雅思周计划:写作(移民类)(第五版)
上QQ阅读APP看书,第一时间看更新

第四节 必备词汇

一、11大类常考话题词汇

通过对雅思写作历年考试真题和官方范文的研读,我们不难发现,雅思写作可能涉及的词汇并非漫无边际,而是围绕生活、教育、工作、社会、经济、体育、旅游、交通、犯罪、媒体和环境话题展开的。在语言表达方面,更多强调的是用词的准确和多变,而不是考查用词的专业和难度。因此考生在备考的时候,可以按照相关话题进行词汇的梳理,既可以是别人已经整理好的,也可以是自己从阅读各类话题范文中摘录出来的。这些词汇有话题语境为背景,又加以合理归类,所以遗忘率会较低而利用率则较高。而对于话题中的少数专业词汇,建议视时间和能力量力而行。可以明确的是,没有专业词汇,雅思写作照样可以拿七分。

下面我们就按照考试的话题类别对一些重点词汇进行了总结归纳,在本书的第二部分我们会通过大量的范文不断加深对这些词汇的印象并帮助考生熟练运用这些词汇。

1.生活类话题

安全感 a feeling of security

保障下岗职工基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers

不断跳槽 skip from job to job

不同的经验 a diverse mix of experience

财富急剧增长 multiply one's wealth

长期经常性跳槽者 chronic job-hopper

超时工作 work overtime

成本低的 cost-effective

传统的朝九晚五 the traditional nine-to-five office routine

促进社会发展 accelerate social development

挫折感 a sense of frustration

大量的问题 a huge array of problems

单调的工作 humdrum job

低价劳动力 low-priced labour

多才多艺 versatile talent

多年的辛苦努力 years of concentrated efforts

额外的费用 extra expenses

非常疲倦 be tired out

分担责任 share the responsibility

丰富的工作经验 a broad range of work experiences

改进的生活方式 an improved lifestyle

高经济收入 high financial reward

高科技领域 high-tech world

高收入的工作 well-paid job

各行各业 different walks of life

工作的满足感 job satisfaction

公共财产 public property

公众人物 public figure

沟通技巧 communication skill

固定收入 regular income

关心物质待遇 be concerned about material gains

归属感 a sense of belonging

过上体面的生活 lead a decent life

过着懒散的生活 lead an indolent life

和睦相处的家庭关系 harmonious family atmosphere

基本的生活技能 basic life-skills

极度贫穷的 poverty-stricken

加强家庭联系 strengthen family bonds

家庭暴力 domestic violence

交通堵塞 traffic congestion

接触到最新的信息 have quick and easy access to the latest/up-to-date information

接受新思想 embrace new ideas

经济资助 financial aid

精神崩溃 mental breakdown

精神食粮 spiritual nourishment

竞争意识 competitive consciousness

就业机会 employment opportunity

具有挑战性和前景的职位 challenging and promising position

可以使用 have access to

良性循环 benignant circle

两代的冲突 generation clash

琳琅满目的商品 a variety of commodities

灵活的工作时间表 flexible work schedule

旅游胜地 tourist resort

内心世界 inner world

内在素质 inner quality

疲倦的 be worn out

平衡工作和家庭的关系 balance work and family

求职者 job-hunter, job-seeker

驱除孤独 drive off loneliness

缺乏大人的陪伴 lack of adult companionship

人身攻击 personal assault

认真思考某事 give careful thought to sth.

社会地位 social status

社会地位和权力 social position and power

生活背景和经历 life backgrounds and experiences

生活费用 cost of living

生活节奏 living tempo

生活水平 living standard

使技能不断更新 keep skills fresh and up to date

受过良好教育的 well-educated

一个受过良好教育的群体 a well-educated population

思维方式 way of thinking

思想狭隘的 narrow-minded

缩小差距 bridge the gap

提升个人能力 improve personal skills

体力活动 physical activity

体面的工作 a decent job

同等对待 be equally treated

同甘共苦 share the weal and woe(joys and sorrows/comforts and hardships)

西方文明 western civilisation

吸引注意力 grab the attention

先进的通信设施 advanced communication means

闲暇时间的活动 leisure hour activity

相互了解 mutual understanding

消除代沟 bridge the generation gap

消除误会 remove/clear up misunderstanding

孝敬老人 show filial obedience to the older generation

心理素质 psychological quality

训练有素的专业人员 well-trained professional

要求高的工作 demanding position

以不法行为(途径) by unlawful/illegal means

饮食行业 catering industry

拥挤的公共交通 crowded public transport

用完 run out of

有效的时间安排 effective time management

有效率的工作环境 productive work environment

舆论 public opinion

展示某人的才能 exhibit/display one's talent

争取权益 struggle for rights

正规教育 formal education

职业技能 professional skill

职业猎头 professional head-hunter

致力于(做)某事 dedicate oneself to(doing)sth.

置若罔闻 turn a deaf ear to

主要的促进因素 prime motivator

专门从事 be specialised in

追求职业目标 pursue their career goals

自我实现 self-fulfillment, self-realisation

自我为中心的 self-centred

尊老 show respect for the elderly

2.教育类话题

小学教育 primary-level education

中学教育 secondary-level education

大学教育 tertiary-level education

职业教育 vocational education/training

大学入学考试/高考 University Entrance Examination

标准测试 a standardised test

高等教育 higher education

基本理论 fundamental theories

理解和分析能力 ability of comprehension and analysis

学习成绩 academic performance

上课 attend class

获取知识 acquire knowledge

抓住书的要点 grasp the gist of a book

平均分 average score

充分发挥 bring into full play

开阔视野 broaden one's mind/horizon

扩大知识面 broaden one's scope of knowledge

男女同校 co-education

体罚 corporal punishment

有助于个性的发展 facilitate the development of individuality

形成一个好的学习习惯 form a good habit of studying

培养能力 foster one's capability

频繁重复 frequent repetition

在较好的环境中长大 grow up under more favourable circumstances

更好地掌握 have a better grasp of

使天生的想象力得到训练 have one's innate powers of imagination trained

认清职业兴趣和目标 identify his/her career interests and goals

传授知识 impart knowledge

提高教学效果 improve teachers' performance

在不同的学习阶段 in different learning stages

差生 inferior students

强化责任感 intensify the sense of responsibility

培养竞争与合作精神 foster a sense of competition and cooperation

智商 IQ (intelligence quotient)

知识渊博的,有见识的 knowledgeable

取长补短 learn from each other's strengths to offset their own weaknesses

远程教育 long-distance education

维持学习的延续性 maintain the continuity of learning

作出正确判断 make correct judgement

衡量教育质量 measure the quality of education

死记硬背 learn things by rote/memorise information mechanically

信息记忆 memorisation of information

智力发展 mental growth

良师益友,导师,指导者 mentor

导师 tutor

培养强烈的竞争意识 nurture a strong sense of competition

整体理解 overall comprehension

拥有明显优势 possess an apparent advantage over

贫困学生 poverty-stricken students

实用的技巧和方法 pragmatic skills and methods

学前教育 preschool education

素质教育 quality-oriented education

接受必要的教育 receive adequate education

奖学金 scholarship

校服 school uniform

危机感 sense of crisis

塑造儿童的性格 shape(mold)children's character

知识来源 source of knowledge

以学生为中心的教育 student-oriented education

教学大纲 syllabus

参加入学考试 take an entrance examination

从事兼职工作 take a part-time job

教育工作者 teaching staff

独立学习的能力 the ability of studying independently

信息爆炸的时代 the age of information explosion

填鸭式的教学方法 the cramming method of teaching

最实用的方法 the most practical method

最简单的方法 the simplest method

学费 tuition

陷入学费支付的忧虑中 get into the anxiety of tuition paying

发挥创造潜能 use one's creative potential

在大学里重视他们的学习 value their study in college

适应性强 well-adapted

受过良好教育 well-educated

过度宠爱 excessive permissiveness

为……负责 be responsible for

承担义务 assume the obligation/responsibility

责任感 the sense of responsibility

推卸责任 pass the buck(to)/shirk one's obligation

青少年(复数) youths/youngsters/adolescents

报答父母 repay one's parents

人才 talented person

精英 elite

本科生 undergraduate

毕业生 graduate

研究生 postgraduate

博士 doctor

博士学位 doctorate

博士后的 postdoctoral

证书 diploma/credential

传授知识 impart/inculcate knowledge

灌输高尚的道德观 instill high moral values(注意values复数表示价值观)

给学生以动力 give the students motivation to do sth. /motivate the students to do sth.

给学生以灵感 stimulate the students' thought/give the students inspiration

培养(某种素质) cultivate/foster/nurture

促进学生身心的发展 promote the student's physical/mental/intellectual and emotional development

心理健康 psychological soundness/well-being/welfare

能力(先天获得) aptitude/talent

能力(后天学习得到) ability/skill

儿童接受的家庭教育 upbringing/parenting

教学法 methodology/pedagogical methodology

用填鸭式教学来教育学生 force-feed the students

为了记忆而记忆 memorise for memorisation's sake

记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律 memorise equations, formulas, theorems and laws

应用 apply

盲从 follow something blindly/indiscriminately

限制创造力的发展 extinguish/stifle/constrain creativity

打击学生的积极性 dampen/sap the students' enthusiasm/frustrate the students

产生不必要的压力 beget/create undue pressure

把学生分开教育 segregate students

来自其他同学的压力 peer pressure

适应 adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.

适应能力 adaptability

逆境 adverse circumstances/adversity

团队精神 team spirit

独立思考 think independently

在理解的基础上学习 learn things through understanding

鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题 encourage students to think critically

学生的反馈 students' feedback

评价老师的教学 appraise/evaluate their teachers' performance

学生对老师所教知识的掌握 students' grasp/command of what has been taught

全部课程(学生学习的各门功课加在一起) curriculum

课外活动 extra-curricular activities

不遵守纪律 indiscipline/misbehaviour/mischief

不遵守纪律的学生 disruptive/unruly students

理论知识 theoretical knowledge

计算机知识 computer literacy

就业技能 employable/marketable skills

通才 generalist

专才 specialist

全面发展的 well-rounded/versatile

为社会健康发展作贡献 contribute to societal well-being/welfare

人文学科 humanities(含文学、历史、语言学等)

社会学科 social sciences(含政治、经济学、社会学等)

艺术 arts(含音乐、雕塑等)

文科(总称) liberal arts/ liberal studies

理科(总称) sciences

工科 engineering(含工程、自动化等)

(大学里任何一个)学科 discipline

基础科学 basic sciences

应用科学 applied sciences

3.工作类话题

灵活的时间安排 flexible scheduling

灵活的工作选择 flexible working options

追求职业目标 pursue their career goal

远程办公 telecommuting

工作时间表 work schedule

竞争力 competitiveness

尽责的,谨慎的 conscientious

在家庭和事业之间挣扎 juggle family and career

适应性 adaptability

使自己适应…… adapt oneself to…

繁荣 prosperity

对……不利 be disadvantageous to…

人才流动 flow of personnel

人才流动机制 mechanism of personnel flow

适者生存 survival of the fittest

成就感 a sense of accomplishment

潜能 potentiality

学习合作和妥协 learn to cooperate and compromise

对……印象很深 be deeply impressed with…

企业文化 company philosophy

灵活性 flexibility

竞争激烈的 competitive

舞台 arena

团队合作精神 team-work spirit

珍惜机会 treasure opportunity

收入颇丰 a fat salary

和谐的人际关系 a harmonious interpersonal relationship

物质待遇 material gains

光明的前途 promising future

光明的前景 bright prospect

一份具有挑战性的工作 a challenging job

转折点 turning point

与……息息相关 be closely related to…

出人头地 get advanced in society

一份体面的工作 a decent job

升迁机会 chance of promotion

稳定感和满足感 stability and satisfaction

使技能可以不断更新 keep skills fresh and up-to-date

开阔视野 expand one's horizon

平衡工作和生活 balance work and life

朝九晚五一族 from-nine-to-five

承担起自己的责任 shoulder/undertake one's responsibility

提升自我 upgrade oneself

高收入的工作 a well-paid job

创造性的工作 creative work

迎接挑战 stand up to / meet the challenge

实现人生价值 realise the value of life

丰富一个人的社会阅历 enrich one's social experience

培养自己的独立性和坚韧性 cultivate one's independence and toughness

追求个人发展 seek for personal development

展示才能 display one's talent

自我实现感 a sense of self-fulfillment

提升机会 promotion opportunity

满足某人的个性化需求 meet one's personalised needs

确定自己的角色 define one's role

社会认可 social recognition

获取经验 accumulate experience

鼓舞人心的 inspiring

动机 motivation

工作狂 workaholic

工作环境 working environment

加班 work overtime

提高某人的能力 improve one's capabilities

培养才智 develop one's talents

理想的工作场所 ideal workplace

掌握人际交往的技能 master interpersonal skills

生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated

疲劳 fatigue

抑郁症 depression

失眠 sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia

导致人与人之间疏远 create alienation between people

过于功利的 materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping

追求最大限度的利润 pursue maximum profit

交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic congestions/gridlock (最后一个是不可数名词)

阻碍 impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit

让人担心的 worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting

危害,破坏 undermine/spoil/do a disservice to sth. /ruin/imperil/endanger/ jeopardise

伤害,毁坏 harm/damage/destruction/devastation

恶化 worsen /deteriorate

导致某种问题更加恶化 amplify /magnify /aggravate a problem

缓解 ease/alleviate/mitigate

在家上班 telecommute

休闲 leisure/recreation

精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment

娱乐 entertainment/diversion

宽松的管理 laissez-faire management

运营成本 operating costs/overhead costs

雇用 recruit

会导致效率降低的 counterproductive

劳动力资源 labour pool

4.社会类话题

城市化 urbanisation

集中化 centralisation

不平衡 imbalance

从长远角度而言 in the long run

基础设施 infrastructure

繁荣发展的 booming

第三产业 tertiary industry

宁静 tranquility

税收 revenue

标志 hallmark

交通拥挤 traffic congestion

水短缺 water scarcity

环境污染 environmental pollution

过度工业化 over-industrialisation

过度拥挤 over-crowdedness

失业 unemployment

财富分配 wealth distribution

社会动荡 social instability

城市建设 urban construction

人口激增 population explosion

滋生犯罪 breed crimes

犯罪率上升 a rising crime rate

能源和资源消耗 drain of energy and resources

提供更多的就业机会 offer more job opportunities

快节奏的生活 a rapid pace of life

与压力有关的疾病 stress-related illnesses

高额生活费用 high cost of living

田园生活 pastoral life

阶级两极分化 class polarisation

社会福利 social welfare

给予……特殊关照 give special care to…

城市扩张 urban sprawl

便捷的交通工具 convenient transportation means

更好的医疗服务 better medical services

城市生活压力 pressure of modern life in the city

易于患上…… be vulnerable to…

不好社交的 unsociable

熔炉 melting pot

处于……的边缘 on the brink of…

归咎于…… put the blame on…

归因为…… be attributable to…

消费方式 ways of consumption

遭受重大损失 suffer heavy losses

面临着…… be confronted with…

恶性循环 vicious cycle

一种可行的措施 a feasible measure

优先考虑…… give priority to…

城市规划者 city planners

拆除 tear down

人文历史遗址 humane historical sites

保护文化遗产 preserve cultural relics

蓝图 blueprint

摩天大楼 skyscraper

高层写字楼 high-rise office buildings

城市建设 city construction

结构良好的 well-structured

驱动力 driving force

重建 reconstruct

破坏 destroy

建筑工业 architectural industry

制定出 map out

城市设计 city designing

有特殊审美价值的老房子 old building of special aesthetic value

有特殊历史意义的老房子 building of historic significance

民居 vernacular dwellings

让城市更美观 beautify the cities/better the cityscape

破旧的(房子) decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated

拆除一座建筑 tear down/demolish/raze/knock down a building

高楼 high-rise buildings

城市化 urbanisation

城乡差距 the disparity between the city and the countryside

城市的 urban

乡村的 rural

搬迁 relocate

5.经济类话题

很大的贫富差距 a big gap between the poor and the rich

供应,供给 accommodate

增加纳税人负担 add burden on the taxpayer

各种基本需求 all kinds of basic needs

资金分配 allocation of funds

协助,援助,补助 assistance

平衡,结余 balance

政府的经济支持 be financially supported by the government

就其本质而言 by nature

信用卡 credit card

减少军费开支 cut down on military expenses

应该要求和得到政府提供的经费 require and deserve funding by the government

丰富我们的生活 enrich our lives

使富足 enrich

财政,金融 finance

财政奖励 financial incentive

金融的,财政的 financial

为全民族的 for the whole nation

差距 gap

政府援助计划 government assistance schemes

层次,层级 hierarchy

利息率 interest rate

在艺术和体育设备上投资 invest in arts and sports facilities

在武器和国防上投资更多 invest more in weapons and national defense

投资 invest

保持平衡 keep a balance

利用 make use of

许多不同的方式 many different ways

误用,滥用 misuse

透支 overdraw

资助艺术 patronise arts

资助 patronise

发挥外交作用 play a diplomatic function

保护文化、历史和艺术遗产 preserve cultural, historic and artistic heritage

以利润为导向的 profit-oriented

宣传他们的产品或服务 promote their products or services

为……提供援助 provide assistance to

保卫国家不受潜在威胁 safeguard the country from potential threat

稳定的财政支持 stable financial support

投资国防 subsidise national defense

资助,补贴 subsidise

坚固的,实质的,充实的 substantial

支持球队或球员 support a team or player

扶持,支持 support

不同的发展阶段 the different developing stages

军费支出 the military expenditure

国家防御部门 the national defense-related sector

国家防御力量 the power of national defense

浪费金钱 waste of money

没有任何歧视 without any discrimination

6.体育类话题

健壮的身体 a well-turned body

敢于冒险的人 adventurous person/adventurer

有氧运动 aerobic exercise

有氧训练 aerobic training

依靠氧气的,增氧健身法的 aerobic

无氧训练 anaerobic training

仰泳 backstroke

平衡木 balance beam

杠铃 barbell

棒球 baseball

篮球场 basketball court

篮球 basketball

好身体 be in good health

处于良好的健康状态 be in shape

身材走形 be out of shape

肚皮舞 belly dance

身形/身材 body shape

蛙泳 breaststroke

吸气 breathe in

吐气 breathe out

加强肌肉训练 build up one's muscles

蹦极跳 bungee jumping

燃烧卡路里 burn calorie

心血管训练 cardiovascular training

心血管的 cardiovascular

挑战生命极限 challenge the extreme of life

锦标赛 championship

俱乐部会员 club member

沟通技巧 communication skills

板球 cricket

骑自行车运动 cycle racing

危险运动 dangerous sports

体育馆内的活动 exercise in gymnasium

呼气,发出 exhale

急救箱 first aid kit

健身中心 fitness centre

健身俱乐部 fitness club

健身器材 fitness equipment

弯曲(关节),收缩(肌肉) flex

放风筝 fly kites

塑形,减肥 get in shape

单杠 horizontal bar

冰球 ice hockey

促进新陈代谢 increase one's metabolism

吸入,吸气 inhale

柔道 judo

保持体形 keep in shape

举重 lift weights

跳绳 loop skipping

减肥 lose fat/weight

垫上运动 mat exercise

会费 membership fee

精神状况 mental condition

新陈代谢 metabolism

登山 mountain climbing

肌肉结实度 muscle tone

国家荣誉 national honour

奥运会 Olympic Games/Olympics

户外运动 outdoor sports

喜爱户外运动的人 outdoor type

双杠 parallel bar

投资体育设备 patronise sports facilities

健康状况 physical condition

撑竿跳高 pole vault

肌肉拉伤 pull/strain a muscle

减少脂肪 reduce fat

代表他们的国家 represent their country

轮滑,滑旱冰 roller skating

橄榄球 rugby

体形 shape

推铅球 shot-put/shot put

仰卧起坐 sit-up/situp

滑冰 skating

滑雪 skiing

缓解疲劳 soothe/ease fatigue

露天大型运动场 stadium

保持活力 stay motivated

肌耐力训练 strength training

体育运动的优点 the advantages of exercise

满足竞争天性 satisfy one's competitive nature

加强肌肉锻炼 tone up muscles

使身体健壮 tone up one's body

锦标赛 tournament

田径运动 track and field

肺活量 vital capacity

暖身 warm up

赢得主办权 succeed in the bid to host

世界杯 World Cup

7.旅游类话题

旅游景点 tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest

开阔眼界 expand one's vision/horizon

游客与当地人的互动 Tourists can interact with the locals.

促进文化交流 promote cultural communication

吸引 draw/attract/appeal to/be a magnet for somebody

亲身体验 first-hand experience

多种感官体验的(如听觉、触觉等) multi-sensory

相互了解 mutual understanding

把游客和当地人隔离 seclude/isolate the tourist from the locals

商业化 commercialise

欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps

冲突 conflict with

争端 discord/dissension

间接体验(如通过电视或互联网) second-hand experience

文化遗产 cultural heritage

互联网不会让旅游业过时 The Internet will not render tourism obsolete.

8.交通类话题

汽车工业 automobile industry

促进经济发展 boost the economic development

征税 levy tax

现代化 modernisation

被视为…… be viewed as…

对……担忧/关注…… be concerned about…

无污染燃料 pollution-free fuel

奢侈品 luxury

慢性铅中毒 chronic lead poisoning

使……充斥着…… fill… with…

汽车的普及 popularisation of cars

把重心放在…… lay emphasis on…

遵守交通规则 observe traffic regulations

违反交通规则 break traffic regulations

遇上堵车 get stuck in traffic

上下班高峰时间 rush hour

缓解交通压力 ease the traffic pressure

行人 pedestrian

人行道 pavement

斑马线 zebra crossing

超速行驶 overspeed

交通堵塞地区,瓶颈路段 bottleneck

制定出积极有效的法律 lay down effective laws

对……实施限制 impose restrictions on

目光短浅的 short-sighted

支柱产业 a pillar industry

充分利用 make full use of

公路网 road networks

限速 speed limits

提高生活质量 enhance the quality of life

付出惨痛的代价 pay a heavy price

促进相关产业的发展 promote the development of relative industries

交通运输工程 transportation engineering

汽车的数量 the number of cars

需要 call for

过度拥挤的 overcrowded

违规者 violator

交通事故 traffic accidents

令人头痛的事 headache

与……相冲突 conflict with…

主要原因 major cause

被……所取代 be replaced by…

为……提供便利 provide convenience for…

电脑监控系统 computer monitoring system

缓解交通堵塞 relieve the traffic congestion

加快车流量 accelerate the flow of traffic

交通法规 traffic laws and regulations

9.犯罪类话题

犯罪率上升 a rise in crime rates

犯罪 commit a crime

触犯法律 break/violate/flout/disobey the law

犯罪倾向 criminal tendency

网络犯罪 cybercrime

灾难性的错误 disastrous error

欺骗性的 deceptive

守法的公民 law-abiding citizens

遵守法律 abide by/comply with the law

青少年犯罪的增加 the rise of juvenile delinquency

暴力犯罪 violent crime

犯罪行为 criminal acts

罪行 offences/crimes/criminal acts

走上犯罪道路 embark on the criminal road

无法抵制的 irresistible

给某人造成心理创伤 traumatise someone

危害社会稳定和安全 endanger social stability and safety

对……有不良影响 have unhealthy and harmful effects on…

造成不可逆转的损失 cause irreversible damage

无视 disregard

受害者 victim

罪犯 criminal/offender/culprit/perpetrator

囚犯 inmate/convict

从犯 accomplice/accessory

初犯的人 first-time offender

惯犯 hardened criminals/repeat criminals

重罪 heinous crime/flagitious crime/felony

轻罪 petty crime/misdemeanor

再次犯罪 revert to crime

累犯 recidivism

抓捕 track down/hunt down/capture

创伤 trauma

憎恨社会 resent society/hold a grudge against society

执法部门 law enforcement agencies

牢房 cell/prison

监禁 imprison/incarcerate

教育罪犯 educate/edify criminals

改造罪犯 reform/rehabilitate criminals

宽容的 lenient

有预谋的犯罪 premeditated crime

遏制猖獗的犯罪 curb/halt/check the rampant crimes

对……来说是一个巨大安慰 be a great comfort to…

10.媒体类话题

大众媒体 mass media

娱乐 entertainment

新闻业 journalism

期刊 journal

最新消息 the latest news

独家新闻 exclusive news

通讯社,新闻机构 news agency

新闻封锁 news blockout

新闻审查 news censorship

新闻自由 freedom of the press

新闻报道 coverage

报道…… do reportage on…

上头条 hit the headlines

出版,发行 issue

报摊 newsstand

自由撰稿人 free-lance writer/free-lancer

总编 chief editor

社论 editorial

值得报道的,有新闻价值的 newsworthy

晴雨表 barometer

舆论的晴雨表 the barometer of public opinion

直播 live broadcast

智力竞赛节目 quiz show

游戏节目 game show

综艺节目 variety show

脱口秀 talk show

肥皂剧 soap opera

电影明星 movie star

影帝 movie king

影后 movie queen

绯闻 affair

名人 celebrity/famous person

声名鹊起 rise to fame

侵扰了……的隐私 invade one's privacy

欺骗性的 deceptive

知名度 popularity

丑闻 scandal

轰动的 sensational

普遍的,流行的 prevalent/popular

重要的,必要的 imperative/important/essential/vital

收视率 audience ratings

宣传 propaganda

受……诱导 be abducted by…

净化心灵 purge one's soul

生活在一个虚拟的世界中 live in a virtual world

满足不同口味 meet different tastes

给某人提供某物 provide somebody with something

盲目追逐时尚 follow the fashion blindly

对……来说是难以想象的 be inconceivable to…

给人印象深刻的 impressive

知情权 right to know

打着……的幌子 in the disguise of…

信息时代 information era

使人了解某事 keep one informed about something

观众 audience/viewer

信息爆炸的社会 information-explosion society

有影响的 influential

彻底改变我们获取信息的方式 revolutionise the way we acquire information

各种各样激动人心的节目 various thrilling programmes

低质量节目 poor-quality programmes

夸张 exaggerate

令人享受的 enjoyable

时尚的 fashionable

了解到……,接触到…… be exposed to…

进入千家万户 find its way into every family

地球村 global village

沉溺于…… be indulged in…

对……上瘾 be addicted to…

被……所吸引 be fascinated by…

依赖…… be dependent on…

二手信息 second-hand information

误入歧途 go astray

制造交谈话题 create topics of discussion

批判性思维 critical thinking

有力的交流工具 powerful means of communication

有诱惑力的 tempting

相互了解 mutual understanding

感情交流 exchange of feelings

感情纽带 emotional bond

加强家庭纽带关系 strengthen family ties

与现实隔绝 be detached from reality

明辨是非 distinguish right from wrong

有教育意义的 edifying

电视迷 couch potato

对……有害 be harmful to…

模仿 imitate

难以形容的 inexpressible

身心健康 physical and mental health

激发某人的想象力和创造力 stimulate one's imagination and creativity

不健康的生活方式 unwholesome lifestyle

大量的信息 a great deal of information

侵犯隐私 violate/intrude on/infringe on someone's privacy

破坏某人的名誉 tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch one's reputation

狗仔队 paparazzo(复数是paparazzi)

新闻界 the press

印刷媒体(如报纸、杂志) the print media

报道新闻的机构 news outlets

电子媒体 the electronic media

时事 current affairs

无处不在 prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive

审查 censor

删除 delete/eliminate/excise

过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic contents

报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. in graphic detail

媒体炒作 media hype

有误导性的 misleading /distorted

诈骗性的 fraudulent

虚假的 false/bogus

夸大事实 exaggerate things/sensationalise things

充斥着 be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.

掩盖(丑闻或罪行等) cover up/gloss over/whitewash

不客观的,不公正的 biased/skewed

如实的报道 factual accounts

道德准则 code of ethics/conduct

可信的 reliable/trustworthy/dependable

客观公正的 objective and balanced

及时的 up-to-the-minute/up-to-date(前者比后者更加及时)

信息量大的 informative

娱乐性强的 entertaining

监督 scrutiny/scrutinise/monitor

揭露 expose/reveal

11.环境类话题

节能的 energy-saving

不可再生资源 non-renewable resources

二氧化碳 carbon dioxide

污染性物质 pollutant

废物处理 waste disposal

废气 exhaust gas

交通方式 means of transportation

交通工具 transportation tools

能源危机 energy crisis

能源消耗 depletion of resources

环保的能源 environment-friendly resources

电磁辐射 electromagnetic radiation

可替代燃料 alternative fuel

对健康构成潜在威胁 pose a threat to health

供应不足 be in short supply

化学污染物 chemical pollutant

节水的习惯 water-saving habit

水的分布 distribution of water

水资源保护 water conservation

水资源短缺 water shortage

饮用水 drinking water

有害物质 hazardous material

在危险中 at risk

被耗尽 be exhausted

城市垃圾 urban garbage

达到高效 achieve high efficiency

当场处罚 on-the-spot fine

对环境不利 be unfriendly to the environment

环境恶化 environmental degradation

火灾隐患 a fire hazard

垃圾的回收和处理 litter collection and disposal

垃圾分类 garbage classification

破坏环境 ruin the environment

提高大众的环保意识promote the public awareness of environmental protection;arouse people's awareness of environmental protection

采取强有力的措施 take stronger and harsher measures

有限的资源 finite resource

认识不够 lack adequate awareness

补救性措施 remedial measure

急性病 acute disease

慢性病 chronic disease

人口密集的 densely-populated

有益健康的 conductive to good health

致命的疾病 fatal disease

广泛地采用 be used intensively

想出一个可行的解决方法 figure out a feasible solution

一个公认的事实 a generally acknowledged fact

使某事成为当务之急 make something a top priority

生态系统 ecosystem/ecological system

某一地区所有植物的总称 the flora

某一地区所有动物的总称 the fauna

某一地区所有生物的总称 the wildlife in a region/the biota (flora+fauna) of a region

生物多样性 biodiversity

生态平衡 ecological balance/ecological equilibrium

可持续发展 sustainable development

环保主义者 environmentalist/conservationist

对环境无害的 environment-friendly

节约使用 conserve

保护 preserve

再利用 reuse/recycle

肥沃的土壤 fertile soil

贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil

耕地 arable land/farmland

增加农产品产量 boost crop yield

开采自然资源 exploit natural resources

短缺 shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack

以上就是雅思写作G类议论文11大类话题经常涉及的高频词汇,不是很多,但都是考生可以在写作中经常用到的高分词汇。考生可以在平时练习的过程中多多运用这些词汇。

二、常用同义词替换100组

雅思写作和其他考场作文一样,受考查形式的制约,其评判本身是存在一定局限性的。换句话说,考官并不了解考生真实的写作能力,或者具体到词汇量的大小,而只能根据这几百个单词的文章来进行判断,所以从应试的角度来说,词汇量相对有限的考生只要使文章中的词汇“显得比较丰富”就可以了。

雅思写作有很多时候需要在一篇文章中两次甚至多次表达同一个意思,但是,如果每次都用同一个词,就显得词汇量太少了,所以对于一些重点的经常会用到的词汇,我们需要记忆一些它们的替换词汇,以免在表达的时候会有“词穷”的状况出现。

1. important = crucial = significant

2. common = universal = ubiquitous

3. abundant = ample = plentiful

4. stick = adhere = cling

5. neglect = ignore

6. near = adjacent = adjoin

7. pursue = seek

8. accurate = precise = exact

9. vague = obscure

10. top = peak = summit

11. competitor = rival = opponent

12. blame = condemn

13. opinion = perspective = standpoint

14. fame = prestige = reputation

15. build = erect = establish

16. insult = humiliate

17. complain = grumble

18. primary = radical = fundamental

19. relieve = alleviate

20. force = coerce

21. enlarge = magnify

22. complex = intricate

23. lonely = solitary

24. small = minuscule = minute

25. praise = extol = compliment

26. hard-working = assiduous

27. difficult = arduous

28. poor soil = barren = infertile

29. fragile = brittle = vulnerable

30. show = demonstrate

31. big = massive = tremendous

32. avoid = shun

33. fair = impartial

34. attack = assault = assail

35. dislike = abhor = loathe

36. ruin = devastate

37. impact = implication = ramifications

38. tackle = address = resolve = combat

39. always = invariably

40. forever = perpetual

41. surprise = startle = astound = astonish

42. enthusiasm = zeal = fervency

43. quiet = tranquil = serene

44. expensive = exorbitant

45. luxurious = lavish = sumptuous

46. boring = tedious

47. respect = esteem

48. worry =fret

49. cold = chilly = icy

50. hot = boiling

51. dangerous = perilous = hazardous

52. nowadays = currently

53. only = unique = distinctive

54. stop = cease

55. part = component

56. result = consequence

57. obvious = apparent = manifest

58. based on = derived from

59. enhance = improve

60. quite = fairly

61. pathetic = lamentable

62. field = domain

63. appear = emerge

64. whole = entire

65. wet = moist = damp = humid

66. wrong = erroneous

67. difficult = formidable

68. change = convert

69. typical = quintessential

70. careful = cautious = prudent

71. ability =capacity = capability

72. strange = eccentric

73. rich = affluent

74. use = utilise

75. dubious = skeptical

76. satisfy = gratify

77. short = fleeting = ephemeral

78. scholarship = fellowship

79. angry = enraged

80. smelly = malodorous

81. ugly = hideous

82. attractive = appealing = absorbing

83. diverse = miscellaneous

84. disorder = disarray = chaos

85. crazily = frantically

86. rapid = meteoric

87. ordinary = mundane

88. despite = notwithstanding

89. best = optimal

90. sharp = acute

91. unbelievable = inconceivable

92. puzzle = perplex

93. method = avenue

94. famous = distinguished

95. ancient = archaic

96. decorate = embellish

97. possible = feasible

98. so = consequently = accordingly

99. rare = infrequent

100. greedy = rapacious

三、常用短语80个

短语在雅思写作中的应用非常广泛,这80个短语是考生在雅思写作的过程中经常会用到的,这里对于某些特殊的短语不仅给出了中文含义,而且还有同义词一起列出,非常实用。

1. for the benefit of 为了……的利益(好处)

2. benefit from 受益,得到好处

3. for the better 好转,向好的方向发展

4. to begin with = first of all 首先,第一

5. on behalf of = as the representative of 以……的名义

6. believe in = have faith or trust in = consider sth./sb. to be true 相信,依赖,信仰

7. get the better of = defeat sb.打败,胜过

8. in addition to… 除……之外

9. on(the/an)average 平均,一般来说

10. on the basis of… 根据……,在……的基础上

11. at (the) best 充其量,至多

12. blame sb. for sth. = blame sth. on sb.把……推在某人身上

13. be capable of being 是能够被……的

14. in brief 简言之

15. in bulk 整批散装,大量

16. by chance 偶然,碰巧

17. in charge of… 负责……,主管……

18. be busy with sth.忙于某事

19. last but one 倒数第二

20. but for (=without) 要不是(表示假设)

21. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买

22. in no case 绝不

23. in any case 无论如何

24. in case = for fear that 万一

25. in case of = in the event of 如果发生……,万一

26. in the case of 至于……,就……而言

27. be cautious of 谨防

28. centre one's attention on = focus one's attention on 把某人的注意力集中在……上

29. be certain of = be sure of 有把握,一定

30. for certain = for sure 肯定地,有把握地

31. on account of 因为,由于

32. in common 共用,共有,共同

33. in conclusion 最后,总之

34. on condition that 在……条件下

35. in connection with/to 关于

36. in consequence 因此,结果

37. in consequence of… 由于……的缘故

38. on the contrary 反之,正相反

39. in contrast with/to… 相比之下

40. under control 被控制住

41. at all costs 不惜任何代价

42. at the cost of… 以……为代价

43. in the course of… 在……过程中,在……期间

44. in detail 详细地

45. in difficulties 处境困难

46. at all events 无论如何

47. in any event 无论如何

48. in effect 实际上

49. with the exception of… 除……之外

50. in the face of… 面对……,不顾……

51. in favour of… 有利于……,赞成……,支持……

52. in general 通常,大体上

53. at heart 在内心,实质上

54. in honour of… 为纪念……,向……表示敬意

55. at intervals 不时,时时

56. at length 终于,最后;详细地

57. at a loss 困惑,不知所措

58. by all means 无论如何,务必

59. by means of… 借助于……,用……

60. by no means 绝不

61. by mistake 错误地

62. in nature 本质上

63. on occasion 有时,不时

64. in particular 特别地,尤其,详细地

65. in the first place 起初,首先

66. in the last place 最后

67. in practice 实际上

68. at present 目前,现在

69. in proportion to… 与……成比例

70. for(the)purpose of… 为了……

71. on purpose 故意,有意

72. at random 随意地,任意地

73. at any rate 无论如何,至少

74. by reason of… 由于……

75. with/in regard to… 对于……,就……而论

76. with respect to… 关于……

77. even though 尽管

78. in general = by and large 一般来说

79. in terms of 在……方面

80. as a matter of fact 事实上

上面的80个雅思写作常用短语几乎可以应用到各种雅思写作话题当中,所以考生在平时的写作练习中还是要注意积累这样的短语来增加自己的写作闪光点,争取拿到更高的分数。

四、常用插入语40个

插入语是雅思写作中经常会用到的,因为插入语的作用非常广泛,可以表示顺接、转折和强调等语气,而且也会使文章看起来句式多变,结构更加清晰。

1. indeed 的确

2. surely 无疑

3. however 然而

4. obviously 显然

5. frankly 坦率地说

6. naturally 自然

7. luckily for sb.算某人幸运

8. fortunately /luckily幸好

9. honestly 真的

10. briefly 简单地说

11. strange to say 说也奇怪

12. needless to say 不用说

13. most important of all 最为重要的是

14. in a word = in sum = in short 简而言之

15. in other words 换句话说

16. in a sense 在某种意义上

17. in general 一般说来

18. in my view 在我看来

19. in conclusion 总之

20. in summary 概括地说

21. in fact 事实上

22. in the first place 首先

23. in addition 此外

24. of course 当然

25. to my knowledge 据我所知

26. for instance(或example)例如

27. as a matter of fact 事实上

28. strictly speaking 严格地说

29. generally speaking 一般地说

30. judging from… 根据……判断

31. to be sure 无疑

32. to sum up 概括地说

33. to tell the truth 老实说

34. I am sure 我可以肯定地说

35. I believe 我相信

36. I wonder 我不知道

37. that is to say 也就是说

38. it seems 看来是

39. as I see it 照我看来

40. what is important(serious)重要(严重)的是

五、常用逻辑关系信号词语6组

1.表示转折或者对比关系的信号词语

after all 毕竟

all the same 仍然

although 虽然

be compared with 与……相比

but 但是

by contrast 相比之下

conversely 相反地

despite 尽管

even if 即使

even though 即使

for all 尽管

however 然而

in comparison with 与……比较

in contrast to 相比之下

in despite of 尽管

in fact 事实上

in spite of 尽管

instead of 替代,代替

just as 正如

nevertheless 然而,不过

nonetheless 尽管如此,不过

notwithstanding 虽然,尽管

on the contrary 正相反

on the other hand 另一方面

or else 否则

otherwise 否则

provided 倘若

rather 宁愿,宁可

still 仍然

though 虽然,可是

virtually 事实上,实质上

whereas 然而,但是

while 然而

yet 尚,且

2.表示顺序和序列关系的信号词语

after 在……之后

afterward 然后,后来

before 在前,以前

between 在……之间

eventually 最后,终于

finally 最后,终于

first 首先,最初

first of all 首先

firstly 第一,首先

for one thing 其一

for another 其二

in the first instance 首先,起初

in the first place 首先,起初

in the next place 其次

last but not least 最后但并非不重要

meanwhile = meantime 其间,其时

next 下一次,其次

second 另一个,第二

secondly 第二,其次

subsequently 后来,随后

then 当时,在那时,然后,于是

third 第三

thirdly 第三

to begin with 首先

until 到……为止,在……以前

3.表示列举和增补关系的信号词语

a (good) case in point to illustrate…is… 阐明……的一个很好的例子就是……

accordingly 因此,从而

again 又,再

also 也,也是

and 和

as well as 和……一样

besides 除此之外(还有)

both…and 两个都……

either 两者之一

equally important 同等重要

even 甚至

finally 最后

for example 例如

for instance 例如

for one thing 首先,一则

furthermore 而且,此外

in addition to that 此外

in addition 此外

in particular 尤其

in the same way 同样地

like 像,如同

likewise 同样地

moreover 而且,此外

namely 即,那就是

next 接下来

not only…but also… 不但……而且……

one more thing 此外

particularly 特别地,尤其

similarly 相似地,类似地

still 还,仍

such as 例如

together 共同,一起,合起来

together with 和,加之

what's more 而且

4.表示解释或者强调关系的信号词语

above all 最重要,首先

absolutely 绝对地

actually 事实上,实际上

another way of saying 换句话说

approximately 大约,可能

certainly 的确

chiefly 首要,主要地

equally 同样地,相同地

especially 特别,尤其

i.e.也就是

in other words 换句话说

in particular 特别地;尤其

in practice 在实践中,实际上

indeed 真正地,确实

mainly 主要地

most important 最重要的

namely 即,也就是

of course 当然

primarily 主要地

probably 大概,或许

refer to 提到,提及

specially 特地;专门地

strikingly 突出地,显著地

surely 的确地

surprisingly 惊人地,出人意料地

that is to say 那就是说

What is in particular I mean… 我的意思是……

5.表示因果关系的信号词语

accordingly 因此,从而

as 因为

as a result 结果

because(of)因为

by reason of 由于,因为

because 因为

consequently 结果

contribute to 导致,造成

due to 由于

for 因为,因此

for as much as 由于,既然

for this reason 因此

hence 因此

in respect that 因为……;鉴于……

lead to 导致

owing to 由于

result in 导致

since 既然,因为,由于

so 所以

thanks to 由于

that's why… 正是……的原因

the reason why… …… 的原因

thereby 因此,从而

therefore 所以,因此

thus 如此,因此

6.表示归纳或者结论性关系的信号词语

accordingly 于是,因此

admittedly 无可否认地,诚然

all in all 总而言之

altogether 总而言之,总的来说

anyhow 无论如何,总之

anyway 无论如何,总之

as a result 结果

consequently 结果

eventually 最终地

finally 最终地,最后地

hence 因此,从此

in balance 总而言之

in brief 简言之

in conclusion 最后,总之

in short 总之

in sum 总之

in summary 总之

in that case 既然那样

lastly 最终地,最后地

lastly to conclude 最后得出结论

on all accounts 无论如何,总之

on balance 总而言之

on the whole 总之

overall 总的说来,大体上

so 所以

then 然后,接着,此外还有

thereby 因此,由此,从而

therefore 因此,所以

thus 因此,从而

to conclude 总之

to put it in a nutshell 总之

to sum up 总之,总结

to summarise 总之,总结

六、三种方法表达不会的词汇

在雅思考试的紧张气氛中,很多人都曾经有过忘词的经历。有时越想要表达,就越找不到合适的词语。这个时候就需要一些应急的措施来渡过这个不大不小的难关了。那么如何表达不会的词汇呢?下面为考生介绍三种写作技巧,供考生参考。

方法一:反义正解

比如这句话:他是个勤劳的人。这句话中“勤劳diligent”可能很多考生不会拼写。但是通过反义正解的方法,比如:他不是懒惰的人 = 他是个勤劳的人。“懒惰”这个单词考生都知道是lazy,所以not lazy=diligent。

可能考生觉得这个例子比较简单,我们可以看这句话:在现在的生活中,压力是不可避免的。“不可避免”对应的英文单词有:inevitable, unavoidable和indispensable等,这些单词基本都是6级词汇,对于考生来说是比较难背的。但通过反义正解,不可避免的 =必要的/必需的,所以inevitable = necessary,这句话就很好表达了。

再比如这个例子:父母经常忽视孩子的成长。“忽视”一般译为neglect/ignore。忽视=不重视,所以,neglect = not pay much attention to。父母经常不重视孩子的成长。这句话就可以表达为:Parents often do not pay much attention to the growth of their children.

方法二:具体解释

考生可能在电视节目上看到过“我来比画你来猜”的节目,其实就是对词语的具体解释。这个方法也可以在雅思写作中运用。

比如下面这个句子:

政府应该提供资助给难民。“资助”译为sponsor/subsidise, “难民”译为refugee。这两个单词都属于6级词汇,如果用具体解释的方法,则:资助=金钱上的帮助(financial help);难民 = 遭受灾难的人(the people who suffer from disaster)。

这样,上面的句子就可以很容易地表达出来:

The government should provide financial support/help for the people who suffered from disaster.

再通过几个例子练习一下:

例1:虐待儿童的人应该受到惩罚。“虐待”译为maltreat。

虐待=(残忍地/不好地/坏地)对待(treat sb. cruelly/badly)

The people who treat children cruelly/badly should be punished.

例2:房价开始轻微地下降。“轻微地”译为slightly。

轻微地=以缓慢的速度(at a slow rate)

The price of houses starts to decrease at a slow rate.

例3:人们应该努力在生态平衡的问题上作出贡献。“生态平衡”译为ecological balance。

生态平衡=人与自然之间的平衡(the balance between human beings and nature)

People should make great contributions to the balance between human beings and nature.

例4:政府应该严厉地惩罚罪犯。“罪犯”译为criminal。

罪犯=违反法律的人(the people who violate/disobey the law)

The government should strictly punish the people who violate/disobey the law.

可见,通过具体解释的方法,即使遇到有难度的词汇,我们也能够清楚准确地表达出相应的内容,还能增加字数。

方法三:同义替换

考生也同样可以从中文的角度出发,进行一下意思的转换,比如:天天用牛奶洗脸是奢侈的。“奢侈”这个单词是extravagant,对于考生来说也是不经常用到的。如果我们从中文上转换一下,“天天用牛奶洗脸是浪费的。”跟上句话意思一样。“浪费的”这个单词wasteful考生是非常熟悉的。

Washing face with milk every day is wasteful.

再通过几个例子练习一下:

例1:生活质量提高,缓解家庭经济负担

improve living quality, and relieve the economic burden of family

生活水平提高,减少家庭花费

improve living level/living standard, and reduce the family spending

例2:他毫无争议是最优秀的足球运动员。“毫无争议”译为indisputably。

毫无争议 = 当然(certainly/surely/must)

He is certainly/surely/must be the best football player.

这三种方法是考试时候的应急措施,考生一定要在考前认真复习准备雅思写作的各类话题词汇。只有具备一定的词汇量,才会顺利表达出想要表达的内容。