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2.2 Dietary pattern
2.2.1 Food intake
In 2012, Chinese residents’ average food intake per capita per day was: 337.3g for grain cereals, consisting of 177.7g of rice, 142.8g of f our and 16.8g of other cereal; 269.4g for fresh vegetable; 40.7g for fruit; 89.7g for meat and poultry, consisting of 64.3g of pork, 8.2g of other livestock meat, 2.5g of internal organ and14.7g of poultry meat; 24.3g for egg; 23.7g for f sh and shrimp; 24.7g for milk; 10.9g for soybean and its products; 42.1g for cooking oil,consisting of 37.3g of plant oil and 4.8g of animal fat; 10.5g for cooking salt; and 7.9g for soy sauce.
Generally, in 2012, except for grain cereals, urban residents’ intakes of vegetable and fruit,meat and poultry, egg, fish and shrimp, milk, soybean and its products were higher than rural residents.
Compared with that in 2002, in 2012, Chinese residents’ total grain cereals intake decreased slightly, with urban remaining basically stable and rural decreasing by 12.9g. Vegetable intake remained stable generally, with urban increasing by 31.4g and rural decreasing by 29.5g.Fruit intake changed little, and meat and poultry intake increased by 11.1g; urban residents’milk intake fell signif cantly, decreasing by 28.0g on average; and rural residents’ milk intake remained at low level. Consumption of soybean and its products decreased slightly, and average intake of cooking oil basically remained the same; cooking salt intake decreased to some extent,with urban and rural decreasing by 0.6g and 1.7g respectively (Fig. 2-5).
Fig.2-5 Comparison of Chinese Residents’ Food Consumption between 2002 and 2012
2.2.2 Dietary structure
2.2.2.1 Food source for energy
In 2012, of Chinese residents’ main food sources for energy, cereals accounted for 53.1%and animal food (including meat, poultry, milk, egg and f sh) accounted for 15.0% (Fig. 2-6),with significant difference between urban and rural residents. Among urban residents’ energy sources, the proportion of cereal was lower while proportion of animal food was higher.Compared with that in 2002, urban/rural residents’ cereals-based energy decreased but animal food-based energy increased.
Fig.2-6 Composition of Chinese Residents’ Food Sources for Energy in 2012
2.2.2.2 Food source for protein
In 2012, Chinese residents’ food sources for protein mainly consisted of cereal and animal food, accounting for 47.3% and 30.7% respectively, while soybean only accounting for 5.4%(Fig. 2-7).
Fig.2-7 Composition of Chinese Residents’ Food Sources for Protein in 2012
2.2.2.3 Proportion of energy intake from fat
In 2012, the proportion of Chinese residents’ fat-based energy was 32.9% (Fig. 2-8): 36.1%and 29.7% for urban and rural, with the former significantly higher than the latter. Compared with that in 2002, the proportion of energy intake from fat went up to some extent in both urban and rural areas (Fig. 2-9).
Fig.2-8 Composition of Chinese Residents’ Nutrients Sources for Energy in 2012
Fig.2-9 Comparison of Chinese Residents’ Average proportion of energy intake from fat between 2002 and 2012