8 连词——you and me
连词是一种虚词，在句中起连接作用，可以连接单词、短语、分句、从句或句子。在句中不单独做句子成分，一般不重读。
（1）连词的分类
按照连词所连接的成分、连词的构成以及连词的词义可以将连词分为以下几类：
（2）连词的用法
连词是用来连接单词、短语、分句或句子的词类。它是一种功能词，不作句子成分，起连接作用。
①并列连词的用法
※温馨提示：
表示并列关系的连词除了以上用法还有比较活跃的用法：
● and作为并列连词有多重含义，除了表示并列关系外，还可以表示顺承、目的、条件等。例如：
He went to the supermarket and bought some fruits.
Be careful and you'll make fewer mistakes.
Come and see my new car.
● or表示“否则”，前句一般是祈使句，后句用一般将来时。表示选择关系时or与either...or..．用法相同，但either...or..．更有强调性。在对多个对象进行选择时，可以用A or B or C, either A or B or C, neither A nor B nor C。例如：
Either his parents or his uncle and aunt are going to Hong Kong．不是他的父母就是他的伯父伯母要去香港。
Neither I nor anyone else believes such things．不管是我还是其他任何人都不会相信这些事情。
Love is neither bought nor sold．爱不能买卖。
She likes going out with friends or reading at home．她喜欢和朋友一起外出玩耍或者在家看书。
● “名词+ as well as + 名词”作主语时，强调前面的名词，谓语动词要根据前面的名词而定。not only...but also..．连接名词作主语时强调后者，谓语动词要根据后面的名词而定。
China as well as many other countries in the world loves peace．中国和世界上其他许多国家一样热爱和平。
Not only Bill but also his parents want to go traveling by bike．不只是比尔，他的父母也想骑自行车去旅行。
②从属连词的用法
从属连词通常引导一个从句，修饰主句。从属连词一般分为两类：引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词。
（3）近义连词用法比较
①because, since, as, for
because, since, as和for作从属连词都可以表示原因，意为“因为”，但它们也有区别。现将这四者表示原因的用法总结如下：
②whether, if
用作从属连词时，whether和if都可以意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下几种情况只能用whether：
③when, while, as
when, while, as作从属连词，都引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生。但有以下几点需要注意：
● when引导的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用短暂性动词，而while和as引导的从句只能用延续性动词。
He looked aside when I spoke to him．我跟他说话的时候，他往旁边看。
She mudded herself when she was running in the rain．她在雨中奔跑时溅了自己一身泥。
The plank over the brook sagged while we were walking on it．当我们走在横跨小溪的木板上时它变弯了。
● while和as引导的从句中的谓语动词通常与主句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，而when引导的从句中的谓语动词可以发生在主句动作之前、之后，也可以与之同时发生。
As/While/When we were dancing, a stranger came in．我们正跳舞时一位陌生人走了进来。
When I got to the station, the train had left．当我赶到车站时，火车已经开走了。
A man is not finished when he is defeated. He is finished when he quits．一个人被打败并不等于结束，只有他放弃了才算结束。
● 强调主从句动作同时进行时，从句的时间概念淡化，主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件，这时只能用as。
As years go by, China is becoming stronger and richer．随着时间的推移，中国变得越来越富强了。
④so that, so...that
● so that是从属连词，意为“以便……；为了……”，引导目的状语从句。从句中常用may, can, will等情态动词。口语中有时也可省略that。
Work hard so that you can pass the exam．你要努力学习，以便通过考试。
He went by air so that he might get there on time．他搭乘飞机以便能按时到达那里。
● so...that是关联连词，意为“如此……以至于”，其中that引导结果状语从句。
That city is so small that we can't find it on the map．那座城市那么小，我们在地图上都找不到它。
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job．他教育经历丰富非常适合做这个工作。
※温馨提示：
当so...that引导结果状语从句时，从句若是否定式，常可与too...to结构转换：
I am so tired that I couldn't go any farther.
= I am too tired to go any farther．我太累了再走不动了。
The sack is so heavy that we can't move it .
=The sack is too heavy for us to move it．麻袋太重我们搬不动。
（4）连词易错点辨析
英语中连词虽然不多，但很重要，而且连词的使用容易出错。例如：
他不仅会说英语还会说日语。
He not only speaks English but also Japanese. (×)
He speaks not only English but also Japanese. (√)
分析：这里的not only和but also应该连接两个对等成分Japanese和English，所以应该将not only提到English前面，如第二句。
虽然她吃得很少，但是她却很胖。
Although she eats little, but she is very fat.(×) She eats little, but she is very fat. (√)
分析：although和but不能同时使用，因此要么去掉but，要么去掉although。
这本书既可用作课本又可当作参考书。
This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book. (×)
This book may be used both as a text and reference book. (√)
分析：as well as和both不能搭配，应该改为关联连词both...and...。
彼得没有你那么弱。
Peter is not so timid like you. (×) Peter is not so timid as you. (√)
分析：介词like表示人或事物的品质、特点，意为“像……一样”。这里的not so应该和as一起使用，表示对比，且so...as..．通常作为固定搭配使用。
她坐公交车去的车站。
She took a bus and which took her to the station. (×)
She took a bus which took her to the station. (√)
She took a bus and it took her to the station. (√)
分析：第一句中的并列连词and是多余的，应该去掉，让which从句作定语从句修饰先行词bus。如果要保留and，就要添加主语，让and连接两个并列句。
我的朋友走过来握着我的手，兴奋地说再见。
My friend came up to me and held my hand, said goodbye excitedly. (×)
My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said goodbye excitedly. (√)
My friend came up to me and held my hand, saying goodbye excitedly.(√)
分析：若有多个并列动作，应该用and连接最后两个动词，使其形成并列谓语，如该句中的came up, held, said。也可以用and连接前两个动词，将said改saying作伴随状语。
我们刚到达目的地，他们就离开了。
No sooner had we reached our destination, they left. (×)
No sooner had we reached our destination than they left. (√)
As soon as we reached our destination, they left. (√)
分析：no sooner...than是关联连词，意为“刚……就”。当然这个句子也可以改成由as soon as连接的同义句。