第7章　托马斯·杰斐逊

7.1　复习笔记

Thomas Jefferson (1743－1826) (托马斯·杰斐逊)

1．Life (生平)

Thomas Jefferson is the leader and organizer of the American Revolution, a bourgeois democracy ideologist who advocates the equality of human rights, the freedom of speech, religion and person. He was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, April 13, 1743. This Virginian planter-aristocrat had vigorous humanitarian sympathies and he was just as much a product of the Enlightenment. His mind, ranged curiously over many fields of knowledge—law, philosophy, government, architecture, education, science, agriculture, mechanics—and whatever he touched, he enriched in some measure. In 1776, along with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston, he drafted the Declaration of Independence. He won the election of 1800, and served for two terms as president. He died in 1826, on the fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

托马斯·杰斐逊是美国独立革命的积极领导者和组织者，是资产阶级民主主义思想家，主张人权平等、言论、宗教和人身自由。托马斯·杰斐逊于1743年4月13日出生在弗吉尼亚夏洛茨维尔县。这位贵族式的种植园主有着强烈的人道主义同情心，他几乎是启蒙运动的产物。他所学知识广泛，在法律、哲学、政府、建筑、教育、科学、农业，力学等方面都颇有建树。1776年，他与约翰·亚当斯、富兰克林、罗杰·谢尔曼以及罗伯特R.利文斯顿共同起草了《独立宣言》。1800年，他当选美国总统，并连任两届。杰斐逊于1826年去世，恰逢《独立宣言》签署五十周年。

2．Influence (影响)

It may be that Thomas Jefferson’s thought and personality have influenced his countrymen more deeply, and remained more effectively alive than those of any other American.

托马斯·杰斐逊的思想和人格深深地影响了他生活的时代，他可能是给美国带来最为广泛影响的人物。一直到今天，人们仍然可以看到他给美国社会带来的深刻影响。

3．Major Works (主要作品)

The Declaration of Independence (1776) 《独立宣言》

Notes on the State of Virginia (1785) 《弗吉尼亚日记》

4．Selected Work (选读作品)

The Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》

The Declaration of Independence is often discussed as consisting of five parts: Introduction, the Preamble, the Indictment of George III, the Denunciation of the British people, and the Conclusion. It has come to be considered a major statement on human rights, particularly its second sentence: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

《独立宣言》通常被认为包括五个部分：“引言”、“序文”、“对乔治三世的控告”、“对英国人的谴责”以及“总结”。它已被认为是一则重要的人权宣言。尤其是第二句话：我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，即人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。