said she wanted to marry a poor schoolteacher.
林丽说她想嫁给一个穷教员时，她父亲表示不同意。
▲in difficulties 处境困难：
That company was in financial difficulties.
那家公司处于经济困难中。
dig [diɡ] v.
(dug, dug [dʌɡ])
to move earth or make a hole in the ground using a spade or your hands 挖，掘：
It is difficult to dig the ground when it is frozen cold.
地面冻硬时不易挖掘。
They are digging through the hill to make a tunnel.
他们正在穿山凿一条隧道。
He dug a deep hole.
他挖了一个深洞。
digest** [di’dʒest] [‘daidʒest]
（di-离开+ gest 传送：溶化，运走有用的部分，吸取有用的部分）
Ⅰ v.
1. vt. ＆ vi. to change food in the stomach into a form your body can use 消化：
Some foods are digested more easily than others.
有些食物较其他的食物易于消化。
2. vt. to understand sth. after thinking about it carefully 吸收，理解：
Have you digested everything that is important in the book?
你是否透彻了解了书中每一要点?
【同】grasp, master, understand
Ⅱ n.
[c] a short piece of writing that gives the most important facts from a book, report etc.摘要，文摘：
a digest of the week’s news 一周新闻摘要
a quarterly digest of articles pertaining to space research 一本关于太空研究的季刊
digital* [‘didʒitəl] adj.
giving information in the form of numbers 数字的：
digital computer 数字计算机
dignity** [‘diɡniti] n.
1. [U] calm, serious behavior, even in difficult situations, that makes people respect you 真实价值，可尊敬的品格：
a man’s dignity depends not upon his wealth or rank but upon his character.
一个人的真正价值不在于财富或地位，而在于品格。
2. [c] the quality of being serious and formal 尊严，威严：
If you are afraid of losing your dignity, you can’t expect to learn to speak a foreign language.
如果你怕丢人，你就别指望学会说外语。
beneath one’s dignity有失尊严；有失身份
stand on/upon one’s dignity 保持尊严
dimension** [di’menʃən] n. [c]
（di-加强意义+ mens 测量+ -ion 名词后缀）
1. a measurement of space in a particular direction, such as length,height,or width 尺寸，尺度：
What are the dimensions of the room?
这房间的长、宽、高是多少米?
2. （代数）维、度（数），次元（乘积之因子数）：
x3, x2y, and xyz are of three dimensions.
x3, x2y, xyz 都是三次式。
3. a part of a situation that affects the way you think about it 方面，侧面：
Her job added a new dimension to her life.
她的工作为生活增添了新内容。
dining [‘dainiŋ] n.
the act of eating dinner 进餐
【派】dine vi.
dinner [‘dinə] n.
the main meal of the day,usually eaten in the evening [c][U]正餐，宴会：
We had quite a good dinner.
我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
We’d better cancel that dinner.
我们最好取消那次宴会。
dinosaur* [‘dainəsɔ:] n. [c]
one of many types of animal that lived in ancient times and no longer exist 恐龙
direct [di’rekt]
Ⅰ adj.
1. going straight from one place to another without stopping or changing direction 径直的，直接的：
Please tell me the most direct way to the town.
请告诉我去那城镇的最近的路线怎么走。
It happened as direct result of the accident.
此事是那次事故的直接结果。
2. saying exactly what you mean in an honest way 率直的，直截了当的，直言不讳的：
May I ask you a direct question?
我可以直截了当地问你一个问题吗?
He was very open and direct.
他很坦白直率。
3. 直系的，嫡系的：
a direct descendant 直系子孙
4. 绝对的，全然的：
Your opinion is the direct opposite of mine.
你的意见正好与我的相反。
Ⅱ adv.
without stopping or changing direction 径直地，笔直地，直行地：
I must go direct home.
我必须直接回家。
Ⅲ vt.
1. to be in charge of sth.指挥，监督，管理：
direct a company 管理一家公司
2. to give actors in a play, movie etc. instructions about what to do指挥（演奏），导演（电影），演出（戏剧）：
Who directs the orchestra in today’s concert?
今天的音乐会中，谁指挥管弦乐队呢?
3. to tell someone the way to a place指引，指点，教：
can you direct me to the post office?
你能告诉我去邮局怎么走吗?
4. to give attention, money, information etc. to a particular person, group etc.把（眼睛，注意力，努力等）集中（于……)：
He directed all his energies to the next exam.
他把所有的精力集中于下一次考试。
【辨】direct, conduct:
①direct指导，指比 conduct 更有权威的指导，如指导一国的政务，一家的事务，部下的行动等：He personally directed the nation’s foreign policy. 他亲自指导国家的外交政策。
②conduct指导，比 direct 含有较为能动的意味，又含有直接的指挥和个人指导的意味：The oldest son conducts the family’s business affairs. 长子管理着家庭事务。
direction [di’rekʃən] n.
1. [c] the way that someone or sth. is moving,facing,or aimed at 方向，方位：
He drove his car in the direction of beijing.
他把车子开向北京。
I received inquires about the matter from all directions.
我从四面八方接到了有关这件事的咨询。
2. [U] control,guidance,or advice指挥，监督，管理：
We did the work under his direction.
我们在他的指导下工作。
3. （常用复数形式） instructions given to actors and other people in a play, movie etc.指令，说明：
Follow the directions for the use of the medicine.
请遵照此药的使用说明。
★directly [di’rektli] adv.
1. only involving people or actions that are necessary 直接地，径直地：
He is directly responsible for the work.
他直接负责这项工作。
2. very soon 立刻，马上：
come here directly.
请马上来这里。
3. exactly 正好，刚好：
My house is directly opposite here.
我的房子在正对面。
director [di’rektə] n.
1. [c] someone who controls or manages a company,organization, or activity指导者，经理（公司的）董事，理事，局长：
a managing director常务理事
2. [c] someone who gives instructions to actors and other people in a movie or play 导演，导播，指挥：
Her husband is a film director.
她丈夫是个电影导演。
directory** [di’rektəri] n.[c]
a book or list of names, facts,events etc.姓名住址录，（电话）号码簿：
a telephone directory 一本电话号码本
★dirt [də:t] n.
1. [U] any substance,such as dust or mud,that makes things not clean 污物，污垢：
He washed the dirt off his car.
他把车上的污垢洗掉。
2. [U] earth or soil 泥，土：
My shoes are covered with dirt.
我的鞋子沾满了泥。
dirty [‘də:ti]
Ⅰ adj.
1. not clean 弄脏的，污秽的，不洁的：
This tie is dirty, so I’ll take it to the cleaner’s.
这条领带脏了，所以我要把它送去洗衣店洗。
2. concerned with sex in a way that is considered immoral 下流的，卑鄙的，不当的：
dirty money 不正当的钱
He played a dirty trick on me.
他对我耍了卑鄙手段。
【反】clean
Ⅱ vt.
to make sth. not clean 弄脏，沾污：
Don’t dirty your hands, Tom!
汤姆，别弄脏你的手!
【派】dirtily, adv.; dirtiness n.
disability** [9disə’biliti] n.
1. [U] the state of having a disability 无能，无力
2. [c] a physical or mental condition that makes it difficult for someone to do the things most people are able to do 残疾，残障：
Her disability doesn’t keep her from working.
她的残疾并不影响她的工作。
★disable [dis’eibl] vt.
（dis-不+ able 能够，使不能行动）
to make (a person) unable to do sth., especially to use his body properly 使残废，使成残障：
He was disabled in the accident.
他因那场事故而残废了。
an accident disabled him from playing football.
一场事故使他无法踢足球了。
disabled** [dis’eibld] adj.
1. someone who is disabled cannot use a part of his/her body properly 残疾的；伤残的：
severely disabled 严重残疾的
the disabled 残疾人（有些人认为该词具冒犯义，更愿意用 people with disabilities 来表达）
★disagree [9disə’ɡri:] vi.
（dis-不+ agree 同意）
1. to have or express a different opinion from someone else 意见不同，不一致：
My total disagreed with hers.
我的总数跟她的不一致。
She disagreed with me on that point.
对于那一点她和我意见不一致。
2. to cause bad effect on sb.（气候、食物等）对人不适合：
The climate here disagrees with me.
我不适应这儿的气候。
【反】agree
disappear [9disə’piə] vi.
（dis-不+ appear 出现）
to become impossible to see or find 不见，消失：
The sun disappeared below the horizon.
太阳沉入地平线以下。
The little dog disappeared down the road.
小狗消失在路的一端。
【同】vanish
【反】appear
【派】disappearance n.
【辨】disappear, vanish:
①disappear 消失，不见，强调不能看见：The dictionary has disappeared. 词典不见了。
②vanish 消失，意味较强的用语，指不留一点形迹地消失，可指突然地消失，也可指渐渐地消失：She vanished in the dark shadow of the cave. 她消失在洞的黑影中。
★disappoint [9disə’pɔint] vt.
1. to make someone unhappy because sth.s/he hoped for does not happen or is nor as good as expected 使失望，使沮丧：
The result disappointed me.
结果令我失望。
I know I shall disappoint you.
我知道我会使你失望的。
2. 使（计划，希望等）落空，受挫，辜负：
This accident disappointed our plans.
这个意外使我们的计划挫败了。
【同】fail
disappointed** [9disə’pɔintid] adj.
unhappy because sth. did not happen, or because sth. or someone is not as good as you hoped it would be 失望的；沮丧的：
She was disappointed that he never replied to her letter.
他从来不回她的信，她感到很失望。
I feel very disappointed at not getting the job.
我对没得到那份工作感到非常沮丧。
I’m really disappointed in you, Ruth.
我确实对你很失望，鲁斯。
▲bitterly disappointed 极其失望
disaster* [di’zɑ:stə] n.[c][U]
a sudden event such as an accident, flood or storm that causes great harm or damage 灾难，天灾：
The fire was a great disaster.
那次火灾是场大灾难。
discipline** [‘disiplin] n.
（disciple- 学徒+ -ine 名词后缀：对学徒进行的工作）
1. [U] a way of training your mind and body so that you control your actions and obey rules 训练，锻炼，修养，教养：
Military discipline is very hard.
军队的训练非常严格。
2. [U] the result of such training 纪律，教养，风纪：
They were under discipline.
他们纪律严明。
2. [U] punishment for not obeying rules 惩罚，惩戒：
The man needs discipline.
必须惩罚这个人。
3. [c] an area of knowledge or teaching 领域，学科：
both Latin and mathematics are disciplines that require an analytical approach.
拉丁语和数学都是需要用分析法的学科。
discount** [‘diskaunt]
（dis- 掉+ count 数：数掉）
Ⅰ n. [c][U]
a reduction in the usual price of sth.折扣，贴现：
We give l0% discount on cash purchases.
本店对现款购货给予九折优惠。
Ⅱ vt.
1. to reduce the price of sth.打折扣卖（商品）；把……打折扣；贴现（票据）：
The store discounts all its goods at 5%.
那家商店把全部商品都打九五折销售。
to discount 15% from the price of a car
按照汽车的价格打八五折
【派】discountable adj.可打折扣的
discover [dis’kʌvə] vt.
（dis-否定+ cover 盖上）
to find sth. that was hidden or that people did not know about before 发现，看出，察觉：
Do you know who discovered america?
你知道是谁发现美洲的吗?
I discovered an unopened letter in the drawer.
我在抽屉里发现了一封未拆开的信。
I discovered that she was a good cook.
我发现她很擅长做菜。
I discovered him to be quite trustworthy.
我发现他相当可靠。
We never discovered how he died.
我们一直不知道他是怎么死的。
discovery [dis’kʌvəri] n.
1. [c] [U] a fact,thing,or answer to a question that someone discovers 发现：
I warmly congratulated him on the marvellous discovery.
我热烈祝贺他获得了了不起的发现。
make a great discovery 完成一项大发现
2. [c] the act of finding sth. that was hidden or not known before 被发现之事物：
a new discovery in science 科学上的新发现
He made wonderful scientific discoveries.
他做出了奇妙的科学发现。
discrimination** [dis9krimi’neiʃən] n.[U]
1. the ability to judge what is of good quality and what is not 辨别，区别，区别力
2. the practice of treating one group of people differently from another in an unfair way 差别，歧视：
racial discrimination 种族歧视
discuss [dis’kʌs] vt.
（dis-加强语气+ cuss 切，震动：震裂成碎片；各种不同意见的交流）
to talk about sth. with someone in order to exchange ideas or decide sth.商讨，讨论，谈论：
I’ll discuss the problem with him later.
我打算稍后和他讨论这个问题。
We discussed how to do it and who should do it.
我们讨论要如何处理以及该由谁来处理这件事。
【同】debate, talk over
discussion [dis’kʌʃən] n.
1. [c] an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic（通常指重要的）会谈，对话：
a discussion on Internet 关于因特网的讨论
Discussions with management have broken down.
与资方的谈判已经破裂。
2. [U] the act of discussing sth., or a conversation in which people discuss sth. 讨论；商讨：
There should be wider discussion of these issues.
应该更广泛地讨论这些问题。
3. [c] an exchange of views on some topic
阐述；论述：
What follows is a discussion of the merits of each method.
以下论述的是每种方法的优点。
▲have a discussion 进行讨论
▲hold a discussion（hold discussions）举行讨论
▲be in discussion with 讨论：
They’re in discussion with a German company about a possible takeover.
他们在与一家德国公司商讨接管的可能性。
▲be under discussion 在讨论中
disease* [di’zi:z]
（dis-不+ ease 舒服）n.[c][U]
an illness or unhealthy condition that can be named 病，疾病：
He is suffering from heart disease.
他患有心脏病。
cure a disease 治疗疾病
skin disease 皮肤病
disease of society 社会的弊端
【同】illness, sickness
have a strong dislike of snakes 非常讨厌蛇
I felt dislike for the man.
我讨厌那个男人。
She spoke of him with great dislike.
她非常厌恶地谈及他。
dish [diʃ] n.
1. [c] a round container with low sides,used for holding food 盘，碟：
a meat dish 放肉的盘子
2. (the dishes)盘碟，餐具：
I washed the dishes.
我清洗了餐具。
3. [c] food cooked or prepared in a particular way 一盘菜，菜肴，食物：
a dish of ham 一盘火腿
the main dish 主菜
What is your favorite dish?
你最喜欢吃的菜是什么?
【派】dishful n.一满盘
disk** [dɪsk] n.
[c] a small piece of plastic or metal used for storing information in a computer 光盘，唱片
★dislike [dis’laik]
Ⅰ vt.
to not like someone or sth.讨厌，嫌恶：
She dislikes his way of speaking.
她讨厌他的讲话方式。
He dislikes wearing a tie.
他讨厌系领带。
I don’t dislike football.
我不讨厌足球。
Ⅱ n. [c][U]
a feeling of not liking someone or sth.厌恶，嫌恶：
dismiss** [dis’mis] vt.
1. to refuse to consider someone’s idea,opinion etc.摒弃（想法等），丢开：
He dismissed the suggestion as ridiculous.
他认为那个建议过于荒唐，不予考虑。
2. to remove someone from his/her job 把（人）解雇，解职：
Three workers were dismissed for being lazy.
三个工人因为懒惰而被解雇。
The rich man didn’t mind at all dismissing a servant from his place.
那个富人对解雇佣人一事一点儿也不在意。
3. to send someone away or allow him/her to go 使……离开，解散（集会等）：
The teacher decided to dismiss the class early.
老师决定提前下课。
4. （法律）驳回，不受理（诉讼案件等）
display** [dis’plei]
Ⅰ vt.
1. to put things where people can see them easily 展示，陈列：
The art museum is planning to display the new paintings it has bought.
那家美术馆正计划展示新购入的绘画作品。
The students’ work was displayed on the wall.
学生们的作品被展示在墙壁上。
2. to clearly show a feeling, attitude,or quality 把（感情等）显露出，把（能力等）发挥出来：
The child displayed no fear.
那小孩显得一点也不害怕。
【同】exhibit, show
Ⅱ n. [c]
陈列，展览：
The store has a large display of gifts.
那家商店展示了许多礼品。
He didn’t like the boy’s display of bad temper.
他不喜欢那孩子的脾气。
The display was tastefully arranged.
展览安排很雅致。
【同】exhibition
distance** [‘distəns] n. [c][U]（dis-离开+ tanee 站）
1. the amount of space between two places or things 距离，路程：
What is the distance from Los angeles to San Francisco?
洛杉矶到旧金山的距离有多远？
In the USa distance is measured in miles.
在美国，距离是以英里计算的。
The station is some distance away.（这里）
离车站有些距离。
2. （时间的）相隔，经过；（身份，意见等的）差异：
the distance between poverty and wealth 贫富之间的差距
【同】farness
▲in the distance 在远处：
I saw some smoke in the distance.
我看到远处有些烟。
distant** [‘distənt] adj.
far away from where you are now, or at a much different time than now 远的，久远的：
a distant town 遥远的城市
in the distant past 在往昔
The sun is very distant from the earth.
太阳距离地球相当遥远。
The station is three miles distant from our house.
车站离我们家有三英里远。
【派】distantly adv.
【辨】distant, far, remote:
①distant“远的，远隔的”，比较庄严的用语，特指科学的用语，含有距离大小的意义。可用以指空间，也可用于指时间，更常被用在比喻的意味上：She is a distant cousin of mine. 她是我的远房表妹。
②far“远的”，最单纯的用语，不仅指实际的距离，且亦用在比喻的意味上，指遥远的前途、未来、过去等：How far is it from here to Nanjing?从这到南京有多远? 另外，far是形容词，虽也有 a far country, the far future等的用法，但通常都被用来作表语：The star is far.
那颗星很遥远；far 被用作副词时，常和 distant 连用：The hill is very far distant. 那座山非常遥远。
③remote“遥远的”，可用以指场所，亦可用以指时间，却含有孤独的、不易达到的、难以达到的、不易出名的等意味：This idea is remote from my intention. 这想法和我的用意相差甚远。
distinct** [dis’tiŋkt] adj.
（dis-分开+ stinct 刺：用刺的记号分开）
1. clearly seen,heard, understood etc.明确的，清楚的，毫无疑问的：
There is a distinct smell of perfume in the room.
房间中明显有香水味道。
The photograph showed a distinct image.
照片显示出清楚的影像。
【派】distinctly adv.清楚地，显然；distinctness n.
2. clearly different or separate 截然不同的，有区别的：
Donkeys and horses are distinct animals.
驴和马是不同种的动物。
His hobbies are quite distinct from his work.
他的兴趣完全不同于他的工作。
Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other.
那两种思想截然不同。
【同】different
distinguish** [dis’tiŋɡwiʃ] vt. ＆ vi.
1. vt. ＆ vi. to recognize or understand the difference between two similar things,people etc.区分，识别，辨认：
I couldn’t distinguish between the twin brothers.
我无法分辨那对双胞胎兄弟。
Please tell me how to distinguish a poisonous snake from a harmless one.
请告诉我如何分辨毒蛇和无毒蛇。
【同】recognize, separate
2. vt. to be able to see,hear, or taste sth., even if it is difficult 清楚地看见（听见）……，能认明……：
On a clear day we can distinguish the letters on the airliners as they take off.
在晴朗的日子，班机起飞时，我们可以清楚地看见机体上的文字。
3. vt.to be the thing that makes someone or sth. different from other people or things 显示……的特征；把……和……区别：
Very long necks distinguish giraffes.
长颈鹿的特征是长着长长的脖子。
Speech distinguishes man from the other animals.
人类有别于其他动物的地方是人会说话。
4. vt.to do sth. so well that people notice you, praise you, or remember you 使（自己）扬名，引人注目，使著名：
He distinguished himself by winning four prizes.
他因赢得四个奖而出名。
【派】distinguishable adj.区别得出的，可辨别的
★distribute [dis’tribju:t] vt.
（dis-散+ tribute 给予）
1. to give sth. to each people in a large group 分配，散发，配给：
The teacher distributed the handouts to the students.
那位教师发讲义给学生们。
His property was distributed among his sons.
他的财产分配给儿子们了。
2. to spread sth. over a large area 使……分布于……，散发，把……散布：
This species of butterfly is widely distributed across our country.
这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。
His new machine distributes seeds evenly and quickly over the whole farm.
这种新机器把种子均匀而快速地撒播在整个农场。
【反】collect
【派】distributor n. 批发商，分发者
【辨】distribute, divide, share, assign:
①distribute “分配”，指“完全分给他人”，自己全然不拿：bread is distributed in loaves among the poor. 面包一条条地分给穷人。
②divide“分，分配”，有共享等的意思：a loaf of bread is divided in order to be eaten. 切开面包吃。
③share“共享”，和他人共享，即自己也取用一部分：He shares a house with three other students. 他和另外三个学生合住一所房子。
④assign“分配”，有“指定”的意思：He was assigned an important mission. 他被分配了一项重要任务。
distribution** [ˌdɪstrɪ‘bju:ʃn] n.
the act of giving sth. to each person in a large group,or supplying goods to stores or other companies 分配，分布
district** [‘distrikt] n.[c]
a particular area of city, country etc. especially an area officially divided from others 地区，行政区，地带，地域：
She lives in a different school district from mine.
她和我住在不同的学区。
an election district 选举区
an agricultural district 农业地带
the Lake District 湖区
【同】area
disturb** [dis’tə:b] vt.
1. to interrupt what someone is doing by making a noise, asking a question etc.妨碍，打扰：
The noise in the street disturbed my study.
街上的噪声干扰了我学习。
Tell me if I’m disturbing you.
如果打扰到你，请告诉我。
2. to move sth. or change its position 扰乱，搞乱：
a light wind disturbed the smooth surface of the lake.
一阵微风搅乱了平静的湖面。
3. to make someone feel worried or upset 使（人）心神不宁：
She was disturbed to hear of her mother’s sudden illness.
她获悉母亲得急病后感到心神不宁。
【同】annoy, worry, trouble, upset
【派】disturber n.打扰者；disturbance n. 打扰
dive** [daiv]
Ⅰ vi.
1. to jump into the water with your head and arms going in first 跳水：
The boy dived from the bridge into the river.
那个男孩从桥上跳入水中。
2. to swim underwater using special equipment to help you breathe 潜水，潜入水中：
They dived down for oysters.
他们潜入水中采牡蛎。
3. to go down through the air or water very quickly and suddenly（鸟，飞机）俯冲：
The plane dived steeply.
那架飞机垂直俯冲。
The falcon dived down and caught the little bird.
那只鹰俯冲下去将小鸟抓住。
4. 冲进，跑进，逃进：
The mouse dived into its hole.
那只老鼠跳进洞里。
5. 将手伸入……中：
He dived into his pocket and pulled out a quarter.
他将手伸入口袋中取出一枚25美分的硬币。
6. 全心投入，潜心研究：
He dived in the history of china.
他潜心研究中国史。
Ⅱ n. [c]
a jump into the water with your head and arms going in first 跳水，潜水，俯冲：
He made a beautiful dive.
他做了个漂亮的跳水姿势。
The policeman made a dive for the dropped weapon.
那个警察冲过去抢被打掉的武器。
The submarine made a dive for the bottom.
那只潜水艇潜到了海底。
diverse** [dai’vəs] adj.
very different from each other 不同的，互异的，多种多样的：
People of Europe speak diverse languages.
欧洲人说各种各样的语言。
My sister and I have diverse ideas on how to raise children.
关于如何教养孩子，我姐姐和我有不同的想法。
【同】different
divide [di’vaid] vt.＆ vi.
（di-离开+ vide 拿走）
1. to separate sth., or to become separated,into two or more parts 分，分开，分配，分割：
Then we divided ourselves into small groups to carry out the task.
然后我们分为小组来执行任务。
Let us divide the apple into three.
我们把苹果分成三份吧。
She divides her leisure between reading books and walking.
她将闲暇时间分别用在看书和散步上。
a low wall divides our garden from our neighbour’s.
一道低围墙隔开了我家和邻居家的庭院。
The Red Sea divides africa from asia.
红海把非洲和亚洲分开。
2. 使分裂，使对立：
The issue divided the party.
那个问题使得该政党分裂。
The leaders divided on that point.
领导们在那个观点上意见分歧。
3. to calculate how many times one number is contained in a larger number 做除法，除开，除尽：
5 divides into l5.
5能除尽15。
【反】unite
division** [di’viʒən] n.
1. [c] [U] the act of dividing sth. into two or more parts or groups, or the way that it is divided 分割，区分；分配：
the division of labor 分工
make a fair division of the profits 将利润公平分配
They couldn’t agree upon the division of their family farm.
关于如何分割家里的地，他们不能取得一致意见。
2. [c] 部门，科，类，属等：
I think he works for a division of the company.
我想他在那家公司的某个部门工作。
3. [U] the process of calculating how many times a small number will go into a larger number 除法：
Thirty divided by three is a simple division.
30除以3是道简单的除法。
4. [c] a line that divides sth.间隔，隔墙，分界线：
The river forms the division between the two cities.
那条河成为两个城市的分界线。
5. [c] [U] a disagreement among members of a group 分裂，（意见等的）不一致，分歧，不和：
a division of opinions in the party 党内的意见分歧
【同】separation, section
★divorce** [di’vɔ:s] vt.＆ vi.
（di-离开，分开）
1. the legal ending of a marriage 和……离婚，使……离婚，离婚：
She divorced her husband two years ago.
她和她的丈夫两年前离婚了。
He got divorced from his wife last month.
他上个月和妻子离婚了。
The court divorced them.
法院宣布他们离婚。
They decided to divorce.
他们决定离婚。
2. to separate two ideas, values, organizations etc.使……分离：
He divorced himself from the party.
他脱离了该党。
【同】separation
【派】divorcement n.
dizzy** [‘dizi] adj.
having a feeling of not being able to balance yourself, especially after spinning around or because you feel sick 头晕目眩的，使（人）困惑的：
She felt slightly dizzy.
她点得头有点晕。
do [du] v.
1. vt. ＆ vi. to perform and finish a particular activity or job 做……，干，实行：
Tell me what to do.
告诉我要做什么事。
can I do anything for you?
有什么我可以效劳的吗?
You do the cooking and I’ll do the washing.
你来烧饭，我来洗衣服。
2. vt. to study a particular subject in a school or university 做……工作，从事……职业，研究……学问：
Tell me what he does.
告诉我他是做什么的。
What do you do for a living?
你的职业是什么?
He does classics at Harvard University.
他在哈佛大学研究古典文学。
3. to spend a period of time doing sth. 花用，度过（一段时间做某事）：
He did three years in the army.
他在陆军服了3年兵役。
She did a year backpacking around the world.
她用了一年时间在世界各地背包旅行。
4. vt. to make someone feel better, more cheerful etc.带来（益处，害处），给予：
crying does no good.
哭无济于事。
This remedy will do you some good.
这种药物对你会有好处的。
Will you do me a favor to change the note?
你能否帮我换开这张钞票?
5. vt. to talk about tasks such as cleaning,washing, arranging etc.处理，洗涤，打扫，整理：
I’ll do the dishes, Mummy.
妈妈，我来洗盘子。
The flowers are done very beautifully.
那些花儿插得很漂亮。
You take such a long time to do your face.
你化妆的时间真长呀！
6. vt.＆ vi. to be enough or a acceptable （对人）足够，满足需要，（对于人）有帮助：
Ten dollars will do (me) until payday.
10美元能让我支撑到发薪日。
Will that do or do you need more?
那样就够了吗?还是你需要更多一点?
7. vi. to ask or talk about the success or progress of sb./sth.做事，生活；（事情）进行：
How are you doing on the new job?
你的新工作顺利吗?
She is doing very well at school.
她在学校成绩很好。
I did quite badly in the last examination.
上次的考试我考得非常不好。
8. vt. to perform or produce a play, an opera, etc.演出（戏剧等）；扮演（角色）：
Our class is doing The Merchant of Venice tomorrow.
我们班明天将演出《威尼斯商人》一剧。
He did the main character in the play.
他在那出戏中饰演主角。
9. vt. to produce or make sth.制造，做……：
He is doing a biography of the statesman.
他正在写那位政治家的传记。
10. vt. to travel a particular distance 走过（某距离），前进，行进：
We did l00 kilometers in two hours.
我们两个小时前进了一百公里。
This car does 10 kilometers to a liter.
这辆车一升油可行驶十公里。
11. vt. to visit a place as a tourist 参观（某场所），观光旅行：
He did Europe on l00 dollars a day.
他欧洲旅行一天花了一百美元。
12. vt. to deal with or attend to sb./sth. 对待，招待，照料：
The barber will do you next.
下一位轮到你理发。
They do you quite well at that hotel.
那家旅馆招待得很周到。
13. used with another verb to form questions 构成疑问句：
Do I still have to stay in bed? I feel all right now.
我仍需要躺在床上吗?我已经好了。
Does he play basketball well?
他篮球打得好吗?
14. used with another verb to form negatives 构成否定句：
I don’t understand you.
我不了解你。
It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.
他来不来无所谓。
15. 用来强调句中动词：
You do look nice today.
你今天看起来真漂亮。
She does like singing.
她的确喜欢唱歌。
16. 用在倒装句中：
Not only did we go to Paris but we also visited Rome.
我们不仅去了巴黎，也游览了罗马。
17. 为了避免前面动词（短语）之间重复而使用：
He can cook as well as she does.
他的烹调技术和她的一样好。
“Have you written to her yet?” “Yes, I did yesterday.”
“你已经写信给她了吗?” “是的，昨天写了。”
【辨】do, perform:
①do“做”，最普通的用语：It was no sooner said than done.
说了就做。
② perform“做”，比 do 较为正式的用语，特指长期努力直至达到目的为止：I have a task to perform. 我有一项任务要完成。
▲do away with 废除，去掉：
This sort of thing should be done away with.
这种事情应该废除。
▲do without 没有……也行：
bread is a thing we can’t do without.
面包是我们不能缺少的东西。
▲have nothing to do with 和……毫无关系：
He will have nothing more to do with my decision to teach English.
他对我教英语的决定毫无关系。
▲have sth. to do with 和……有点关系：
He had sth. to do with my decision to teach English.
他对我教英语的决定起了点作用。
▲make do（with sth.)/make (sth.) do（口）凑合着用（某物）：
We will have to make do with paper plate.
我们只能凑合着用纸盘了。
doctor [‘dɔktə] n.[c]
someone whose job is to treat people who are sick 博士，医生，医师，修理员：
You should see a doctor at once.
你应该马上去看医生。
Doctor Smith receives calls from 9: 00 to 11: 00.
史密斯大夫应诊时间是从9点到11点。
a doctor’s degree 博士学位
a doctor of law 法学博士
【派】doctorship n.博士学位
document* [‘dɔkjumənt] n.[c]
（docu-教+ ment 名词后缀：教给，通知，通知某事的材料）
a piece of paper that has official information written on it 公文，文件，文献：
Let me see all the office documents concerning the sale of this land.
让我看看和这块土地的出售有关的所有官方文件。
historical document 历史文献
diplomatic documents 外交文件
write out a document 撰写文件
fill up a document 填写文件
【同】statements
【派】documental adj.公文的，文件的
★documentary [9dɔkju’mentəri]
Ⅰ adj.
consisting of or written on documents 文献的，文件的，依据文件的：
documentary proof 文件证明
a documentary bill 单汇票
a documentary film 纪录影片
a documentary theatre 纪实戏剧
Ⅱ n.
a movie or television program that gives facts and information on sth.纪录节目，纪录影片：
We saw a documentary about Yorkshire coal miners.
我们看了一部关于约克郡煤矿工人的纪录片。
dog [dɔɡ] n.[c]
1. 狗，雄犬：
a police dog 警犬
I keep a dog.
我养了一条狗。
2. 雄兽：
a dog wolf 公狼
dollar [‘dɔlə] n.[c]
美元：
earn an honest dollar 赚取正当金钱
I have twenty dollars on me.
我身上有二十美元。
dolphin* [‘dɔlfin] n.[c]
海豚
domain** [də’mein] n.[c]
1. the range of things that are included in a particular subject, type of art, or activity（国家的） 领地，领土；（私人的）领地，势力范围，所有地：
britain conquered many countries and controlled them as their domains for political and economic development.
英国征服了很多国家作为自己的政治和经济发展的领地。
2. an area of activity or knowledge; especially one that sb. for is responsible （活动、思想等）领域，范围：
I can not answer your question about chemistry, it is not in my domain.
我回答不了你的化学问题，那不是我研究的范围。
domestic** [də’mestik] adj.
（dom 房子+ -es+ -tic 形容词后缀）
1. relating to family relationships and life at home 家庭的，家里的：
He has had a good many domestic trouble.
他有许多家庭纠纷。
【同】family
2. happening within one country and not involving any other countries 本国的：
a good newspaper published both domestic and foreign news.
好的报纸既发国内新闻也发国际新闻。
【同】native
3. (of animals) kept on farms or as pets; not wild 驯养的：
cows and dogs are domestic animals.
牛和狗是家畜。
domestic birds 家禽
dominate** [‘dɔmineit] v.
（dom 控制+ -in + -ate 动词后缀）
1. vt.＆ vi.to have power and control over someone or sth.支配，威迫，控制：
His wife dominated him.
他的妻子支配着他。
a great man dominate others by force of character.
一个伟人可以用人格的力量控制住他人。
【同】command, control, direct, govern
2. vt. to be the most important feature of sth.占优势：
arsenal dominated the first half of the match.
阿森纳队上半场比赛占上风。
3. vt. 俯视，高耸于……之上：
The castle dominated the whole town.
那座城堡俯瞰全城。
【派】domination n.控制，统治；dominator n.支配者，统治者，占优势者
donate* [dəu’neit] vt. ＆ vi.
to give sth. useful to a person or organization that needs help 捐；赠：
Many big companies donate to political parties.
许多大公司向政党捐款。
Would you be willing to donate some of your time to local charities?
你愿意抽出一部分时间为当地慈善机构服务吗？
door [dɔ:] n.[c]
1. 门，户，门扉：
There’s someone at the door.
门口有人。
Remember to lock the door.
记得锁门。
2. 一户，门面：
My uncle lives only a few doors away.
我的叔叔就住在不远处的一家。
a famous actress lives next door to us.
有一位著名的女明星住在我们家隔壁。
3. the space made by an open door（往……之）道，关口：
a door to success 成功之道
▲out ofdoors 在户外：
We couldn’t wait to go out of doors again after the long winter.
经过漫长的冬天后，我们迫不及待地想再到户外去。
doorway [‘dɔ:wei] n.
the space where the door opens into a room or building 门口，大门口，出入口：
He was standing in the doorway.
他站在门口。
dormitory** [‘dɔ:mitəri] n.[c]
（学校、军营等的）寝室，宿舍
double [‘dʌbl]
Ⅰ adj.
1. twice the usual amount or size 双的，两倍的：
I paid double the price.
我付了两倍的价钱。
The population of the town is double what it was then.
这座城镇的人口是当时的两倍。
2. combining two things or qualities 双重的，双关的：
a double character 双重人格
The word has a double meaning.
这个词有双重语义。
Ⅱ v.
1. vt. ＆ vi. to become twice as large or twice as much 使……增一倍，变成两倍：
He doubled his income in five years.
他五年内收入增加了一倍。
Sales doubled this year.
今年销售额增加了一倍。
2. vt. to mend or fold sth. so that there are two layers 把……对折，折叠：
double a sheet of paper 把一张纸对折
Ⅲ adv.
1. 两倍地，加倍地：
pay double 双倍付钱
2. 双重地，双份地：
ride double on a motor bike
两人共骑一辆摩托车
Ⅳ n.
1. [U] sth. that is twice the size, quality, value,or strength of sth. else 二倍，加倍：
Six is the double of three.
六是三的两倍。
2. [c] someone who looks very similar to someone else 酷似某人；（电影等的）替身，兼角色演员：
She is the double of her mother.
她酷似她的母亲。
doubt [daut]
Ⅰ n.
[c] [U] the feeling of being unable to trust or believe in someone or sth.怀疑，疑惑；不确定：
I have some doubt about his words.
对于他的话是否真实我有些怀疑。
There is no doubt of his success.
毫无疑问，他一定会成功。
There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job.
他是否是担任那项工作的最合适人选，这有点疑问。
【同】uncertainty
Ⅱ vt.
to think that sth. may not be true 怀疑，疑惑，不相信：
I doubt the truth of the news.
我怀疑这条新闻的真实性。
I doubt whether he can keep his word.
我怀疑他是否会遵守诺言。
I don’t doubt that our team will win.
我们队获胜是毫无疑问的。
【派】doubtable adj.可疑的，令人怀疑的；doubter n.持怀疑态度的人，不信宗教的人；doubting adj.抱怀疑态度的
【辨】doubt, suspect
①doubt “怀疑”，对于事的真伪、将来的事和人的成功等的怀疑用 doubt: I doubt his honesty. 我怀疑他的诚实。在动词 doubt 之后如用 but，则 but 和 that 意义相同：I do not doubt but he is ill. 我不怀疑他病了。
②suspect“猜疑”，设想某人有欺诈、私通或犯罪的嫌疑时，通常用 suspect 表示：I suspect some falsehood in what he says. 我怀疑他的话中有些虚假。
▲no doubt 怀疑，必定：
He is clever, no doubt, but he is cold, too.
他确实很聪明，但是他也很冷漠。
★doubtful [‘dautful] adj.
probably not true or not likely to happen 怀疑的，可疑的，含糊的：
I am doubtful whether I should tell the story to her.
我在犹豫是否该告诉她那番话。
It is doubtful whether the old man will recover from the operation.
难以确定那位老人手术后是否会康复。
【同】uncertain, suspicious
【反】positive
★dove [dəuv] n.
鸽子：
Doves are signs of peace.
鸽子是和平的象征。
down [daun]
Ⅰ adv.
1. from above a place or position toward a lower place or position 向下，下降：
She took the box down from the shelf.
她取下架子上的箱子。
He bent down to kiss the little girl.
他俯身去亲那个小女孩。
2. 包含：
He discussed the subject from the main points down to the minutest details.
他从最重要的要点到最细的细节阐述了这一问题。
3. 由大到小，由高到低：
Please turn the radio down.
请把收音机的音量开小。
Prices are coming down.
物价正在下跌。
He went down in the world.
他穷困潦倒了。
4. 平抑下去，压制住：
The dictator used the police and army to keep the people down.
独裁者使用警察和军队压制人民。
5. unhappy and sad（健康）衰退地，（精神上）消沉地，处于低落状态：
He is badly down, we’d better have a heartto-heart talk with him.
他情绪很不好，我们最好跟他谈谈心。
Ⅱ prep.
1. 向下，往……的下方：
The children ran down the hill.
小孩们跑下山。
She fell down the stairs and hurt herself.
她从楼梯上跌下来受了伤。
2. 沿着：
The boy’s ball was rolling down the road.
那个小男孩的球沿着路滚了过去。
She walked down the street window-shopping.
她一边沿着大街走，一边逛商店。
download* [‘daunləud] vt.
to move information from one part of a computer system to another,or from one computer to another using a modern（计）下载：
You can download this software for free.
你可以免费下载这个软件。
downstairs* [‘daunstɛəz]
Ⅰ adv.
顺楼梯而下，在楼下，往楼下：
We went downstairs to have breakfast.
我们到楼下吃早餐。
Ⅱ adj.
楼下的，一楼的：
a downstairs room 楼下的房间
Ⅲ n.
楼下，一楼
downtown* [ˌdaun‘taun]
Ⅰ adv.
to or in the business center of a city or town
在（或往）城市的商业区：
I went downtown to do some shopping today.
我今天到商业区购物。
He lives downtown.
他住在闹市区。
Ⅱ adj.
中心区的，商业区的，闹市区的：
Most of the shops are in the downtown area.
大多数商店都集中在市商业区地带。
Ⅲ n. [c]
中心区，商业区：
Workers live in the downtown and most of them also work there.
工人们住在市商业区，而且大多也在那里工作。
dozen** [‘dʌzn] n.
a group of twelve of tae same thing 一打，十二个
▲dozens of 许多
draft** [drɑ:ft]
Ⅰ n. [c]
1. a preliminary sketch of a design or picture 底稿，草稿，草图：
The plan is in draft.
那计划正在草拟中。
He had painfully written out a first draft.
他费力地写出了第一稿。
【同】diagram, outline
2. a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle)穿堂风，通风，通风装置：
There is a draft in this room.
这房间有一股风灌进来。
3. 汇票，汇款单，支票：
pay by draft 以支票支付
Ⅱ vt.
to draw up an outline or a sketch for sth. 草拟，起草，打草图：
can you draft out a plan for us?
你能给我们草拟一个计划吗?
【派】drafter n.起草人
drag** [dræɡ] v.
1. vt. to draw slowly or heavily 拖曳，拖动，拉（重物）：
We dragged the carpet out of the room.
我们把那张地毯拖出了房间。
He dragged the table into the corner.
他把那张桌子拖到了角落。
2. vi. to move slowly on the ground（东西）在地上拖着：
The bride’s dress dragged behind her.
新娘的礼服在她背后拖曳着。
3. vt. to force into some kind of situation,condition, or course of action 硬拖，拉进：
She dragged her child to the dentist’s.
她强拉着她的孩子到牙科诊所去。
4. vi. move slowly and as if with great effort 慢吞吞地进行，磨蹭地拖延：
The discussion dragged on.
那项讨论会拖拖拉拉地进行着。
【辨】drag, draw, pull:
①drag“拖”，有迟缓地，笨重地拖或拉的意味，指牵引有强大的抵抗力的东西，因而比 draw 更需要大的努力：Drag the chair over here so I can stand on it. 把椅子拉过来，我好站上去。
②draw“引，拉，拖”，一般用语，动作较从容，常被用作比喻的意味，例如吸引注意，演说吸引听众等：May I draw your attention please? 请注意了。
③pull“拉，吸引”，不管力的大小如何，但总要用些拉的力，故含有力，努力，突然的冲动等的意味：Things fall to the Earth because the Earth pulls them to it as a magnet pulls needles. 物体落回地球，因为地球吸引它们，正如磁铁吸引针一样。
dragon* [‘dræɡən] n.
龙：
a dragon is an imaginary animal.
龙是人们想象出来的动物。
drama** [‘drɑ:mə] n.
1. [c] a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage 剧本，戏剧，戏曲：
a poetic drama 诗剧
a TV drama 电视剧
He has written a historical drama.
他写了一部历史剧。
2. [c] [U] 戏剧性事件或场面：
The history of space exploration is an exciting drama.
太空探险的历史是一个令人兴奋的戏剧性事件。
dramatic** [drə’mætik] adj.
suitable to or characteristic of drama 戏剧的，戏剧性的：
It was the practice of the club to give dramatic performance during the summer.
这个俱乐部经常在夏天参加戏剧演出。
【派】dramatically adv.从戏剧角度，戏剧性地
draw [drɔ:] v.
（drew[dru:]; drawn [drɔ:n]）
1. to make a picture of sth. with a pencil or a pen 画，描绘，描述：
He drew a straight line with a pencil.
他用铅笔画出一条直线。
Shakespeare draws his characters very well.
莎士比亚擅长人物描写。
2. 拉上，拖拉：
She drew the chair up to the table.
她把椅子拉到餐桌旁。
He drew his daughter to him and kissed her.
他把女儿拉到身旁亲吻了她。
3. 抽出，取出，引出：
He drew the knife from its sheath.
他把刀鞘里的刀抽了出来。
They drew water from the well.
他们从井里打水出来。
4. 把……拉近，激起……，吸引：
The film drew large audiences.
那部电影吸引了一大批的观众。
He drew my attention to the point I had overlooked.
他要我注意我疏忽的地方。
5. 引出：
They even drew the same conclusion.
他们甚至得出了相同的结论。
6. to move in a particular direction（以一定的速度）移动，（时间）迫近：
The horse drew ahead of the others.
那匹马超越了其他所有的马。
Summer is drawing to a close.
夏天快过去了。
▲draw in（火车，汽车）到站：
The car drew in.
汽车到了。
▲draw up
①定出，画出，草拟：Draw up a list of the guests for the dinner. 写出赴宴客人的名单。
②停住：The car drew up at the traffic lights. 汽车在交通指示灯处停了下来。
drawer** [drɔ:(r)] n.[c]
抽屉：
You will find it in the bottom drawer.
你会在底层抽屉里找到它的。
He forgot to lock the drawer.
他忘了锁抽屉。
dream [dri:m]
Ⅰ n. [c]
a series of thoughts, pictures, and feelings you have when you are asleep 梦，梦想，幻想：
I had a strange dream last night.
我昨晚做了一个怪梦。
It has long been his dream to sail across the Pacific in a year.
乘游艇横渡太平洋是他多年的梦想。
She realized her dream of becoming an actress.
她实现了当女演员的梦想。
Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.
to think about sth. that you would like to happen 做梦，梦见，梦想，幻想，想象：
I often dreamed of becoming a statesman.
我时常梦想成为一位政治家。
I never dreamed that I should see you here.
我从未想到会在这里遇见你。
【派】dreamer n.做梦的人，空想家，梦想家；dreamful adj.多梦的，常做梦的；dreamless adj.无梦的，不做梦的
▲dream up to 想象出，虚构出：
dream up to a plan 凭空想出一个计划
dress [dres]
Ⅰ n.
1. [U] clothing in general 服装，衣服：
She was in special dress for the ceremony.
她穿着特别的服装参加典礼。
He is conservative in his dress.
他衣着很保守。
2. [c] 女服，童装：
She was wearing a silk dress.
她穿着一件丝绸的礼服。
【同】clothes, clothing, suit
Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.
1. to put on clothes 穿衣，给……穿上衣服：
She dressed her baby.
她给婴儿穿上衣服。
The lady was dressed in white at the party.
那位女士在晚会上穿着一套白色衣服。
He dressed well/badly.
他穿着得体/寒酸。
2. to put on formal clothes 穿正式衣服，盛衣：
Do we have to dress for the opera?
我们到剧院去一定要盛装打扮吗?
3. to wear a particular type or style of clothes 穿……的衣服：
Dress warmly if you’re going out for a walk.
如果你出去散步要穿得暖和些。
【反】undress
【辨】dress, put on, wear:
①dress“盛装，穿着”，特指参加晚餐会、舞会等特殊场合的盛装，有时表穿着的动作，但其后不接宾语；有时表示常常穿着的状态：He must dress in uniform at school. 他在学校必须穿制服。
②put on“穿”，表示穿的动作，和 put on 不同，put on 不仅可以用来指穿着衣服而且还可用来指穿戴帽子、鞋子等：Rising from the table he put on his hat and went out. 他从桌边站起来，戴上帽子，走了出去。
③wear“穿着”，put on是拿衣服来穿的意思，wear是常常穿着的意思，所以常用来表示状态：We wear straw hats in summer. 我们在夏天戴草帽。
▲dress up 盛装，使盛装，打扮，使打扮：
We dressed up for the wedding.
我们为参加婚礼而盛装打扮。
drill** [dril]
Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi.
1. to make a hole with a drill 在……钻孔，打洞：
drill a hole in the wall 在墙上打洞
2. to teach soldiers or students sth. by repeating the same exercise, lesson etc.many times 训练，重复训练，反复练习：
drill troops 操练军队
【同】train, exercise
Ⅱ n.
1. [c]锥子，钻孔机，穿孔机：
make a hole in a board with a drill 用钻孔机在木板上打洞
I need a drill to make a hole for the rod.
我需要一个钻孔器给这根杆钻个洞。
2. [c] 练习，操练：
Various types of question-and-answer drills are of great value.
各种各样的问答练习是很有价值的。
The soldiers were at drill in the square.
士兵们正在广场上操练。
【同】practice, training, exercise
drink [driŋk]
Ⅰ vi. ＆ vt. (drank, drunk)
to pour a liquid into your mouth and swallow it 饮，喝，饮酒：
can I have sth. to drink?
可不可以给我些喝的?
We drank from the stream.
我们喝了些溪水。
He drank the glass dry.
他把整杯都喝干了。
He drank so much that he couldn’t stand.
他酒喝得太多，站都站不起来了。
Ⅱ n. [c][U]
the liquid that you drink, or an amount of liquid that you drink 饮料：
We have plenty of bottled drinks.
我们有充足的瓶装饮料。
Milk is a good drink for health.
牛奶是有益健康的饮料。
【派】drinker n.酒徒
drive [draiv] vt. ＆ vi.
(drove [drəuv], driven [‘drivən])
1. to make a car, bus etc. move and control where it goes 驾驶，驱赶：
Is it difficult to drive a bus?
开公共汽车很难吗?
They drove to the station.
他们开车去车站。
They drove the enemy out of their country.
他们把敌人从国土上赶了出去。
2. to travel in a car or take someone somewhere by car 用车送人，载人：
My father drove me to the airport.
父亲开车送我去机场。
3. to make people, animal,or an activity move somewhere 把……推动，移动：
The strong wind drove the ship upon the rocks.
狂风将船吹到了礁石上。
The rain was driving against the windows.
雨点猛打在窗户上。
4. to strongly influence someone to do sth. 逼迫，迫使：
The death of her son drove her mad.
儿子的死逼得她发疯了。
【派】driver n.[c] 驾驶员，司机，驱赶者
driver ['draivə] n.[c]
1. someone who drives a car, bus etc. 驾驶员，司机：
a taxi driver 出租车司机
2. a piece of software that makes a computer work with another piece of equipment such as a printer or a mouse 驱动（软件）
drop [drɔp]
Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi.
1. to suddenly or accidentally let go of sth.you are holding or carrying so that it falls 落下，使落下，掉落：
The dish dropped to the floor.
盘子掉在了地上。
It was so quiet that you might hear a pin drop.
安静得连针掉在地上都能听得见。
2. to fall or descend to a lower place or level 下降，下跌，衰弱：
Prices will drop within a year.
物价一年之内会下降。
His voice dropped to a whisper.
他降低了声音，轻轻耳语。
3. 失落：
I dropped my wallet.
我丢了钱包。
4. （人）突然倒下，坐下：
He was ready to drop with fatigue.
他疲劳得快要倒下去了。
drop into a chair 一屁股坐在椅子上
5. 戒掉，革除，结束：
He has dropped smoking.
他已戒烟了。
Shall we drop the subject?
我们不谈这件事了好吗?
【同】stop, give up, get rid of
Ⅱ n.
1. [c] a shape that is spherical and small 滴，水滴：
Drops of melted snow froze and formed the icicle.
融解的雪滴冻结成冰柱。
He drank to the last drop.
他喝得一滴都不剩。
2. [c] a sudden sharp decrease in some quantity 落下，下降：
The plane made a sudden drop in altitude.
那架飞机突然下降。
There is a drop of 100 feet from the bridge to the water.
从桥到水面的距离为一百英尺。
3. [c] 少量，微量：
He has not a drop of conscience.
他没有一点良心。
▲drop by/in on 顺便拜访：
I’ll drop by later when I’m free.
我以后有空再来拜访。
▲drop off 逐渐减少：
My interest in the work has dropped off.
我对工作的兴趣已逐渐减少了。
▲drop out 退出：
He dropped out of college.
他大学半途辍学了。
One of his teeth had dropped out.
他有一颗牙齿掉了。
drought* [draut] n.
旱灾；干旱（时期），旱季；（长期的）缺乏；枯竭
drug** [drʌɡ]
Ⅰ n.
1. [c] a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic 麻醉药，（有害的）药物，药：
The doctor prescribed a new drug for his patient.
这位大夫给他的病人开了一种新药。
2. [c] 毒品：
They immediately banned the drug.
他们立即禁止了这种毒品。
Ⅱ vt.
下麻药：
The patient was drugged before the operation.
手术前，那个病人被打了麻药。
dry [drai]
Ⅰ adj.
1. free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet 干的，干燥的：
This can will keep coffee dry.
这个罐子可保持咖啡干燥。
2. 不下雨的，干旱的：
It has been dry for three months.
已三个月没有下雨了。
3. thirsty 口渴的，令人口渴的：
My throat was dry because of talking too much.
我因说话太多而口渴。
Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.
to remove the moisture and make sth. dry 使干燥，晒干，使脱水，风干：
I dried my clothes by the heater.
我用暖炉烘干了衣服。
The shirt will soon dry in the sun.
衬衫在阳光下很快就可以晒干。
duck [dʌk] n.[c]
鸭，鸭肉
due* [dju:] adj.
1. owed and payable immediately or on demand 应该付的，当付的：
The balance due to us from you is l00 dollars.
你应该付给我们的余额是一百美元。
He didn’t pay the rent which was due.
他房租到期了，却未付租金。
2. owed to sb. because it is their right or because they have done sth. to deserve it 应归于，应给予：
Our thanks are due to the whole team.
我们要向全队致谢。
3. expected to happen or arrive at a particular time 预定的，预期发生的：
The team are due to fly to Italy next month.
该球队预定下个月飞往意大利。
▲due to 由于，因为：
She has been absent from school due to illness.
她因病没去上学。
due to [dju:tu:] prep.
because of something 因为，由于，归于：
The restaurant’s success was due largely to its new manager.
这家饭馆的成功主要归于其新任经理。
dumpling [‘dʌmpliŋ] n. [c]
汤圆；水饺；水果点心；水果布丁
duration** [dju‘reiʃn] n.[U]
（dur 持续+ -ation 名词后缀）
during [‘djuəriŋ] prep.
all the time that sth. is happening 在……期间，在……的整个时间：
She kept on talking during the meal.
整个用餐期间她讲个不停。
Mr. Smith phoned you during your absence.
你不在时，史密斯先生曾打过电话给你。
dust** [dʌst] [U]
Ⅰ n.
1. the fine powder of dirt that forms in buildings, on furniture, floors, etc.灰尘，尘埃：
brush the dust off the table.
把桌子上的灰尘掸去。
The book was covered with dust.
那本书蒙着灰尘。
2. the fine powder that consists of very small pieces of sand, earth, etc.沙尘，尘土：
the dust raised by a car 汽车扬起的尘土
【同】dirt, earth, soil
Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.
to clear of dust by wiping and clearing furniture, a room etc.除去灰尘，擦灰：
Please dust the desk thoroughly.
请将桌上的灰尘彻底打扫干净。
【同】clean, polish, wipe
duty* [‘dju:ti] n. [c] [U]
1. what one must do either because of one’s job or because one thinks it is right; moral obligation 责任，义务，本分：
It’s our duty to obey the laws.
遵守法律是我们的义务。
He has fully performed his duties as manager of the sales department.
他当营业部经理非常尽职。
2. tax 税：
customs duties 关税
customs duties are paid on goods entering the country.
进入这个国家的商品要付关税。
▲off duty 下班：
When they came off duty they would come to see the child.
他们下班后会来看孩子的。
▲on duty 值班，上班：
He goes on duty at 8 a.m. and comes off duty at 5 p.m.
他上午八点上班，下午五点下班。
dynamic** [dai’næmik]
Ⅰ adj.
1. full of or producing power and activity 充满活力的，精力充沛的，个性强的：
We’re looking for someone positive and dynamic.
我们想找一个积极、有活力的人。
2. changing all time 不断变化/增长/发展的：
a relationship between two people is a dynamic process.
两个人的关系在不断发展。
Ⅱ n.
1. [c] 动力：
There is a very supportive dynamic between the members of the group.
组员们之间相互支持，相互鼓励。
2. dynamics 动力学
dynasty** [‘dainəsti] n.[c]
a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family 王朝：
the Tang Dynasty 唐朝