1.5 最近两年真题及解析

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions：

Readthe following text.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark A, B, Cor D onthe ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans.Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.

But it doesn't 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential, ”says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.

These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel 18 , ”Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.

1.A.boasting

B.denying

C.warning

D.ensuring

2.A.inequality

B.instability

C.unreliability

D.uncertainty

3.A.policy

B.guideline

C.resolution

D.prediction

4.A.characterized

B.divided

C.balanced

D.measured

5.A.wisdom

B.meaning

C.glory

D.freedom

6.A.Instead

B.Indeed

C.Thus

D.Nevertheless

7.A.rich

B.urban

C.working

D.educated

8.A.explanation

B.requirement

C.compensation

D.substitute

9.A.under

B.beyond

C.alongside

D.among

10.A.leave behind

B.make up

C.worry about

D.set aside

11.A.statistically

B.occasionally

C.necessarily

D.economically

12.A.chances

B.downsides

C.benefits

D.principles

13.A.absence

B.height

C.face

D.course

14.A.disturb

B.restore

C.exclude

D.yield

15.A.model

B.practice

C.virtue

D.hardship

16.A.tricky

B.lengthy

C.mysterious

D.scarce

17.A.demands

B.standards

C.qualities

D.threats

18.A.ignored

B.tired

C.confused

D.starved

19.A.off

B.against

C.behind

D.into

20.A.technological

B.professional

C.educational

D.interpersonal

1.[答案]C.warning

[考点]上下文语义理解

[注释]空格之后的宾语从句部分是“technologyisreplacinghumanworkers.”结合选项，应该选择warning“警告”。A项boasting“自吹自擂”, B项denying“否认”, D项ensuring“确保”均不符合此处的语境要求，故均排除。

2.[答案]A.inequality

[考点]上下文语义理解

[注释]空格单词后面的句意看到了贫富对比，故作为上文对其进行概括，应选择inequality“不平等”。B项instability“不稳定”, C项unreliability“不可靠”, D项uncertainty“不确定”均不符合此处的语境要求，故均排除。

3.[答案]D.prediction

[考点]时态判断

[注释]空格之后的内容是“holds that the future willbe a wasteland of a different sort, ”该定语从句是对空格词汇的修饰与说明，既然文中用到了will这一个表示将来时态的助动词，故答案为prediction“预言”。A项policy“政策”, B项guideline“指导原则”, C项resolution“决心”均不符合此处的要求，故均排除。

4.[答案]A.characterized

[考点]后置定语 + 固定搭配

[注释]one 4 by purposelessness，根据词义答案为characterized“以……为特点”。其他B项divided“分开”, C项balanced“平衡”, D项measured“测量、衡量”均不符合，故均排除。

5.[答案]B.meaning

[考点]句子之间的语义理解

[注释]Without jobstogivetheirlives 5 , peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed．根据空格前面的表述与空格后面的内容应属于并列关系，由逗号连接，因此答案为meaning“意义”。A项wisdom“智慧”, C项glory“荣耀”, D项freedom“自由”都表示褒义色彩，和后面表示贬义色彩的词汇lazy“懒惰的”、depressed“抑郁的”相矛盾，故排除。

6.[答案]B.Indeed

[考点]上下文逻辑关系

[注释]分析上下文可以看出并非因果关系，因此C项Thus“因此”可以排除。另外A项Instead“不是……而是……”, D项Nevertheless“而”，表示转折语意，在此处上下文逻辑中并无体现，均排除。Indeed表示“的确”，这里符合上下文的意思，所以是正确答案。

7.[答案]C.working

[考点]上下文语义理解

[注释]One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans．根据上下文对比的语意应该选择working“在职的”，因为前面提到unemployed“失业的”，此处在进行对比，故选择表示反义呼应的词working。A项rich“富裕的”, B项urban“都市的”, D项educated“受过教育的”均不合题意，故排除。

8.[答案]A.explanation

[考点]句内语意理解+固定搭配

[注释]some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs．考虑到explanation for sth“对于某事做出的解释”这样的词组搭配，因此选择A项。B项requirement“要求”, C项compensation“赔偿”, D项substitute“替代”均不合题意，故排除。

9.[答案]D.among

[考点]句内语义理解、介词辨析

[注释]很明显应该指前者的发生范围。浏览四个选项，among“在……中”表示范围，符合此处语义需要，因此为正确答案。A项under“在下面”, B项beyond“超越”, C项alongside“并行”均不合题意，故排除。

10.[答案]C.worry about

[考点]上下文语义理解+句内语义理解

[注释]Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. C.worry about“为……担忧”，符合题意，因此为正确答案。其他A项leave behind“抛下、置于脑后”, B项make up“组成”, D项set aside“排列”均不合题意，故排除。

11.[答案]C.necessarily

[考点]上下文逻辑关系+句内语义理解

[注释]But it doesn't 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease．这里But表示转折语意，doesn't necessarily表示“不一定”，符合此处语意需要，因此为答案。其他A项statistically“统计地”, B项occasionally“间或地”, D项economically“经济地”均不合题意，故排除。

12.[答案]B.downsides

[考点]上下文语义理解，后置定语

[注释]Such visionsarebasedonthe 12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment．答案的线索在于空格后面的介词短语，后面提到beingunemployed“失业”的意思是贬义，因此要选择downsides“不好的方面”。其他A项chances“机会”, C项benefits“好处”, D项principles“原则”都是褒义词，均不合题意，故排除。

13.[答案]A.absence

[考点]上下文语义+介词搭配

[注释]In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure．根据句子意思，“在工作缺席的情况下，一个为其他（生活）方法设计的社会，对于未来的劳动和休闲可以产生非常不同的情境。”介词搭配in the absence of“缺席”符合题意，因此是正确选项。其他B项height“高度”, C项face“面孔”, D项course“途经，过程”均不合题意，故排除。

14.[答案]D.yield

[考点]词汇的一词多义与搭配

[注释]In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.“在工作缺席的情况下，一个为其他（生活）方法设计的社会，对于未来的劳动和休闲可以产生非常不同的情境。”该空格所选词汇的主语是a society宾语是different circumstances．根据主谓一致的原则应该选择yield“产生”。其他A项disturb“打扰”, B项restore“恢复”, C项exclude“排除”均不合题意，故排除。

15.[答案]C.virtue

[考点]上下文语义理解

[注释]Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.overblown一词为解题线索，含义是“吹散、吹倒；夸张，过分渲染”表示贬义。后面的内容“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential, ”says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway．是对这句话的进一步解释，后面句子的大意是说工作是枯燥、乏味、不利于身心健康，等等，因此推断前面表达应该是工作的好处被夸大了，因此结合前后的上下文语义理解，选择virtue“美德、优点”, A项model“模式”, B项practice“实践”, D项hardship“艰辛、困苦”均不合题意，故排除。

16.[答案]D.scarce

[考点]上下文语义理解

[注释]because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of theirjobs．结合常识认知及上下文理解，应该选择scarce“稀少的”，表示“绝大多数人的闲暇时间比较稀少”。A项tricky“有计谋的”, B项lengthy“长的”, C项mysterious“神秘的”均不合题意，故排除。

17.[答案]A.demands

[考点]上下文语义理解

[注释]becauseleisuretimeisrelatively 16formostworkers, peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional 17oftheir jobs.“绝大多数人的闲暇时间比较稀少，因此人们使用他们的自由支配时间来平衡他们工作带来的智力上的和情感上的要求”。根据语义的要求，浏览选项，只有demands“要求”符合语义，因此为正确选项。B项standards“标准”, C项qualities“素质”, D项threats“威胁”均不合题意，故排除。

18.[答案]B.tired

[考点]上下文语义理解+常识

[注释]“When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel 18 , ”Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different”.feel tired“感到疲倦”，根据上下文的意思符合题意，因此为正确选项。A项ignored“无知的”, C项confused“混乱的”, D项starved“饥饿的”均不合题意，故排除。

19.[答案]D.into

[考点]固定搭配+句内语义理解

[注释]perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.throw oneself into..．的意思是“一头扎进；投身于，积极从事……”，这里表示“投身于一个爱好或者激情四射的项目”，根据语义的要求，浏览选项，只有throw himself into“投身于”符合语义，因此为正确选项。其他选项的介词均不符合这个搭配，故排除。

20.[答案]B.professional

[考点]词汇的复现+呼应

[注释]perhaps different enough to throw himself into a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters．此处空格处答案和前面的intensity“强烈”形成呼应与关联。故此处professional“专业的、职业的”符合语义，因此为正确选项。A项technological“技术的”, C项educational“教育的”, D项interpersonal“人际关系的”均不合题意，故排除。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：

Readthe following fourtexts.Answerthe questions below eachtextby choosing A, B, Cor D.Markyour answers onthe ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）

Text 1

Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic“legacy”is failing.Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012-but the general population was growing faster.Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to“inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.

Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods-making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.

21.According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has________.

A.gained great popularity

B.created many jobs

C.strengthened community ties

D.become an official festival

22.The author believes that London's Olympic“legacy”has failed to ________.

A.boost population growth

B.promote sport participation

C.improve the city's image

D.increase sport hours in schools

23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it ________.

A.aims at discovering talents

B.focuses on mass competition

C.does not emphasize elitism

D.does not attract first-timers

24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should ________.

A.organize“grassroots”sports events

B.supervise local sports associations

C.increase funds for sports clubs

D.invest in public sports facilities

25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is ________.

A.tolerant

B.critical

C.uncertain

D.sympathetic

21.[答案]A

[注释]由题干中的关键词Accordingto Paragraph 1，可以快速的定位到文中的第一段，第一段讲了每周六大约有五万多人都会在他们当地的公园里跑步，跑步的年龄跨度之大：从4岁的小朋友到祖父母年纪的人都有；跑步所用的时间跨度也很大：从世界纪录的13分48秒到一个小时。由此可见，这是一个全民运动，与A项的great popularity相互对应，所以选A项。B项“创造了很多就业机会”; C项“增强了社会的凝聚力”; D项“成为一个官方的节日”；这几个选项原文中都没有涉及，所以排除。

22.[答案]B

[注释]可以发现原文中第二段第一句话Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic“legacy”is failing与题干中的关键词London's Olympic“legacy”has failed to...对应，所以可以锁定文章的第二段，从而找出解题的关键。第二段前半部分讲了在最初的时候Olympic的目标，然而，事实却事与愿违，...but the general population was growing faster.Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate．由这句话可以看出，Olympic并没有推动大众的参与性，与预期的目标不符，所以选择B。

23.[答案]C

[注释]由题干中的关键词Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that..．可以知道这是想考察Parkrun和Olympic的区别。追溯到原文，可以看到文中的第三段第一句话：Parkrun is not a race but a time trial．从这句话可以排除A项和B项，因为A项和B项都和竞争有关，D项可以从这一段的这一句话：there is muchjoy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is..．可知，Parkrun有很多第一次参加的人，所以排除D项。最后可以知道，答案选C项，因为Parkrun不是比赛，所以就不重视精英主义。

24.[答案]D

[注释]由题干中的关键词the governments should...，可以知道，命题人想要考察的是对于Parkrun这一项大众运动，政府应该做点什么。所以，考生要快速地定位到原文中有关政府的段落，即第四段，If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods — making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools．从这里可以知道，作者希望政府能够为Parkrun提供场所和钱，并针对学校制定相关条例以鼓励全民运动。由此可以排除A项、B项、C项，最终选择D项。

25.[答案]B

[注释]由题干中的关键词the author's attitude to what UK government have done for sport可以再次锁定原文中关于政府的部分，可见这一题与24题是有一定联系的。第四段一开始作者提出了自己对政府的期许，但是事实上，政府却没有达到这一期许。But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education．政府负责卖地，从地方政府压榨金钱，不重视学校的体育运动。可见，此处作者指责政府的一系列行为，由此可以得出B项“批判的”是正确选项。其他选项，tolerant“宽容的，容忍的”, uncertain“含糊的，不确定的”, sympathetic“同情的，赞同的”均不符合题意，故排除。

Text 2

With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in, ”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”

Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

Infants are wired to look at parents'faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device-it can be extremely disconcerting for the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback.The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention.“Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need, ”says Radesky.

On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It's based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes thatjust because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it-particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.

26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ________.

A.simplify routine matters

B.absorb user attention

C.better interpersonal relations

D.increase work efficiency

27.Radesky's food-testing exercise shows that mothers'use of devices ________.

A.takes away babies'appetite

B.distracts children's attention

C.slows down babies'verbal development

D.reduces mother-child communication

28.Radesky's cites the“still face experiment”to show that ________.

A.it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions

B.verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

C.children are insensitive to changes in their parents'mood

D.parents need to respond to children's emotional needs

29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to ________.

A.protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

B.teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year

C.ensure constant interaction with their children

D.remain concerned about kid's use of screens

30.According to Tronick, kid's use of screens may ________.

A.give their parents some free time

B.make their parents more creative

C.help them with their homework

D.help them become more attentive

26.[答案]B

[注释]由题干中的关键词Jenny Radesky，可以快速地定位到文中提到此人物的第一段第二行，Jenny Radesky说了这样一句话：Tech is designed to really suck on you in, and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement..．电子产品就是为了促进最大程度的参与性，由此可以得出答案B为了“吸引用户的注意力”。其余选项在Jenny Radesky的话中都没有体现。

27.[答案]D

[注释]由题干中的关键词food-testing exercise, mothers'use of devices，可以快速地定位到第二段第二行：She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children．从这里可以知道，母亲使用手机会减少20%的语言交流机会，39%的非语言交流。由此可以得出答案为D“减少了母亲和孩子之间的交流”。

28.[答案]D

[注释]本题是具体细节题。题干中的关键词Radesky和still face experiment定位到第三段大写R处，实验结论在本段最后一句的but之后，这里提到了parents need to be responsive...to...emotional need，父母需要对情感需求做出回应。正确答案D是原文中的原词emotional need的复现。A项的blank expressions是原文实验里面的具体内容，而非实验结论；B项是最后一句的个别词干扰；C项偷换概念，不是children are insensitive，而是parents。

29.[答案]C

[注释]本题是具体细节题。根据题干的关键词oppressiveideology和人名Tronick定位到最后一段的第一句话that之后。本句that后的demands对应题干的requires，说道“父母应该总是要交流”。正确选项C的constantinteraction对应原文的alwaysinteracting。A项的fantasies是下一句中的个别词干扰；B项的30,000words同样是句子中提到的，而且是if的一个条件句；D项的concerned是末段首句的concerned，但是偷换了概念。

30.[答案]A

[注释]本题目为文中人物观点的细节题。根据题干中的人名Tronick及关键词kid定位到最后一段的倒数第三句，破折号后面解释了kid's use of screens的具体目的。“it gives parents time to...”与正确选项A完全一致，属于原文的原词复现。B项的creative并未提及；C项的homework根据原文的housework进行干扰，原文是父母有时间做家务，而选项是帮助孩子做作业；D项的attentive并未提及。

Text 3

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn't academic.

But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race to the finish line, ”whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes —all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn't surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.It's not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that ________.

A.they think it academically misleading

B.they have a lot of fun to expect in college

C.it feels strange to do differently from others

D.it seems worthless to take off-campus courses

32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps________.

A.keep students from being unrealistic

B.lower risks in choosing careers

C.ease freshmen's financial burdens

D.relieve freshmen of pressures

33.The word“acclimation”（Line 7, Para.3）is closest in meaning to ________.

A.adaptation

B.application

C.motivation

D.competition

34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them ________.

A.avoid academic failures

C.switch to another college

B.establish long-term goals

D.decide on the right major

35.The most suitable title for this text would be ________.

A.In Favor of the Gap Year

B.The ABCs of the Gap Year

C.The Gap Year Comes Back

D.The Gap Year:A Dilemma

31.[答案]C

[注释]题干问的是高中毕业生不选择间隔年（gap year）原因之一是什么。根据题目中的high-school和gap year定位到第一段第一句话。这句话后面一句的after all可以知道后面应该是解释理由了，After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it这句话是说，“毕竟，如果大家秋天都上大学去了，你要是晚了一年看起来有点傻？”这个句子等同于C项中的feel strange to do differently from others，因此选C。

32.[答案]D

[注释]根据题干中的study from the US and Australia可以定位到第三段第一句话Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not．这句话明确说了有间隔年的学生比没有的要好，好在准备和表现上。所以A项unrealistic“不现实”和B项choosing career“职业选择”都不对。第二句在表现好的更细致的方面进行了描述：preparing them for independence“独立性”, new responsibilities“责任感”and environmentalchanges“环境变化”。紧随的破折号后总结：first-year students一年级学生often struggle with the most“常常有苦恼”。说明最受益的是大学一年级学生，而整段都没提过financialburdens“财务上的负担”，所以C项不对。而D项中的pressure“压力”是对前面内容的概括性描述，因此答案是D。

33.[答案]A

[注释]这题根据题干中给的信息，到第三段最后一句中去找答案，Gap year experiences can...when it comes to adjusting to college..., making it easier to...rather than acclimation blunders．这个句子分两部分，逗号+making分词作状语，从功能上是解释补充说明前面半句，所以“间隔年的好处是能帮助新生调节适应大学，而不用担心acclimation问题”，所以acclimation当然就是适应的意思了。因此A项adaptation“适应”为正确答案。

34.[答案]D

[注释]文章最后一段第一句提到了consider its financial impact on future academic choices, financial“财务上的”对应题干中的save money“省钱”，而academic choices“学术选择”可以排除A项和B项。根据最后一段第三句．..students...listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes．知道第一句中的academic choices指的就是转专业的事儿，因此选D项。

35.[答案]A

[注释]第二段第一句话But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years．这句含有but的句子说明全文就是想说间隔年你值得拥有。而选项中只有A项“赞许”是持正面积极态度的，因此选A。

Text 4

Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires-nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.

Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire？

“It's already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country, ”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK? ”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape? ”

Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.

For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change-how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation.

“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways, ”he says.Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to“an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”

At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.

“We've disconnected ourselves from living with fire, ”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”

36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they________.

A.exhausted unprecedented management efforts

B.consumed a record-high percentage of budget

C.severely damaged the ecology of western states

D.caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure

37.Moritz calls for the use of“a magnifying glass”to ________.

A.raise more funds for fire-prone areas

B.avoid the redirection of federal money

C.find wildfire-free parts of the landscape

D.guarantee safer spending of public funds

38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that ________.

A.public debates have not settled yet

B.fire-fighting conditions are improving

C.other factors should not be overlooked

D.a shift in the view of fire has taken place

39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to ________.

A.discover the fundamental makeup of nature

B.explore the mechanism of the human systems

C.maximize the role of landscape in human life

D.understand the interrelations of man and nature

40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should ________.

A.do away with

B.come to terms with

C.pay a price for

D.keep away from

36.[答案]B

[注释]本题目是原因细节题。根据题干的关键词wildfires和nationalconcern，以及表示时间的词2015，定位到第二段首句。本句提到US花费了大量的budget“预算”，与B项中的budget原词复现，high是原文morethan的同义转化，consume“消费”同义替换原文spent“花费”。干扰项A的management是首段末句的人物Max Moritz的职位；C项的westernstates是首段首句的though从句内容，和题干无关，属于答非所问；D项的infrastructure是原文末尾的破折号里suchas的内容，两个破折号里面的内容一定不选。

37.[答案]D

[注释]本题目为具体细节题。根据题干的关键词a magnifying glass和人名Moritz定位到第四段第二句。后面提到to redirect those funds“重新引导基金”，本段首句也提及a huge problem from a public expenditure..．正确答案D的guarantee safer spending是对这两句的完全概括，讨论公共基金更好的花费问题。干扰项A提到fund，但未说raise more，添加无关内容；B项中的avoid“避免”与原文刚好相反；C项是对原文lower-hazard parts of the landscape的偷换概念。

38.[答案]C

[注释]本题是文中人物观点的细节题。根据题干的关键词climateisa keyelement以及人名Moritz定位到第七段的内容，本句中Moritz提到shouldnotcomeattheexpenseoftheequation“不以平等的代价而来”。正确答案C中的otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked“不应该忽视其他因素”是对本句的同义转化与概括。A项的publicdebates来自第六段的thefocus，但未提及settle的话题，也非本题定位句；B项的conditions是第六段的最后一句conditionsthatworsenfires，偷换动词worsen与improving; D项的ashiftinthe viewof是出现在第五段，时态错误，原文是wouldrequire，选项是hastaken place。

39.[答案]D

[注释]本题目为原因细节题。根据题干关键词simplified view Moritz定位到第八段的首句thehumansystemsandthelandscapes...arelinkedandtheinteractionsgobothways“人类与环境是相联系的，并且是相互作用的”。正确答案D的interrelations是原文的原词复现，manandnature同义替换原文的human...andlandscapes。A项原文未提及；B项的humansystems是原词，但是文中并无提及mechanism，属于偷换概念；C项的landscape和human是原词出现，但添加了无关信息maximize。

40.[答案]B

[注释]本题是文中人物观点的细节题。根据题干的人名Professor Balch和fire, man定位到文章最后一段的最后一句，important to understand...human connection with fire,“重要的是理解人与火之间的联系”。B项come to terms with的意思是“达成协议”，符合原文，故为正确答案。A项do away with“废除”; C项pay a price for“付出代价”; D项keep away from“远离”，均不符合题意。

Part B

Directions：

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs（41-45）.There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump.“We don't make anything anymore, ”he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.

Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.

But there is also a different way to look at the data.

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge:instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years.Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.

For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers-and upward pressure on wages.“They're harder to find and they have job offers, ”says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming[into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing, ”Mr.Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.

At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of$13 an hour that rises to$17 after two years.

At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It's his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering.“I love working with tools.I love creating.”he says.

But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle:parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory.Millennials“remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession, ”says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.

These concerns aren't misplaced:Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013.When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.

“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill, ”says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College.“There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill.It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is.”

Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing:a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility.“Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives, ”she says.

41.[答案]E

[注释]根据题干人名Jay Deuwell定位文中They're harder to find and they have job offers, “比较难找到他们并且他们已有工作邀请了”。harder对应中的stiff“艰难地”。

42.[答案]A

[注释]根据题干人名Jason Stenquist对应文中“I love working with tools.I love creating, ”he says.“我爱与工具打交道，我喜欢创新”。文中的tool对应选项中的tool“工具”。

43.[答案]G

[注释]根据题干人名Birgit Klohs，定位文中“remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession, ”“记住他们的爸爸妈妈都下岗了，他们把此归咎于制造业萧条，”文中的blame对应选项中的blame“归咎于、怪罪于”。

44.[答案]B

[注释]根据人名Rob Spohr，对应文中“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill, ”says Rob Spohr, “工作之间的差距是有些工作不需要技能，而另外一些工作需要很多技能，”文中skill对应选项中的skill“技能”。

45.[答案]F

[注释]题干问Julie Parks的观点，对应文中“Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives, ”“加班对于这一代员工是没有吸引力的，他们的确想要属于他们自己的生活（即工作和休闲平衡的生活）”。文中attractive“有吸引力的”对应选项中的attract“吸引、引发好感”。

Section Ⅲ Translation

46.Directions：

Readthe following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）

My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities.But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all！

[参考译文]

我的梦想

我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版领域找寻一份工作。在我中学毕业的两年前，我选修了一门“缝纫和设计”的课程，并且以为我能再继续学习一个时装设计的课程。然而，就在这个课程的学习过程中，我意识到，将来在这个领域，我是无法与那些富于创新精神的精英们竞争的。于是，我断定这条路行不通。在申请上大学之前，我对所有人都讲，我想学新闻学，因为写作曾经是、并且现在也一直是我最喜欢的事情之一。但是，说实话，我之所以这样说，是因为我认为从事时装设计不过是我的一个梦想。我也知道，除了我之外，没有人能想象出我会从事时装设计的工作。

[注释]

2017年的翻译题是一篇关于梦想的小短文，全文共5句话，前两句话比较简短且简单，后三句较长，但难度也都不大。第一句话是个简单句，“我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版领域找寻一份工作”。第二句话中，secondary school是“中学”，短语move on to是“继续做某事，转移到”，全句的意思是“在我中学毕业的两年前，我曾选修了一门‘缝纫和设计’的课程”, thinking that做了非谓语动词的结构并且起到伴随状语的作用，翻译为“并以为我能再继续去修一门时装设计的课程”。第三句话中，前半句是主语、谓语加宾语从句，后面是so引导的结果状语从句，during that course是时间状语，I是主语，realised是谓语动词，that引导宾语从句，其中personalities不能理解为“个性，品格”，在文中应该指“名人、精英、人才”, so引导的结果状语从句中也是主语，谓语加宾语从句的结构，全句的意思是“然而，就在整个学习过程中，我意识到，将来在这个领域我是无法与那些富于创新精神的精英人才竞争的。于是，我断定这条路行不通”。第四句话中，Before applying for university是时间状语，that引导宾语从句，because引导原因状语从句，本句的难点在于writing was, and stillis, one of my favorite activities这一部分中was和is的翻译方法，表示过去和现在的状态，apply for是“申请”的意思，journalism要翻译成“新闻学”不能牵强地直译为“新闻业，新闻工作”，本句的意思是“在申请上大学之前，我对所有人讲：我想学新闻学，因为，写作曾经是并且现在也一直是我最喜欢的事情之一”。最后一句主句是主谓宾结构I said it，后面是because引导原因状语从句，从句中是I thought that主谓加宾从结构，此句难点在于fashion and me together was just a dream的译法，不能直译，要意译为“我认为从事时装设计不过是一个梦想”, apart from是“除了”的意思，结合上文fashion industry也可意译为“时装设计”，所以全句的意思是“但是，说实话，我之所以这样说，是因为我认为从事时装设计不过是我的一个梦想，我也知道，除了我之外，没有人能想象出我会从事时装设计的工作。”

Section Ⅳ Writing

Part A

47.Directions：

Supposeyouare invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students.Write areply to

1）Acceptthe invitation, and

2）Introducethe key points of your presentation.

You should write neatly onthe ANWSER SHEET.

Donot sign youownname atthe end of the letter, use“LiMing”instead.

Donotwrite the address.（10 points）

[参考范文]

Dear Professor Williams，

I feel really delighted and honored to be invited by you to give a presentation to the foreign students, and I will certainly be careful to prepare for the making of it.

To let the overseas students know much about our Chinese culture, I think that my presentation is supposed to include at least two key points.On the one hand, I will put much stress on the history of China.As it's well known that China is an ancient country with a long and rich history.On the other hand, my second emphasis should be laid on the main diet in China.The reason is that the Chinese people in different regions have totally different inclinations to cook their food and Chinese food everywhere is quite delicious.

Those two points are what I would like to emphasize, and I would like to get your opinions and I wish you could give me some further advice on it.I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely，

Li Ming

[注释]

2017年的小作文并非直接考察邀请信的写法，而是考察对于邀请的回复。不过考察形式非常稳定，依然是书信。

此书信从内容上看与2012年英语一真题小作文的写法如出一辙，2012年的真题是要求给留学生提出一些校园生活的建议。而2017年的这一篇非常技巧性地拐了两个小弯，一个是不直接考邀请信而考察考生如何回复邀请信；另一个是表面上是要求考生为presentation作准备，而实质上在表达上完全是建议信的套路。

从该书信的称呼来看，属于知道对方姓名且知其职业或身份，那么如果写成Dear Sir or Madam，或者To Whom It May Concern，是不合理的，而且直呼其名不加头衔也同样不合适，因此要使用Dear Professor Williams。注意这几个单词全部都需要大写开头字母。尤其大家直接用笔来写的时候，一定要尽量突出首字母。

该书信首段需要表达对于威廉姆斯教授的邀请的接受，由于考纲明文规定除关键词外任何字词都最好不要照抄，因此如果为了避免照抄accept这个词，可以首先表达高兴和荣幸的心情，然后直接说自己一定会好好准备。

第二自然段实际上就是建议信，一般大家都会写对别人的建议，而这封信相当于给自己写建议，分条列款写出presentation的内容，但是千万不要忘记分别解释原因，因为如果单纯写内容会是什么而不写原因，会让内容显得非常没有逻辑，且更加现实的一个理由是，不解释原因很可能导致文章的字数会不够。而考生在思考具体内容落脚点的时候，应该尽量选取比较简单的词汇和比较好扩展原因的方面，比如中国的历史文化、饮食文化等，这样一来我们的文章会更加有话可说。

而第三段则可以作一个小总结。最后期待一下对方的建议和回复即可。

落款：Yours sincerely，特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢；

签名：Li Ming，特别注意Ming后面一定不能出现句点。落款和前面左、右对齐都可以。

48.Directions：

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）

You should

1）interpret the chart, and

2）give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）

[参考范文]

The chart shows great changes in the number of museums and their visitors during the period from 2013 to 2015.The data shown in the chart indicate that there is an increase in the number of museums from 4165 in 2013 to 4697 in 2015, and there is also a pronounced swell in the number of their visitors increasing sharply from 637.8 million to 781.1 million during this period.

At least two fundamental factors can be identified to contribute to this phenomenon. To begin with, it is widely admitted that the rapid economic development in China has led to people's dramatically upgraded living standard.As a result, more and more people can afford to have leisure time to visit the museum.In addition, there is no denying that the authorities concerned have issued a series of preferential policies to protect and promote the development of cultural industry, which encourages a widespread extension of museum visitors.

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that this trend will certainly continue for quite a while in the future.People will surely benefit from their rich cultural experience and a meaningful number of museums will be preserved and improved.

[注释]

2017年的大作文的特点：

第一、出题形式：2015年和2016年连续两年考到的是饼状图，而今年考得是折线图。

第二、考试内容：英语二的考试内容一般多为有关社会正能量和相关人数的增加，今年的真题契合这个大方向。纵观历年大作文真题：2010年是发展中和发达国家手机订阅量的走势；2011年是关于2008,2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌市场份额；2012年是有关某公司员工工作满意度的调查；2013年是有关某高校学生的兼职情况的调查；2014年是关于中国城镇人口、乡村人口的变化；2015年是关于我国某市居民春节假期花销比例；2016年是有关某高校学生旅游目的调查。

第三、解题步骤：首先，拿到图表，我们应该观察其主要特征。一般来说，柱状图和折线图主要描写事物变化趋势；所以，第一段第一句话总写图表是关于什么的，第二三句分写细节。其次，第二段我们一般进行分析原因论述，为什么会有图中所呈现的现象，一般会包含两到三点。最后一段一般是三种情况，包括总结、解决措施和预测趋势，其中预测趋势最为简单明了。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions：

Readthe following text.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark A, B, Cor D onthe ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）

Happy people work differently.They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.

Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D（research and development）.That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.

The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.

7 enough, firms'investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 .But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest—like size, industry, and sales—and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population.They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.

The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to“less confined decision making process”and the possible presence of“younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 .Firms seem to invest more in places. 17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility.It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future.“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average, ”said one researcher.

1.A.why

B.where

C.how

D.when

2.A.In return

B.In particular

C.In contrast

D.In conclusion

3.A.sufficient

B.famous

C.perfect

D.necessary

4.A.individualism

B.modernism

C.optimism

D.realism

5.A.echo

B.miss

C.spoil

D.change

6.A.imagined

B.measured

C.invented

D.assumed

7.A.Sure

B.Odd

C.Unfortunate

D.Often

8.A.advertised

B.divided

C.overtaxed

D.headquartered

9.A.explain

B.overstate

C.summarize

D.emphasize

10.A.stages

B.factors

C.levels

D.methods

11.A.desirable

B.sociable

C.reputable

D.reliable

12.A.resumed

B.held

C.emerged

D.broke

13.A.attribute

B.assign

C.transfer

D.compare

14.A.serious

B.civilized

C.ambitious

D.experienced

15.A.thus

B.instead

C.also

D.never

16.A.rapidly

B.regularly

C.directly

D.equally

17.A.After

B.Until

C.While

D.Since

18.A.arrives

B.jumps

C.hints

D.strikes

19.A.shape

B.rediscover

C.simplify

D.share

20.A.pray for

B.lean towards

C.give away

D.send act

1.[答案]C.how

[考点]连词辨析

[注释]根据语境，“新近的调研表明：幸福还会影响公司 1 运作”。A.“为什么”;B.“哪里”; C.“怎样，多么”; D.“当……时候”。根据语义分析，C项填入原文，译为“幸福还会影响公司怎样运作”，为正确选项。

2.[答案]B.In particular

[考点]上下文语义以及短语辨析

[注释]A.“反过来”; B.“尤其是”; C.“相反”; D.“总的来说”。根据前文语境，第二段第一句译为“根据近期的一篇研究论文，开设在人们感觉更幸福地区的公司投资更多”。而第二句“ ________，幸福感强地区的公司在研发上投入更多工作。”第二句是在第一句的基础上进一步强调说明，因此B项更符合语境要求。

3.[答案]D.necessary

[考点]上下文语义及形容词词义辨析

[注释]A.“充足的”; B.“著名的”; C.“完美的”; D.“必要的”。首先，根据本句原文“That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.”译为“这是因为幸福与________为未来进行投资这种更长远考虑相联系。”要求填写形容词，我们要考虑其搭配与其修饰成分。空格处搭配介词for，并且修饰“更长远考虑”。因此D项最符合语境要求。

4.[答案]C.optimism

[考点]上下文语义及名词词义辨析

[注释]A.“个人主义”; B.“现代主义”; C.“乐观主义”; D.“现实主义”。本题考查同后缀的名词辨析。根据原文主旨，探讨“happy people”与公司的关系。那么，衡量四个选项，只有C项符合要求。

5.[答案]D.change

[考点]上下文语义及动词词义辨析

[注释]A.“发出回声”; B.“想念，错过”; C.“破坏”; D.“改变”。根据原文语境，“would 5 the way companies invested.”本题考查动宾搭配，宾语为“公司投资的方式”，只有D项搭配最为合理。

6.[答案]B.measured

[考点]上下文语义及动词词义辨析

[注释]A.“想象”; B.“衡量，测得”; C.“发明”; D.“假定，设想”。原句“So they compared U.S.cities'average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.”译为“于是他们把盖洛普民意测验所________的美国城市平均幸福指数与该地区上市公司的投资活动进行对比。”根据原文语境，盖洛普民意测验所做的应该是“既定事实”，所以排除A、C、D。因此，B项为最佳选项。

7.[答案]A.Sure

[考点]上下文语义及固定搭配

[注释]A.“确信的”; B.“奇怪的”; C.“不幸的”; D.“经常的”。本题为固定搭配“Sure enough”，译为“足以肯定的是”。

8.[答案]D.headquartered

[考点]上下文语义及形容词词义辨析

[注释]A.“广告的”; B.“划分的”; C.“课税过重的”; D.“位于总部的”。根据原文“firms'investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 .”译为“公司投资和研发力度与公司________的幸福指数相关。”in which引导表示地点的定语从句，先行词为area。对比四个选项，A、B、C均不足以说明此地点的真实含义。因此，D项搭配前文area构成“总部所在地”最为合理。

9.[答案]A.explain

[考点]上下文语义及动词词义辨析

[注释]A.“解释”; B.“夸大”; C.“概述”; D.“强调”。根据原文“...or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? ”A项“explain”常和下文“why”搭配使用。

10.[答案]B.factors

[考点]上下文语义及名词词义辨析

[注释]A.“阶段”; B.“因素”; C.“等级”; D.“方法”。根据原文“To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest—like size, industry, and sales...”破折号后面的“大小，产业，销售”这些都是“让公司有更多投资的”因素。因此，B项最符合原文语境。

11.[答案]A.desirable

[考点]上下文语义和形容词

[注释]A.“合意的”; B.“社交的”; C.“受尊敬的”; D.“可依靠的”。该空格处填的是形容词，用来修饰前面的名词place，并且在意义上也是对后面like growth in wages or population的解释，可以看出应该填褒义词，并且能修饰place。所以只有A项符合原文语境。

12.[答案]B.held

[考点]上下文语义及动词词义辨析

[注释]A.“重新开始”; B.“得出”; C.“浮现”; D.“破坏”。该句算是这一段的总结，整段描述幸福与投资之间的关系，而这一link就只能“得出”了，只有B项符合语境。

13.[答案]A.attribute

[考点]上下文逻辑关系以及动词词组辨析

[注释]该空格处是由which引导的定语从句的谓语动词所在，动词的宾语就是前面的主句，强调“幸福与投资之间的关系尤其适用于新公司”这一结论与后面“决策过程局限性较小”之间的关系，能看出是一种因果关系，因此答案选择A.attribute与to搭配表示“归因于……”，而B.“指派”; C.“转移到”; D.“与……比较”均不符合题意。

14.[答案]D.experienced

[考点]上下文语义及形容词词义辨析

[注释]此处很简单，与连词and前面的younger并列修饰managers，强调新公司的领导较为年轻并缺乏经验，只有D项合适。

15.[答案]C.also

[考点]上下文逻辑关系以及副词词义辨析

[注释]前面说到了“较为年轻的经理决策时更容易受情绪影响”与后面的“这种关系在员工幸福指数分布更为________的公司________明显”之间是一种递进关系，所以只有C项“同样”合适。

16.[答案]D.equally

[考点]上下文语义及副词词义辨析

[注释]这题是考察副词修饰spread，但是更要注意的是该句“这种关系在员工幸福指数分布更为________的公司________明显。公司似乎更多投资到那些部门。”，所以很容易判断出答案选择D项equally“均衡地”。

17.[答案]C.While

[考点]上下文逻辑关系

[注释]该题是考查上下文逻辑关系的典型题目，因此着力点应该放在上一段和这一段之间的关系。这一段第一句明确说出“这并不证明是幸福导致公司大量投资……”，所以两句话之间是转折关系，应该选择C项“然而”。

18.[答案]C.hints

[考点]上下文语义及动词词义辨析

[注释]该题可以看出是考查动词与at的固定搭配。arrives at“到达，抵达”; jumps at“扑向；欣然接受”; hints at“暗示”; strikes at“袭击，攻击”。文章中的at least和that possibility论证了这是一种可能性，只有hints at有这层含义。

19.[答案]A.shape

[考点]上下文语义及动词词义辨析

[注释]根据上下文应该选一个“影响”未来看法含义的动词，B项“再发现”; C项“使简化，使单纯”; D项“分享”均可以排除，A项“塑造，形成，影响”是最佳答案。

20.[答案]B.lean towards

[考点]上下文语义及动词词组词义辨析

[注释]本空格处考查动词词组，其词义应与and前面意思保持一致，且作用对象为研发。A.“祈祷”; B.“倾向”; C.“放弃，泄露”; D.“放出，给予”。只有B项能表达一种递进含义。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：

Readthe following fourtexts.Answerthe questions below eachtextby choosing A, B, Cor D.Markyour answers onthe ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）

Text 1

It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.

However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers —but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses.It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.

Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.

The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding boot camps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schools get the same curriculum, but“we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in, ”said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.

The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter thejob market.But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.

Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.

21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to ________.

A.complete future job training

B.remodel the way of thinking

C.formulate logical hypotheses

D.perfect artwork production

22.In delivering lessons for high-schools, Flatiron has considered their ________.

A.experience

B.interest

C.career prospects

D.academic backgrounds

23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________.

A.help students learn other computer languages

B.have to be upgraded when new technologies come

C.need improving when students look for jobs

D.enable students to make big quick money

24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ________.

A.bring forth innovative computer technologies

B.stay longer in the information technology industry

C.become better prepared for the digitalized world

D.compete with a future army of programmers

25.The word“coax”（Line 4, Para.6）is closest in meaning to ________.

A.persuade

B.frighten

C.misguide

D.challenge

21.[答案]B.remodel the way of thinking.

[注释]此题是文中人物观点题。根据Cortina定位到第二段前三句。Cortina认为尽早接触计算机科学是有益的。第三句“It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.”译为“在转变思维方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生那样困难”，即B项转变思维方式为同义替换。

22.[答案]D.interest

[注释]此题是细节题。根据关键词Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引号里面内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而D项为正确答案。

23.[答案]A.help students learn other computer languages

[注释]文中人物观点题。题干问的是Deborah Seehorn认为在Flatiron这里所学到的技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段But处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learn...apply to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能适用于任何编码语言。对比答案选项，A项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他计算机语言”，属于原文定位处的同义替换。

24.[答案]C.become better prepared for the digitalized world

[注释]细节题。题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron学校期望学生去干什么。据此定位到最后一段的“These kids are going to be”处，是题干的同义复现。定位句“These kids are...be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think...the better.”意思是学生们学得越早越好。C项“为数字化世界做更充分的准备”是同义表述。

25.[答案]A.persuade

[注释]词义句意题，结合上下文来解题。根据coax此单词，定位到最后一段最后一句“how to coax the machine into producing what they want”，考查固定搭配“persuade... into...”。A.“劝服”; B.“使恐慌”; C.“误导”; D.“挑战”。考生做题时一定要注意结合上下文来推测选项的词义，这是命题人的出题规律。

Text 2

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species'historic range.

The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation, ”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered, ”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.

Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies（WAFWA）, a coalition of stateagencies, the job of monitoring progress.Overall, the idea is to let“states”remain in the driver's seat for managing the species, Ashe said.

Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough.“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, ”says biologist Jay Lininger.

26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is ________.

A.its drastically decreased population

B.the underestimate of the grassland acreage

C.a desperate appeal from some biologists

D.the insistence of private landowners

27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ________.

A.was a give-in to governmental pressure

B.would involve fewer agencies in action

C.granted less federal regulatory power

D.went against conservation policies

28.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they ________.

A.agree to pay a sum for compensation

B.volunteer to set up an equally big habitat

C.offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job

D.promise to raise funds for USFWS operations

29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in ________.

A.the federal government

B.the wildlife agencies

C.the landowners

D.the states

30.Jay Lininger would most likely support ________.

A.industry groups

B.the win-win rhetoric

C.environmental groups

D.the plan under challenge

26.[答案]A.its drastically decreased population

[注释]此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段But前后关于lesser prairie chickens数量2 million与22000的强烈对比。此外第二段第二句“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”，都可以得知A.its drastically decreased population“种群急剧下降”为正确答案。

27.[答案]C.granted less federal regulatory power

[注释]此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第四句“They had..., a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power.”，而But之后是截然相反的事实，即政府授予了更少的管理权。故而C项为正确答案。

28.[答案]A.agree to pay a sum for compensation

[注释]推断题。题干问：“无意伤害此种鸟类的那些人是不会被检举的，如果……”根据题干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute..., as long as...”, if即原文as long as条件句的同义替换，意思是：“只要他们签署了计划。”下一句说到，该计划要求个人和企业去支付基金，对应A项“赞同支付一定数额的赔偿金”。

29.[答案]D.the states

[注释]此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段最后一句theideaistoletthe“states”remaininthedriver'sseatformanagingthespecies, Ashesaid．其中inthedriver'sseat对应题干中的theleadingrole，故而D项“各州”为正确答案。

30.[答案]C.environmental groups

[注释]文中人物观点题。题干问的是Jay Lininger最可能支持谁，大写人名定位到末段最后一句。最后一句提到：生物学家Jay Lininger说联邦政府要把责任推给导致鸟类灭绝的企业，显然是对政府和企业的反对。而前一句指出：企业团体和政府部门观点一致，环境学家与其观点恰巧一致。因此，Jay Lininger最支持环保团体的观点了。

Text 3

That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:There's never any time to read.

What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient.The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need.The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication...It is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires notjust time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.

In fact, “becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.Immersive reading，by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goal lessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading—useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind.“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, ”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles（days, hours, minutes）as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.”No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.

So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading.You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us“step outside time's flow”into“soul time.”You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work, too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're“making time to read, ”but just reading, and making time for everything else.

31.The usual time-management techniques don't work because ________.

A.what they can offer does not ease the modern mind

B.what challenging books demand is repetitive reading

C.what people often forget is carrying a book with them

D.what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed

32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .

A.update their to-do lists

B.make passing time fulfilling

C.carry their plans through

D.pursue carefree reading

33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps ________.

A.encourage the efficiency mind-set

B.develop online reading habits

C.promote ritualistic reading

D.achieve immersive reading

34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if ________.

A.reading becomes your primary business of the day

B.all the daily business has been promptly dealt with

C.you are able to drop back to business after reading

D.time can be evenly split for reading and business

35.The best title for this text could be ________.

A.How to Enjoy Easy Reading

B.How to Find Time to Read

C.How to Set Reading Goals

D.How to Read Extensively

31.[答案]D.what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed

[注释]因果细节题。题干提问：传统的时间管理方法不起作用的原因？根据题干定位到第二段首句the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient，即题干的同义替换，但要找原因。既然整段都在进行分析，最终原因必然在段末提到。直接定位到该段末句，指出“深入阅读要求的不单是时间，而且是一种只靠提高效率无法获得而专门分配的时间”。D项“深入阅读所需时间无法保证”正是原文末句的同义替换。

32.[答案]B.make passing time fulfilling

[注释]题干问“empty bottles”暗喻说明人们对做什么感到有压力，empty bottles在Gary Eberle所说的话中找到“The future comes at us like empty bottles...”。此话想必是为了说明前一句的观点。因此，该题定位到第三段“try to slot...but not the most fulfilling kind”，“只会处理目标明确的阅读，虽然有时有用，但不是最具成就感的那种读书”。B项“让流逝的时间带来成就感”是同义替换。

33.[答案]D.achieve immersive reading

[注释]人物观点题，注意区分文中人物观点和作者观点。题干问的是Eberle赞同为阅读设定规定性时间帮助________。根据题干精确定位到第四段第二句：You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle...into soul time”，意思是你会认为这可以提升效率思维模式，但实际上这些仪式性行为帮助我们迈出时间流而跨入“灵魂”（即全神贯注）时间。D项“达到沉浸式阅读”属于同义替换。

34.[答案][A]reading becomes your primary business of the day

[注释]细节题。题干问随时带本书会管用的前提条件。根据题干定位到末段中间一句“carry a book with you at all times can actually work, too...so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business.”，意思是这样的话阅读就成为不言自明的状态，只是临时露个面去关照一下业务。A项“阅读成了当天的头等大事”是该句的同义替换。

35.[答案]B.How to Find Time to Read

[注释]问最佳标题，即全文主旨。题干中关键词time反复出现，可确定其为全文主题词。统篇都围绕阅读时间来展开，因此正确答案为A.“如何找出时间阅读”。

Text 4

Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.

Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.

Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.

From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.

Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.

Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider, a 27-year-old auto-technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.Even now that he is working steadily, he said.“I can't afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.”Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college degrees, ”Schneider said.“I don't think people are capable of that anymore.”

36.One cross-generation mark of a successful life is ________.

A.trying out different lifestyles

B.having a family with children

C.working beyond retirement age

D.setting up a profitable business

37.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ________.

A.favor a slower life pace

B.hold an occupation longer

C.attach importance to pre-marital finance

D.give priority to childcare outside the home

38.The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ________.

A.become increasingly clear

B.focus on materialistic issues

C.depend largely on political preferences

D.reach almost all aspects of American life

39.Both young and old agree that ________.

A.good-paying jobs are less available

B.the old made more life achievements

C.housing loans today are easy to obtain

D.getting established is harder for the young

40.Which of the following is true about Schneider？

A.He found a dream job after graduating from college.

B.His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.

C.His parents'good life has little to do with a college degree.

D.He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.

36.[答案]B.having a family with children

[注释]此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第一句Across generational lines, ... including getting married, having children...，即成功生活方式的标志包括结婚生子，故正确选项是B项“成家养子”。

37.[答案]C.attach importance to pre-marital finance

[注释]此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段第一句Young people...to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children..．即年轻人认为夫妻在结婚前或者生小孩前应该在经济上达到稳定状态，故C项“重视婚前财务状况”为正确答案。

38.[答案]D.reach almost all aspects of American life

[注释]此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第四段第一句．..those just starting...will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects...，即这些期待将日益渗透到美国生活的各个方面，故而D项“延伸到美国生活方式的几乎所有方面”为正确答案。

39.[答案]D.getting established is harder for the young

[注释]此题是文中人物观点题。根据关键词定位到第五段第一句．..it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations，即“与长辈们相比，如今的年轻人生活起步较为困难”，故D项“成家立业对年青人较为困难”为正确答案。

40.[答案]C.His parents'good life has little to do with a college degree

[注释]此题是正误判断题。根据关键词定位到第六段第三句Looking back...his parents could provide a comfortable life for the children even though neither had completed college when he was young，即父母即便没有大学毕业，但仍可为子女提供舒适的生活”，故C项“父母过上的富裕生活与有无大学文凭没有多大关系”为正确答案。

Part B

Directions：

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs（41-45）.There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）

A.Be silly

B.Have fun

C.Ask for help

D.Express your emotions

E.Don't overthink it

F.Be easily pleased

G.Notice things

Act Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.

（1）As adults, it seems that we're constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.

41________

（2）What does a child do when he's sad? He cries.When he's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both.As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones.That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children________move on.

42________

A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.

43________

Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection.All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.

44________

The problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with________work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love.Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random（dancing around the living room, anyone?）________it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.

45________

Having said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.”And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.

答案解析：

要求考生确定小标题，首先明确7个选项的意思。应当把握本文的出发点，也就是41题目之前的关键句：我们应该从孩子身上学习一些东西。捉住本中心，每个标题都是提醒成人可以从孩子身上得到一些启示。

41.[答案]D.“表达情感”。

[注释]开头一连三个自问自答：“孩子悲伤时干什么？哭泣。孩子生气时又如何？大喊大叫。恐慌时呢？大概是又哭又叫。他们的表达方式与大人不同，成人学会控制情感，并且会有不好的后果，比如致病。紧接着最后一句算是总结：我们要找到一种合适的方式表达，像孩子那样——继续表达吧。重点在哪里？整段不离的中心意思，就是情感的表达。选项为D。

42.[答案]F.“易于欣喜”。

[注释]举例的目的无非是为了证明观点。但是从它也可以总结出要表达的意思。讲到一个小女孩因为一件廉价的圣诞礼物就欣喜若狂。再看后面的观点。提到成人世界里所谓的车啊房啊之类的东西似乎会让人幸福，其实不然。所以一个instead直接把本段的中心意思点出：通过对所做小事表示感激的方式来提升安乐指数要好得多。对应选项F。

43.[答案]A.“傻一点吧”。

[注释]主旨出现在第二句。问完是否注意过儿童那么多欢笑后指明成人如果能够由自己“慢一点”，多“傻笑点”，就会有各种好处：降低应激激素，提高内啡呔等良性激素，改善血液循环，以及增强抗感染能力。这些对提高幸福水平都有正面效果。主旨十分明显，那就是：傻一点吧。

44.[答案]B.“玩得开心”。

[注释]这一段讲到成人的世界里的确有太多让人烦恼的东西，But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love．享受自己喜欢的东西也很重要。接下来举例说明可以做的、可以享受的事情。一直在说应该放松、享受。所以选项中只有B最合适。

45.[答案]E.“别想太多”。

[注释]不应去强求幸福，正如庄子所说，幸福在于不去强求幸福，再看看儿童，幸福并不是他们追求的目标，而是其生活的自然产物。最后可以用排除法：G项“寻求帮助”根本未提及”; F项可以直接排除。只有E项才是正确选项。

Section Ⅲ Translation

46.Directions：

Translatethe following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）

The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy.And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 4,400 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more.The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.

[参考译文]

超市旨在吸引顾客在自己店内逗留的时间尽量拉长。原因很简单：顾客在店里待的时间越长，看到的东西就会越多；而看到的东西越多，你就会买得越多。超市有大批东西。根据食品营销研究院的调查，普通超市大概有40400种不同货物；很多超市更超过数万种。单凭现货选项的体量已足以让顾客进入信息过载状态。据脑部扫描实验，需要做这么多的决策很快就使人难以承受。大约购物40分钟以后，大部分顾客再也无力作出理性选择而会冲动购物——此刻购物车里堆积的，有一半的东西，是从未想过要买的。

Section Ⅳ Writing

Part A

47.Directions：

Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate youand ask for advice ontranslation.Write him areply to

1）thankhim, and

2）giveyouadvice.

You should write about 100 Words onthe ANSWER SHEET.

Donot sign your ownname atthe end of the letter.Use Li Ming instead.

Donotwrite the address.（10 points）

[参考范文]

Dear Jack，

Your letter of congratulations was received.Thank you for your nice words on my winning the contest.In the letter, you asked me about the skills to do translation, so the following are my advice for you.

Firstly, you should analyze the sentence structure, thus catching the meaning of the sentence.Secondly, find the proper words to translate the meaning of the source language into the target language.Thirdly, revise your translation at least three times to check if there are any mistranslations or missed meanings.

I hope my advice helpful.Wish to see you soon.

Yours sincerely，

Li Ming

Part B

48.Directions：

Write anessay based onthe chartbelow.Inyourwriting, youshould

1）interpretthe chart, and

2）giveyour comments.

You should write about 150 words onthe ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）

[参考范文]

Portrayed in the above pie chart is a survey of college students'purposes of traveling. The number of students who take traveling as a chance to see beautiful scenes accounts for 37%, while students who would like to travel to relieve pressure from study take up 35%.

There are several reasons behind the trend revealed in the above chart.To begin with, as the present society is filled with fierce competition, most college students nowadays are under great pressure to stand out among others or to launch a decent job after graduation.Therefore, they tend to choose traveling as an outlet to relieve their stress.Secondly, with the fast advancement of the living standards of Chinese families, traveling is increasingly affordable to most college students.For this reason, students prefer to travel to see different views to enjoy themselves or to make some friends.

From my perspective, no matter what reason it is for, traveling is of great benefit for students to acquire a broader perspective of life.If time permits, we college students should go to see the outside world more often.