Chapter 05 补足语

专题速递

^①Charles was called sluggard by his neighbors.^②He never washed his face.^③So his face was always black.^④The door of his house was always left unlocked.^⑤One night, a thief was seen to slip into his house by him.^⑥But he was too lazy to get up.^⑦After half an hour, the thief was going to slip away.^⑧Charles said to the thief: "Please leave with the door closed."^⑨His words made the thief frightened.^⑩He thought he was found by the owner.Then he left the things and ran away quickly.查尔斯被他的邻居们称为“懒汉”。他从不洗脸。所以，他的脸一直都是黑的。他的门从来没有锁过。一天夜里，他看见一个贼溜进他的房子里。但是他太懒了不想起床。半个小时后，小偷正打算溜出去，查尔斯对他说：“你离开的时候把门关上。”他的话让小偷很害怕。小偷想到自己被房主发现了。于是他丢下东西，快速逃跑了。

第一句是名词sluggard作主语补足语；第四句是过去分词unlocked作主语补足语；第五句是不定式to slip作主语补足语；第九句是过去分词frightened作宾语补足语。

补足语是用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明的，因此可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语两大类。

重点解析1 主语补足语

名词作主语补足语

常见的后接名词作主语补足语的动词有：elect、call、name、make、find、leave等。

· The little girl is called sweet by her parents.这个小女孩被她的父母叫作“甜心”。

· The island is named Volcanic Island.这座岛被命名为“火山岛”。

· She left hometown a middle school drop-out eight years ago, but came back a successful businesswoman. 8年前她离开家乡时是个初中辍学生，但回来的时候已是一名成功的女企业家。

· Tom was elected monitor.汤姆被推选为班长。

形容词作主语补足语

后面常接形容词用作主语补足语的动词有keep、make、paint、cut、burn、beat、wash、find、 consider、wipe等，且经常用在被动句中。

· The paper was painted pink by the child.纸被孩子涂成了粉色。

· The old man was found dead in his own room.这个老人被发现死在了自己的房间里。

· These dishes were washed clean by the waiter.这些餐具被服务员洗干净了。

· Tired and sleepy, he finally completed the task. 他终于完成了任务，又累又困。

分词作主语补足语

后面接分词用作主语补足语的动词有see、watch、hear、feel、look at、imagine等。

· He was seen playing basketball on the playground.他被看见正在操场上打篮球。

· Nancy was heard reading a book in the classroom.南希被听见正在教室里读书。

· The car was found lost by the owner.主人发现车丢了。

· The door was left unlocked.门没锁。

语法补遗

★分词作主语补足语时，若主语与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词；如果主语与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词。

· The window was found broken. (主语the window与主语补足语broken之间是被动关系)窗户被打碎了。

· She was seen reading. (主语she与主语补足语reading之间是主动关系)

她被看见在读书。

不定式作主语补足语

后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语的通常是感官动词：see、watch、hear、notice、feel、look、listen to等。

· He was seen to go out.他被看见出门了。

· The man is watched to repair the machine.那个人被监视着修理机器。

· The birds were noticed to move by the researcher.研究者在观察鸟类的迁徙。

语法补遗

★在“主语+谓语+宾语+补语”的句式中，当谓语是感官动词的时候，补语既可以是分词也可以是不定式。分词强调的是动作，不定式强调的是过程。在主动语态中，不定式的to可以省去，但在被动语态中，to不可以省去。

· I saw him waiting at the bus stop. (强调“我看见他正在等车”这个动作)

我看见他正在车站等车。

· I saw him wait at the bus stop. (强调“我看见他在等车”这个过程)

我看见他在车站等车。

· He was seen to wait at the bus stop. (在被动语态中，to不可以省去)

他被看见在车站等车。

介词短语做主语补足语

· The books were put on the bookshelf.这些书被放到了书架上。

· The lost boy was found in the wardrobe.这个走失的男孩在衣柜里被发现了。

· The pen was found under the bed.在床底下找到了这支笔。

· The house was built near the park.这座房子被建在公园旁边。

“形容词+动词不定式”作主语补足语 (该类形容词多表示情感)

· He was sad to hear that.听到那件事他感到很悲伤。

· She was disappointed to know that the host was not in.她得知主人不在，很失望。

· The second language is not easy to learn.第二语言不容易学。

· You must be quick to catch it.要抓住它你得动作快。

as后面接名词、形容词、分词等作主语补足语

· Languages are regarded as a means of communication. (as +名词短语作主语补足语)

语言被看作是一种交流工具。

· The picture is considered as fake. (as +形容词作主语补足语)

这张照片被认为是伪作。

· This second-hand car was looked as a new one. (as +名词作主语补足语)

这辆二手车看起来跟新的一样。

· The devil is usually thought as having ugly appearance. (as +分词作主语补足语)

魔鬼经常被认为是外表丑陋的。

· This song was regarded as his signature song. (as +名词作主语补足语)

这首歌被认为是他的成名曲。

重点解析2 宾语补足语

形容词作宾语补足语

· I am in a bad temper. Please keep myself alone.我现在心情不好，请让我单独待会儿。

· The girl smears the paper green.这个女孩把纸涂成了绿色的。

· We must keep our room neat every day.我们必须保持我们的房间每天都整洁。

带to或者不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语

· The father makes his boy cry. 爸爸把他的儿子弄哭了。（不带to 的动词不定式做宾语补足语）

· Can you get the machine to run? 你能让这台机器运作起来吗？（带to 的动词不定式做宾语补足语）

· The teacher asked him to come to the office later. 老师让他一会儿来办公室。（带to 的动词不定式做宾语补足语）

· Please help me finish the rest work, or I will miss the deadline. 请帮我完成剩下的工作吧，要不然我就不能如期完成了。（不带to 的动词不定式做宾语补足语）

现在分词作宾语补足语

· I heard her singing in the next room.我听见她正在隔壁房间唱歌。

· Did you notice him having difficulty in walking?你注意到他行走有困难了吗？

· I can nearly hear my heart pounding.我几乎可以听见我的心在狂跳。

过去分词作宾语补足语

· Please leave the window opened.请把窗户开着。

· Please make it done in time.请按时完成它。

· He left the door unlocked.他没有锁门。

副词作宾语补足语

能作表语的副词通常也可作宾语补足语。以-ly结尾的副词通常不可用作宾语补足语。

· Please let him in.请让他进来。

· Put your shoes away!把你的鞋子拿开！

· Please find the problem out.请把问题找出来。

介词短语作宾语补足语

· I hung my bag on the door.我把我的包挂在了门后。

· He regarded the money as his life.他把钱看作是他的生命。

· Please keep the counsel in heart.请把这个忠告记在心里。

语法补遗

★“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的主动句变被动句

变成被动语态时，将原句中的宾语用作主语，置于句首。原句中的宾语补足语相应地变成了主语补足语，也就是说主语补足语是主动语态中的宾语补足语。

· The man painted the wall green. (句子是主动结构，green为宾语补足语)

这个男人把墙涂成了绿色。

— The wall was painted green by the man. (句子是被动结构，green为主语补足语)

墙被这个男人涂成了绿色。

· The boy found the window broken. (句子是主动结构，broken为宾语补足语)

这个男孩发现窗户破了。

— The window was found broken by the boy. (句子是被动结构，broken为主语补足语)

窗户破了，被这个男孩发现。

· I saw him reading. (句子是主动结构，reading为宾语补足语)

我看见他正在读书。

— He was seen reading by me. (句子是被动结构，reading为主语补足语)

他正在读书，被我看见了。