2.3　翻译示例汇总

一、确定词义

(1) The School of the Air (the school of the air)

【译文】广播学校(即通过电台对各地学生授课的学校)

(2) a family tree

【译文】家谱

(3) Last evening I went to a do held by our China Study Group.

【译文】昨晚我去参加了我们中国研究组的集会。

【解析】do： n. social function集会，娱乐宴聚活动

(4) the See of Sydney

【译文】悉尼教廷

【解析】see： n. the official seat, or centre of authority, of a bishop教廷

(5) They wanted us to have tea, but we said we’d just had it. Then Miss Standish wanted us to have tea and cake.

【译文】他们要我们吃晚饭，我们说刚吃过，于是斯坦迪什小姐就让我们喝茶，吃点心。

【解析】第一个tea意为“a meal eaten in the early evening”, 即晚饭

(6) Seven months they spend up there killing themselves in the cane season, ‘nd then they come down here to live a little.

【译文】甘蔗收获季节七个月，他们在那里累死累活。然后才能到这里稍稍享受享受

【解析】live： v. to enjoy life to the full尽情享受；

kill： v. to make feel great pain or exhaustion精疲力竭或受苦受累

(7) He’s unhappy now, because he had a blue with his friend just now.

【译文】他正闷闷不乐，因他刚才和朋友吵了架。

【解析】blue： n. an argument, quarrel or fight争吵或干架

(8) That’s a tall story about the town’s high street.

【译文】有关这城主街的说法实在令人难以置信。

【解析】high street：the main street of a town or a city；

tall： adj. hard to believe, exaggerated编造的，夸张的或难以置信的

(9) Miss Universe (or Miss World)

【译文】美人皇后或世界(宇宙)小姐

【解析】Miss Universe或Miss World意思为：the most beautiful or best girl of the world selected once a year

(10) She told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby.

【译文】她对我说她那18岁的儿子是她子女中最小的。

【解析】baby： n. a person of any age, who is the youngest of a family among brothers and sisters兄弟姐妹中最年小的

(11) Her mother is a sister in a Melbourne hospital.

【译文】她母亲是墨尔本一家医院的护士长。

【解析】sister： n. senior nurse in a hospital护士长或资历高的护士

(12) 协议书

【译文】正：Agreement(or：Written Agreement)

【解析】误：Agreement Book

(13) 王教授精通《小学》和《大学》。

【译文】Professor Wang is a master of the study of ancient forms, phonology and meaning of written language as well as of the book The Great Learning.

【解析】此句中的“小学”不能译成“primary school”或“elementary school”，《大学》也不能译为什么“university”之类。因为“小学”在此句中的意思是指研究文字古字形、训诂、音韵的学问；《大学》是我国古代经典著作《四书》之一。

(14) 家政学

【译文】Home Economics

【解析】汉、英词典中的解释为：家政学：旧时指关于家务管理方面的学问，现仍沿用；home economics：the study of diet, budgeting, childcare, and other subjects concerned with running a home. 因此不能误译成the learning of home governing.

(15) a) 毛泽东同志的思想和学说是永存的；

【译文】Comrade Mao Zedong’s thought and teachings will live forever.

b) 关于社会主义建设总路线的基本思想；

【译文】the ideas underlying the general line for building socialism

c) 破除迷信，解放思想；

【译文】Do away with all fetishes and superstitions and emancipate the mind.

d) 毛泽东军事思想的一个重要组成部分，是关于人民战争的思想；

【译文】An important component of Chairman Ma0’s military thinking is his concept of people’s war.

e) 政治问题和思想问题。

【译文】political and ideological questions

二、表达得体

(1) What we were offered was a big fat zero.

【译文】我们得到的是一个大零蛋。

(2) Carter is shooting at oil now, but who will be next?

【译文】卡特现在正拿石油开刀，下一个目标是谁呢?

(3) That notion is being nurtured by people.

【译文】一些人在吹这种风。

(4) He was open now to charges of willful blindness.

【译文】这时人们指责他装聋作哑。

(5) Look here, old boy, no one is interested in your bloody appreciation.

【译文】老兄，听着，没有人对你那个乱弹琴的意见发生兴趣。

(6) Alone Roosevelt could have accomplished little.

【译文】罗斯福要是光杆司令，他也不会有所作为。

(7) Naturally I, a child of both worlds, gin conscious of these.

【译文】作为新旧两个世界的后裔，我当然意识到这些关系。

(8) He wanted to learn, to know, to teach.

【译文】他想学习，增长知识，也愿意把自己的知识教给别人。

(9) It is possible that they never imagined that any considerable amount of public opinion would be rallied in their favour.

【译文】他们可能绝没想到，竟会有相当多的舆论支持他们。

(10) Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted.

【译文】曙色中的海岛美极了，晨曦柔和，彩云片片。澄澈的光影是无法描绘的。

三、正确理解与表达译例

例1：应用文方面的译例

汉译英例句

(1) ××书：

①申请书Letter of Application

②报告书Report

③协议书Agreement

④成绩通知书Grade Report

⑤(使用)说明书Directions

⑥旅行委托书Booking Form

⑦成交确认书Sales Confirmation

⑧电视机使用说明书Television Operation Guide

⑨白皮书White Book

⑩家书a Letter from Home(or：a letter to home)

(2) ××启事：

①招领启事Found

②鸣谢启事Acknowledgments

③征稿启事Contributions Wanted

④更正启事Corrections

(3) ××单：

①名单name list

②菜单menu

③账单bill

④保险单policy

⑤订阅单subscription form

⑥收款清单account note

⑦文艺汇演节目单a program of entertainment

⑧传单leaflet

⑨床单bed sheet

(4) ××表

①病历表case history form

②履历表resume

③时间表timetable

④日程表schedule

⑤价目表price list

(5) ××信：

①推荐信letter of recommendation

②证明信certificate

③口信an oral message

英译汉例句

(1) form

①form of receipt收条

②ticket order form订票单

③application form申请表

④book form(旅行)委托书

⑤a telegraph form 电报纸

(2) list

①make a list造表

②an active list现役官兵名册

③a name list名单

④an export list出口商品目录

例2：英汉互译中的习惯用法

(1) Admittance Free免票入场

(2) No Admittance Except on Business非公莫入

(3) Wet(or：Fresh)Paint油漆未干

(4) Visitors Declined谢绝参观

(5) Out of Bounds游客止步

(6) Engaged(or：Taken)有人占用

(7) Road Up，Detour马路翻修，车辆绕行

(8) Blocks(or：No Thoroughfare)此路不通

(9) See to the Fire小心烟火

(10) Cameras Forbidden严禁拍照

(11) Shooting Prohibited禁止打猎

(12) Keep Top Side Up请勿倒置

(13) Handle With Care小心轻放

(14) Round—the-Clock Business昼夜营业

(15) 售票处Booking(or：Ticket)Office

(16) 问讯台Information Desk

(17) 传达室Gate House

(18) 衣帽间Cloak(or：Check)Room

(19) 太平门Emergency Door(or：Exit)

(20) 意见箱Complaint Box

(21) 旅客(或顾客)留言簿Visitors’(or：Customers’)Book

(22) 前面施工Workmen Ahead

(23) 勿踏草地Keep Off the Grass

(24) 中速行驶，安全礼让Drive at Moderate Speed; Yield the Right of Way for Safety’s Sake

例3：容易译错的例子

短语：

(1) warming-up exercises准备性练习，热身活动

(2) space shuttle航天飞机

(3) the Braille system布莱叶盲字(系统)

(4) escalator lift自动楼梯，滚梯(=escalift)

(5) rush hours高峰时间

(6) traffic jams交通阻塞

(7) super highway高速公路

(8) Russian dressing蛋黄酱

(9) “Your Honour” “法官先生(阁下)”

(10) courtesy card优待卡

(11) O level学科水平合格证

(12) a pop test突然袭击的考试

(13) guidance counselor(学生)求职顾问

(14) the Dewey decimal system(DDS)杜威十进制(图书)分类法

(15) games of chances运气游戏(of. games of skills技艺游戏)

(16) picture writings象形文字

(17) Evening Standard《旗帜晚报》

(18) Syncom同步通讯卫星

(19) extended family直系家庭

(20) Waltzing Matilda背着铺盖流浪四方

句子：

(1) The Times(London)is a quality newspaper.

【译文】伦敦的《泰晤士报》是份优质报纸。

(2) “How We Kept Mother’s Day” was written by an English—born Canadian author.

【译文】《我们是怎样过母亲节的》是一位英国出生的加拿大作者写的。

(3) I have a government grant which is enough for my keep.

【译文】我得到一笔足够我生活的政府拨款。

(4) The leisure business chiefly refers to tourist industry and the industry of entertainment.

【译文】消遣业(休闲业)主要指旅游业和娱乐业。

(5) Agriculture still is the States’ biggest industry.

【译文】农业仍然是美国最大的行业。

(6) Tom was born on Boxing Day, 1941.

【译文】汤姆生于l941年的节礼日。

(7) He said he’d love a trip on a luxury liner because he was always a good sailor.

【译文】他说他喜欢乘舒适豪华的班船旅行，因为他从不晕船。

(8) My former teacher told me that as an English major I should read Major Barbara, one of the major plays by G. B. Shaw.

【译文】我以前的老师告诉我，作为一名英专学生我应该读读G. 萧伯纳的主要剧作之一《巴巴拉少校》。

(9) Years ago, John, a student of an American high school which was a public school, and Jean, a public school student in England, are now classmates in a university of China.

【译文】几年前，约翰是美国一所公立中学的学生，吉恩是英国一所私立中学的学生，而现在却在中国的一所大学成了同班同学。

(10) In every high street throughout Britain nowadays there is at least one “Do-it-yourself” shop.

【译文】在今日整个英国，城镇主街上至少有一家“自己动手”店铺。

(11) Mr. Brown thinks that family life is not enough without friends even if it is fulfilling.

【译文】布朗先生认为，没有朋友的家庭生活，即使很美满，也是不够的。

(12) Some schedules are subject to last minute changes. Please call us if you can’t come.

【译文】有些时间表，直到最后一分钟都会变化。要是你不能来，请打电话(给)我们。

(13) English is a language branch belonging to the West Germanic line of the Indo-European family.

【译文】英语是一属于印欧语系的西日尔曼语族的语支。

(14) If the newspapers want to have a large circulation number, they must be informative, instructive and entertaining.

【译文】如果报纸想得以大量发行，则必须具有知识性、思想性和趣味性。

(15) And live telecasts now can come from outer space：In l969, the first astronauts to land on the moon televised their historic “moon walk” to viewers on the earth.

【译文】外层空间如今可以通过电视进行实况转播：1969年第一批宇航员登上月球。用电视向地球上的观众播放他们那具有历史意义的“月球漫步”。

(16) Like knows like.

【译文】英雄识英雄。

(17) There’s a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of that guy.

【译文】那家伙生性既残暴又狡猾。

(18) Every life has its roses and thorns.

【译文】人人都有乐与苦。

(19) Unexpectedly he found the regular mail on the standard lamp.

【译文】他没想到在落地灯上找到了那封普通邮件(或平信)。

(20) In jotting down, people like to use abbreviations, acronyms and initials.

【译文】在快速作笔记时，人们喜欢用缩写词、首字母缩略词和首字母。

(21) He bought a cassette recorder in Washington D. C. with credit cards instead of cash.

【译文】他在首都华盛顿(或：哥伦比亚特区华盛顿)用信用卡(或记账)而不是用现金买了一台卡式(或盒式)录音机。

(22) It was a grand experience to watch the TV animated cartoons Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck at Disney World, Florida.

【译文】在佛罗里达(州)的迪斯尼游乐大世界看电视动画片《米老鼠和唐老鸭》真是人生一大快事。

(23) No later artist of the School of Paris has replaced P. R. Picasso, a founder of cubism in international influence.

【译文】在立体主义画派创始人之一的毕加索之后的巴黎学派中尚无人能够超过他的国际影响。

(24) A policeman stopped the car and said to the driver, “You haven’t turned your lights on, sir, I must give you a ticket”.

【译文】警察叫汽车停下，对司机说：“你没有亮灯，先生，我必须给你一张违规通知单。”

(25) 他在伦敦那所广播、电视与函授大学学习时，常常认真做家庭作业，甚至连自由选作题也作了。

【译文】During his study in the Open University in London he often did his homework conscientiously and even completed the open questions.

(26) 他喜欢喝果味酒。

【译文】He likes to drink fruit cup.

(27) 本杰明·弗兰克林希望年轻人在他规划的职业学校里学到最有用的东西。

【译文】Beruamin Franklin hoped that the young people could learn the most useful things in the academy he planned.

(28) 赵忠祥同志曾是中国赫赫有名的电视节目主持人，尤以主持智力竞赛节目出名。

【译文】Comrade Zhao Zhongxiang was a well-known TV programme moderatot, particularly noted for being a quiz master.

(29) 自然科学分类统计资料如下：

【译文】The breakdown of the physical sciences is as follows：

(30) 他长得黑黝黝的,身材偏瘦而匀称；而他头发颜色浅浅的，眼睛碧蓝。

【译文】He’s dark and slim, and he’s got fair hair and blue eyes.

短小段落：

(1)

Going to the Theatre

If you want to be certain of seeing a play in London, you have to book your seat in advance. You can buy your tickets either at a theatre ticket agency or at the box-office in the theatre itself. If you go in a large party, it is not always possible for all of you to sit in the same part of the theatre. Some will have to sit in the stalls, others in the dress circle, and some in the upper circle. Seats in a box or the front stalls are the most expensive. While buying your tickets, you’ve got to make clear whether they are for matinee or evening.

【译文】

去看戏

如果你想有把握在伦敦看场戏，就得事先订票。买票到剧院售票代办处或在剧院内的售票处均可。假如是集体看戏，要坐在一块总是不大可能。有的要坐在正厅(前几排)，另外一些人得坐在楼座前几排，有的坐楼座后几排。包厢和正厅前排座位票价最高。买票的时候，你一定要弄清你要的票是日场的还是夜场的。

(2)

In the Airplane

—A Dialogue Between Stewardess and Passenger

S: May I see your boarding pass?

P: Oh here it is. I hope I got non-smoking section.

S: Yes, you did. It’s Seat 32C on the aisle.

P: Miss, this is my first flight. I wonder if you could show me the ropes.

S: Certainly, I’d be glad to. Everyone has to make their first flight sometime.

P: Thanks, I don’t even know how to fasten my safety belt.

S: The intercom will give you instructions.

P: Thank you.

S: (Some time later) Hello there. How are you doing?

P: Fine so far, but my ears feel a little funny.

S: That’s the air pressure. You’ll get used to it in a little while.

P: Could I have some drink?

S: I’ll bring you one. Would you like Coke, Seven-up, beer or wine?

P: Just water, please.

【译文】

在飞机上

——空姐与乘客的对话

空姐：我可以看看您的登机卡(证)吗?

乘客：请看。我希望我的座位在不抽烟区。

空姐：是在不抽烟区。你的是32排c座，靠走道。

乘客：小姐，这是我头一次坐飞机，你能否告诉我有关规则?

空姐：没问题，我乐意效劳。谁都有初次乘机的时候。

乘客：太谢谢了，我连怎么系安全带都不知道。

空姐：机内通讯联络系统会告诉你的。

乘客：谢谢。

空姐(片刻之后)：喂，您感觉如何?

乘客：至今还好，可就是耳朵感到不舒服(或：有点不好受)。

空姐：是空气压力的原因，过一会就习惯了。

乘客：我可以喝点什么吗?

空姐：就来。您是要可口可乐，七喜(汽水)，啤酒还是葡萄酒?

乘客：只要点水就行了。

(3)

在饭馆吃饭

西方人按下列顺序进餐：首先是开胃品，其次是汤，再次是正式饭菜了，接着是色拉(或：凉拌菜)，最后是甜点和茶或咖啡。

男招待：先生，您要用点什么?

顾客：我还没看菜单，请拿份好吗?

男招待：请看，先生。点菜在左页，份饭在右页。

【译文】

Eating at a Restaurant

Westerners eat their food in the following order: first, the appetizer, second, the soup, third, the dinner itself, fourth, salad, and finally, dessert and tea or coffee.

Waiter: May I take your order, sir?

Customer: I haven’t seen a menu yet. May I have one, please?

Waiter: Here’s one, sir. The a la carte dishes are on the left. The regular dinners are on the right-hand page.