Part Ⅱ 听力材料分析_中级通用英语综合训练教程-QQ阅读男生玄幻网

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Part Ⅱ　听力材料分析

第一节　文化教育类

Section A

Directions：In this section，you will hear two news reports．At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions．Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following news item．

1．A）Electricity shortage．
B）Food shortage．
C）The heavy burden of studies．
D）Overtime exposure to sunlight．

2．A）1 hour．
B）2 hours．
C）3 hours．
D）2.5 hours．

3．A）Students in Southeast Asia have great pressure in study．
B）Genetic factors in visual impairment and blindness．
C）Students in Southeast Asia should spend more time outdoors．
D）The reason why students in Southeast Asia have pressure．

Questions 4 and 5 are based on the following news item．

4．A）How college students can handle their psychological problems．
B）Why college students are more likely to have stress problems．
C）Why sufficient sleep is important for college students．
D）How college students can improve their sleep habits．

5．A）It is not easy to improve one's sleep habits．
B）It is not good for students to play video games．
C）Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping．
D）Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinations．

Section B

Directions：In this section，you will hear two long conversations．At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

6．A）It is used by more people than English．
B）It is more difficult to learn than English．
C）It will be as commonly used as English．
D）It will eventually become a world language．

7．A）Its popularity with the common people．
B）The effect of the Industrial Revolution．
C）The influence of the British Empire．
D）Its loan words from many languages．

8．A）It has a growing number of newly coined words．
B）It includes a lot of words from other languages．
C）It is the largest among all languages in the world．
D）It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers．

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

9．A）A year of practical training．
B）A happy childhood．
C）A pleasant neighborhood．
D）A good secondary education．

10．A）He is good at carpentry．
B）He is academically gifted．
C）He should be sent to a private school．
D）He ought to get good vocational training．

11．A）Donwell School．
B）Carlton Abbey．
C）Enderby High．
D）Enderby Comprehensive．

12．A）Find out more about the five schools．
B）Send their children to a better private school．
C）Talk with their children about their decision．
D）Put Keith in a good boarding school．

Section C

Directions：In this section，you will hear two passages．At the end of each passage，you will hear three or four questions．Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard．

13．A）Monitor students' sleep patterns．
B）Help students concentrate in class．
C）Record students' weekly performance．
D）Ask students to complete a sleep report．

14．A）Declining health．
B）Lack of attention．
C）Loss of motivation．
D）Improper behavior．

15．A）They should make sure their children are always punctual for school．
B）They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment．
C）They should help their children accomplish high-quality work．
D）They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep．

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard．

16．A）Their teachers meet them only in class．
B）Their parents tend to overprotect them．
C）They have little close contact with adults．
D）They rarely read any books about adults．

17．A）Writers and lawyers are brought in to talk to students．
B）Real life cases are simulated for students to learn law．
C）More teacher and writer collaborates are being set up．
D）Opportunities are created for children to become writers．

18．A）Children like to form partnerships with each other．
B）Children are often the best teachers of other children．
C）Paired Learning cultivates the spirit of cooperation．
D）Sixth graders can teach first graders as well as teachers．

Section D

Directions：In this section，you will hear a recording of lecture or talk followed by three or four questions．The recording will be played only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard．

19．A）The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control．
B）The relation between children's self-control and their future success．
C）The health problems of children raised by a single parent．
D）The deciding factor in children's academic performance．

20．A）Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties．
B）Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families．
C）Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children．
D）Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children．

21．A）Self-control can be improved through education．
B）Self-control can improve one's financial situation．
C）Self-control problems may be detected early in children．
D）Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up．

Section A

News Report One

The strong emphasis on educational achievement in Southeast Asia may be coming at a heavy price．（1）Researchers say that hard work at school plus the lack of exposure to outdoor light is damaging the eyes of almost nine out of ten students—with one in five at serious risk of visual impairment and blindness．

（2）The scientists say that young people need up to three hours a day of outdoor light，but many infants are also missing out as they nap during lunch time．

The scientists say that genetic factors，long thought to play a big role in shortsightedness，are not as important as the environment． They point to Singapore as a place with several distinct ethnic groups，all of whom are now suffering high levels of shortsightedness．

（3）The authors suggest that essential time outdoors should be considered by educational authorities across Southeast Asia as a way of dealing with the problem．

1．What accounts for the poor eyesight for many Southeast Asian students？

2．How long do the young people need to be exposed to outdoor light each day？

3．What is the main idea of the news？

1．C）The heavy burden of studies．

新闻开头提到，过分强调学习（strong emphasis on educational achievement）可能会令东南亚国家付出沉重的代价（at a heavy price），接着指出，研究人员表示，学校的沉重课业负担加上缺乏接触室外光线的机会（the lack of exposure to outdoor light），对90％学生的眼睛造成了损害——其中五分之一处于视力严重减弱和失明的风险之中（at serious risk of visual impairment and blindness）。由此可知，沉重的学习负担是导致东南亚学生视力状况糟糕的原因，故答案为C）。

2．C）3 hours．

新闻中提到“The scientists say that young people need up to three hours a day of outdoor light”，该句间接引用了科学家的话，指出年轻人每天应该至少接触三个小时的户外光线，故答案为C）。

3．C）Students in Southeast Asia should spend more time outdoors．

该新闻大意为东南亚地区学生由于课业负担压力较大，导致缺少户外活动时间，因而大部分学生患有近视或者其他眼疾。新闻开头提到东南亚地区国家要为此付出代价，结尾处又呼吁相关国家教育部门（educational authorities）要出台政策保证学生的户外活动时间，因而可以推断该新闻的主旨是应该增加东南亚学生待在户外的时间，故答案为C）。

exposure　n．暴露；接触

visual　adj．视觉的；视力的；看得见的

impairment　n．损害；损伤

blindness　n．失明；盲目

nap　v．打盹

genetic　adj．遗传的；基因的

shortsightedness　n．近视

ethnic　adj．种族的；民族的

educational achievement　学业成绩

miss out　遗漏；漏掉

educational authorities　教育部门

News Report Two

You probably think college students are experts at sleeping．（4）But parties，preparations for tests，personal problems and general stress can wreck a student's sleep habits，which can be bad for the body and the mind．

Texas Tech University is even offering a class called“Improving Your Sleep Habits”．People suffering from sleep loss are adding increased risk from obesity，psychological problems and car crashes．（4）Students who don't get enough sleep have poorer attendance and lower grades．On top of all that，（5）a new study published in the journal Learning＆Memory finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test．Two hundred college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games．Subjects who learned the game in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later，but they did much better after getting a good night sleep．So，if you really want to do your job well，don't forget to get some sleep．

Q4．What is the news report mainly about？

Q5．What is the finding of the new study published in the journal Learning＆Memory？

4．C）Why sufficient sleep is important for college students．

本题为主旨题。新闻从人们对大学生睡眠情况的误解（college students are experts at sleeping）展开论述。随后阐述了睡眠不足（sleep loss）的危害以及睡眠的好处。由此可见，本则新闻主要围绕睡眠展开，通过分述睡眠不足的危害及睡眠的好处，表明充足睡眠的重要性。C）选项“为什么充足的睡眠对大学生很重要”抓住了主旨，故为答案。

5．C）Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping．

本题为细节题。根据新闻所知，这项新研究的发现是睡一觉比临时抱佛脚要管用（better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test）。C）选项“考试前临时抱佛脚可能不如睡上一觉有效”是对其的同义改写，故为答案。

expert　n．行家；专家

stress　n．精神压力；负担；紧张

wreck　v．毁掉；毁坏

obesity　n．肥胖

crash　n．撞车；碰撞

sleep loss　睡眠不足

poor attendance　出勤率低

better off　情况好转；比较富裕

make last-minute preparations （for）　临时抱佛脚

Section B

Conversation One

W：Hi Leo，why do you say English would become the world language？

M：Well．（6）For one thing，it's so commonly used，the only language that is used by more people is Chinese．

W：Why is English spoken by so many people？

M：（7）It's spoken in many countries of the world because of the British empire．And now of course is the influence of America as well．

W：Many students find English a difficult language to learn．

M：Oh all languages are difficult to learn．But English does have two greatest advantages．

W：What are they？

M：（8）Well，first of all，it has a very international vocabulary．It has many German，Dutch，French，Spanish and Italian words in it．So speakers of those languages will find many familiar words in English．In fact，English has words for many other languages as well．

W：Why is that？

M：Well，partly because English speakers have travelled a lot，they bring back words with them．So English really does have an international vocabulary．

W：And what is the other advantage of English？

M：It's that English grammar is really quite easy．For example，it doesn't have dozens of different endings for its nouns，adjectives and verbs，not like Latin，Russian and German for example．

W：Why is that？

M：Well，it's quite interesting actually，it's because of the French．When the French ruled England，French was the official language，and only the common people spoke English．They tried to make their language as simple as possible．So they made the grammar easier．

Q6．What does the man say about Chinese？

Q7．What made English a widely used language？

Q8．What is said to be special about English vocabulary？

6．A）It is used by more people than English．

女士询问男士为什么说英语会成为世界语言，男士说原因之一是因为英语应用广泛（it's so commonly used），使用人数仅次于汉语，也就是说使用汉语的人数比使用英语的人数多，故答案为A）。

7．C）The influence of the British Empire．

女士询问男士英语使用广泛的原因，男士说大英帝国和美国的影响是主要原因（because of the British empire，the influence of America），故答案为C）。“大英帝国的影响”是原因之一，为本题答案。

8．B）It includes a lot of words from other languages．

对话中女士说许多学生认为英语难学，男士表示赞同，但同时认为英语有两大优势，其一就是词汇的国际化（it has a very international vocabulary），英语中含有德语、荷兰语、法语、西班牙语、意大利语等多国语言的词汇。由此可知，英语词汇的特点是国际化，它包含了许多其他语言的词汇，故答案为B）。

familiar　adj．熟悉的；通晓的

partly　adv．在一定程度上；部分地

ending　n．词尾；字尾

world language　世界语言

international vocabulary　国际化的词汇

dozens of　很多

official language　官方语言

Conversation Two

W：Well，before we decide we're going to live in Enderby，we really ought to have a look at the schools；（9）we want the children to have a good secondary education，so we'd better see what's available．

M：They gave me some information at the district office and I took notes．It appears there are five secondary schools in Enderby：three state schools and two private．

W：I don't know if we want private schools，do we？

M：I don't think so，but we'll look at them anyway．There's Saint Mary's，that's a Catholic school for girls，and Carlton Abbey—that's a very old boys' boarding school，founded in 1672．

W：Are all the state schools coeducational？

M：Yes，it seems so．

W：（10）I think little Keith is going to be very good with his hands，we ought to send him to a school with good vocational training—carpentry，electronics，that sort of thing．

M：In that case we are best off at Enderby Comprehensive．I gather they have excellent workshops and instructors．But it says here that Donwell also has good facilities．Enderby High has a little，but they are mostly academic．No vocational training at all at Carlton Abbey or Saint Mary's．

W：What are the schools like academically？How many children go on to university every year？

M：（11）Well，Enderby High is very good—and Carlton Abbey even better，70％ of their pupils go on to university．Donwell isn't so good．Only 8％．And Enderby Comprehensive in Saint Mary's not much more，about 10％．

W：（12）Well，it seems like there is a broad selection of schools．But we have to find out more than statistics before we can decide．

Q9．What do they want their children to have？

Q10．What do the speakers say about little Keith？

Q11．What school has the highest percentage of pupils who go on to university？

Q12．What are the speakers going to do next？

9．D）A good secondary education．

本题考查事实细节。题目问的是谈话双方想要孩子拥有什么。对话中女士说在决定搬到恩德比之前要先看看学校，因为想要孩子得到良好的中学教育（have a good secondary education）。由此可知，他们想让孩子得到良好的中学教育，答案为D），其他三个选项的内容文章中并未提到。

10．D）He ought to get good vocational training．

本题考查语义推断。题目问的是谈话者说到的小Keith的信息。对话中女士提到，小Keith擅长手工，应该把他送到擅长木工、电子等职业教育的学校。对话中的“be good with his hands”是指“擅长手工”，“vocational training”是指“职业教育”。虽然对话中提到了“carpentry”“electronics”，但这是列举了职业教育包括的内容，并不是小Keith擅长的。故本题选D）。

11．B）Carlton Abbey．

本题考查事实细节。题目问的是哪所学校考上大学的学生比例最高。对话中女士问每年有多少人进入大学，男士指出Enderby高中不错，Carlton修道院更好，大学的升学率是70％。Donwell不怎么样，只有8％。圣玛利的Enderby综合学校也没有多好，大概10％。由此可知，升学率最好的应该是Carlton修道院，答案为B）。

12．A）Find out more about the five schools．

本题考查事实细节。题目问的是谈话双方下一步会做什么。对话最后女士指出选择很多（it seems like there is a broad selection of schools），但是还是要在决定之前多找一些其他信息。由此可知他们应该还会继续找信息再做出决定，对话中broad意思是“广泛的”，故答案为A）。

coeducational　adj．男女同校的

workshop　n．研习班；研讨会

facility　n．设备；设施

academic　adj．学术的；教学的

academically　adv．从学术观点；学术上

secondary education　中学教育；中等教育

state schools　公立学校

private schools　私立学校

Catholic school　天主教会学校

boarding school　寄宿学校

vocational training　职业培训

a broad selection of　广泛的选择

Section C

Passage One

Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day．According to classroom teachers，elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems．This has been shown by Brown Medical School and Bradley Hospital research．（13）In the study，teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports，yet （14）they rated the students who had received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling all the material，learning new lessons and completing high-quality work．Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention．The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children．“Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy，well-functioning kids，”said Garharn Forlone，the study's lead author．So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message：when a child is having learning and attention problems，the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration．“If we don't ask about sleep，and try to improve sleep patterns in kids' struggling academically，then we aren't doing our job，”Forlone said．（15）“For parents，”he said，the message is simple，“getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time．”

Q13．What were teachers told to do in the experiment？

Q14．According to the experiment，what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students？

Q15．What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents？

13．C）Record students' weekly performance．

细节题。文中说“在研究中，老师们在完成每周的学生表现报告时并没有被告知学生们的睡眠数量是多少”（not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports），表明答案为C）。

14．B）Lack of attention．

细节题。文中提到，睡眠不足使学生学习困难（记忆旧材料、学习新知识、完成高质量作业等都有困难）（having the most trouble recalling all the material，learning new lessons and completing high-quality work），注意力难以集中（had more difficulty paying attention），所以答案为B）。

15．D）They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep．

细节题。选项D是“家长应确保孩子拥有充足的睡眠”。文章结尾提到，“对于父母来说，所传达的信息很简单，即让孩子按时就寝与让孩子按时上学同样重要（getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time）”，这与选项D）意思相同，所以选D）。

performance　n．表现；履行；性能

exhibit　v．显示；陈列

rate　v．评价；评级；估价

well-functioning　adj．运行良好的；表现良好的

professional　n．专业人士

elementary and middle school　中小学

sleep deficiency　睡眠不足

take…into consideration　考虑到……

Passage Two

As we help children get out into the world to do their learning well，we can get more of the world into the schools．（16）Aside from their parents，most children never have any close contact with any adults except their teachers．No wonder they have no idea what adult life or work is like．We need to bring more people who are not full-time teachers into the schools．（17）In New York City，under the teachers' and writers' collaborative，real writers come into the schools，read their work，and talk to the children about the problems of their craft．The children love it．（17）In another school，a practicing attorney comes in every month and talks to several classes about the law．Not the law it is in books，but the law as he sees it and encounters it in his cases．And the children listen with intense interest．Here's something even easier：let children work together，help each other，learn from each other and each other's mistakes．（18）We now know from this experience of many schools that children are often the best teachers of other children．What's more important，we know that when the fifth floor six-grader who is being having trouble with reading，starts helping a first-grader，his own reading sharply improves．A number of schools are beginning to use what some call paired learning．This means that you let children form partnerships with other children．Do their work even including their tests together and share whatever marks or results this work gets．Just like grown-ups in the real world．It seems to work．

Q16．Why does the speaker say most children have no idea what adult life is like？

Q17．What is happening in New York City schools？

Q18．What does the experience of many schools show？

16．C）They have little close contact with adults．

本题考查细节推断。短文中提到，除了他们的父母（aside from their parents），大部分孩子从来没有与除了他们的老师之外的任何成年人有过密切接触（never have any close contact with any adults except their teachers），怪不得他们不知道成年人的生活和工作是什么样的。由此可推断出，大部分孩子不知道成年人的生活是什么样的主要是因为他们很少与成年人接触，故答案为C）。

17．A）Writers and lawyers are brought in to talk to students．

本題考查事实细节。短文中提到，在纽约，真正的作家来到学校（real writers come into the schools），读他们的作品（read their work），与学生们讨论他们的作品存在的问题（talk to the children about the problems of their craft）；在另一所学校，一位执业律师（practicing attorney）每个月都来与学生们讨论法律问题，故答案为A）。

18．B）Children are often the best teachers of other children．

本题考查事实细节。短文中提到，我们现在从很多学校的经历得知，孩子常常是其他孩子的最好的老师（children are often the best teachers of other children），故答案为B）。

collaborative　adj．合作的；协作的

craft　n．手艺；工艺；职业

partnership　n．伙伴关系；合作关系

aside from　除……之外

practicing attorney　执业律师

intense interest　浓厚的兴趣

paired learning　结对学习

Section D

Recording

M：From a very early age，some children exhibit better self-control than others．（19）Now，a new study that began with about 1，000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child's low self-control can predict poor health，money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years．Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now．Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed．Parents，teachers，even the kids themselves，scored the youngsters on measures like“acting before thinking”and“persistence in reaching goals”．The children of the study are now adults in their 30s．Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with．

W：The children who had the lowest self-control when they were aged 3 to 10，later on had the most health problems in their 30s，and they had the worst financial situation．And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income．

M：Speaking from New Zealand via skype，Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed，and weren't just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids．

W：Even the children who had above-average self-control as pre-schoolers，could have benefited from more self-control training．They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later．

M：So，children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems and so on．Moffitt said it's still unclear why some children have better self-control than others，though she says other researchers have found that it's mostly a learned behavior，with relatively little genetic influence．But good self-control can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents．

W：Whereas some of the low-self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser．So that's not a good atmosphere for a child．（20）So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation．

M：（21）But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents and through school curricula that have proved to be effective．Terrie Moffitt's paper on the link between childhood self-control and adult status decades later is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences．

Q19．What is the new study about？

Q20．What does the study seem to show？

Q21．What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study？

19．B）The relation between children's self-control and their future success．

本题为主旨题。本讲座介绍了一项针对大约1000名新西兰孩子展开的新研究，探究了一个孩子自制力差是如何预示其成年后健康状况差、经济困难甚至犯罪的（how a child's low self-control can predict poor health，money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years）。B）选项“孩子自制力与其未来成功的关系”为正确答案。

20．D）Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children．

本题考查事实细节。根据选项关键词children、parents等可推测题目与父母、子女关系有关。录音后段指出，该研究表明父母一代自制力差可能会给下一代带来不利影响（one generation can disadvantage the next generation．），因此D）项“父母缺乏自制力对他们的孩子不利”正确。

21．A）Self-control can be improved through education．

本题考查事实细节。根据选项关键词self-control、improve、detected、diminish等可推测题目与自制力的提高或解决有关。录音最后指出，Moffitt带来的好消息是父母或学校教育都可以帮助孩子养成好的自制力（self-control can be taught by parents and through school curricula that have proved to be effective），故A）选项“可通过教育提高自制力”正确。

self-control　n．自制力；自我克制

track　v．追踪；跟踪；监测

misbehaving　adj．行为不当的；举止失礼的

pre-schooler　n．学龄前儿童

minor　adj．较小的；少数的

relatively　adv．相对而言；比较起来

prosperous　adj．成功的；富足的；繁荣的

a criminal record　前科；犯罪记录

financial situation　财务状况

genetic influence　基因影响

substance abuser　吸毒者

school curricula　学校课程

第二节　社会生活类

Section A

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

1．A）Serve standardized food nationwide．
B）Put calorie information on the menu．
C）Increase protein content in the food．
D）Offer convenient food to customers．

2．A）They will be fined．
B）They will be closed．
C）They will get a warning．
D）They will lose customers．

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

3．A）They lost contact with the emergency department．
B）They were injured by suddenly falling rocks．
C）They sent calls for help via a portable radio．
D）They were trapped in an underground elevator．

4．A）They provided the miner with food and water．
B）They sent supplies to keep the miners warm．
C）They released the details of the accident．
D）They tried hard to repair the accident．

Section B

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

5．A）He likes Sweden better than England．
B）He prefers hot weather to cold weather．
C）He is an English living in Sweden．
D）He visits London nearly every winter．

6．A）The bad weather
B）The cold houses．
C）The gloomy winter．
D）The long night．

7．A）Delightful．
B）Painful．
C）Depressing．
D）Refreshing．

8．A）They often stay up late reading．
B）They work hard and play hard．
C）They like to go camping in summer．
D）They try to earn more and spend more．

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard．

9．A）It is well paid．
B）It is stimulating．
C）It is demanding．
D）It is fairly secure．

10．A）A quick promotion．
B）Free accommodation．
C）Moving expenses．
D）A lighter workload．

11．A）He has difficulty communicating with local people．
B）He has to spend a lot more traveling back and forth．
C）He has trouble adapting to the local weather．
D）He has to sign a long-term contract．

12．A）The woman will help the man make a choice．
B）The man is going to attend a job interview．
C）The man is in the process of job hunting．
D）The woman sympathizes with the man．

Section C

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard．

13．A）They do not know any solution．
B）They do not give up drunk driving．
C）They do not behave in public places．
D）They do not admit being alcohol addicts．

14．A）To stop them from fighting back．
B）To thank them for their hospitality．
C）To teach them the European lifestyle．
D）To relieve their pains and sufferings．

15．A）Without intervention they will be a headache to the nation．
B）With support they can be brought back to a normal life．
C）They readily respond to medical treatment．
D）They pose a serious threat to social stability．

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard．

16．A）A lot of native languages have already died out in the U．S．
B）The U．S．ranks first in a number of endangered languages．
C）The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless．
D）More money is needed to record the native languages in the U．S．

17．A）To set up more language schools．
B）To document endangered languages．
C）To educate native American children．
D）To revitalize America's native languages．

18．A）The U．S．government's policy of Americanising Indian children．
B）The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status．
C）The U．S．government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians．
D）The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world．

19．A）It is being utilized to teach native languages．
B）It tells traditional stories during family time．
C）It speeds up the extinction of native languages．
D）It is widely used in language immersion schools．

Section D

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard．

20．A）How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations．
B）How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters．
C）How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters．
D）How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced．

21．A）By training rescue teams for emergencies．
B）By taking steps to prepare people for them．
C）By changing people's views of nature．
D）By relocating people to safer places．

22．A）How preventive action can reduce the loss of life．
B）How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters．
C）How Cubans suffer from tropical storms．
D）How destructive tropical storms can be．

Section A

News Report One

（1）Big fast-food chains in New York City have started to obey a first-of-its-kind rule requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu．

Cathy Nonas is with the New York City Department of Health．

We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchase the food and make a decision，an informed decision，that if they want to make the healthier choice，if they want to eat fewer calories，they can．

And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity．

And of course，if it has an impact on obesity，it will have an impact on diabetes，and heart disease，and high blood pressure．

The new rules were introduced as part of an anti-obesity campaign that also includes a recent citywide ban on artificial trans-fats in restaurant food．

The menu rule only applies to restaurants that serve standardized portion sizes and have 15 or more locations nationwide．

（2）Starting last Saturday，chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties of up to 2，000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus，preferably next to the price．

Q1．What are big fast food chains in New York City required to do according to the new rule？

Q2．What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule？

本篇新闻主要以社会生活中的餐饮与健康为主要话题，西方人的肥胖比例多年来一直偏高，解决这一问题的主要方法是控制卡路里的摄入。

1．B）Put calorie information on the menu．

主旨题。问的是这篇新闻的主题事件，是新闻主旨题的一种衍变问法，可以确定该题的答案位于文章开头，通常也是文章的第一句话，即“Big fast-food chains in New York City have started to obey a first-of-its-kind rule requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu．”。其中“first-of-its-kind”与题干中的“new”为同意替换，而“post”与选项B）中的“put”也是同意替换。所以答案为B）。

2．A）They will be fined．

细节题。第一题问的是最新的规定，而本题则是问如果没有达到或违反规定要求的连锁餐饮将会受到何种处罚，因此两个问题是紧密相关的。从原文中的“penalties of up to 2,000 dollars”不难得出答案为A）。

chain　n．连锁店

calorie counts　卡路里总数

informed　adj．知情的；合理的；有根据的

first-of-its-kind　adj．史无前例的；新型的

obesity　n．肥胖，过胖；肥胖症；

diabetes　n．糖尿病

ban　v．禁止；下令禁止；

trans-fats　n．反式脂肪

standardized　adj．标准的

portion　n．（食物的）一份；一客

penalty　n．惩罚

prominent spot　显著位置

preferably　adv．更好

News Report Two

（3）Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at a Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing，New York，according to Marcia Lynch．

Public information officer with Tompkins County's emergency response department，emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio．“And they all appear to be uninjured，”said Jessica Verfuss，the emergency department's assistant director．

（4）“Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation”，Verfuss said．Details about what led to the workers' being trapped in the elevator weren't immediately available．The mine，along New York's Cayuga Lake，processes salt used for road treatment．It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1，500 places in the northeastern United States，the rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio．

Q3．What does the news report say about the salt miners？

Q4．What did the rescue team do？

本篇新闻听力是典型的“倒金字塔”结构，第一段（导语部分）交代了本篇新闻的who、when、where、what等主要因素，即周四早上十七名旷工被困在位于纽约州地下盐矿的电梯里，后面的二、三段是对第一段信息内容的补充，进一步说明人员的伤亡情况、救援工作如何进行、事故起因以及盐矿的详细背景信息等，重要性依次递减。

3．D）They were trapped in an underground elevator．

主旨题。这道题的问题是新闻主旨题的又一种衍变问法，“What does the news report say about the salt miners？”。根据前述原理，通过新闻第一句“Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at a Cargill rock salt mine”，得出正确答案D）。

4．B）They sent supplies to keep the miners warm．

细节题。这道题问的是救援队做了什么工作，根据第四段第一句可知，救援人员已经给被困的旷工发放了一些发热袋和毯子以供其保暖，原文中的manage to do结构表示已成功完成某事，因此B）项符合题义。

rescue　vt．＆n．营救；救援

underway　adj．起步的；在进行中的

stuck　adj．被卡住的；被……缠住的

make contact with　和……接触；和……通信

available　adj．可获得的；有空的

Section B

Conversation One

M：When I say I live in Sweden，people always want to know about the seasons．

W：The seasons？

M：Yeah，you know how cold it is in winter？What is it like when the days are so short？

W：So what is it like？

M：Well，it is cold，very cold in winter．Sometimes it is as cold as 26 degrees below centigrade．And of course when you go out，you'll wrap up warm．But inside in the houses it's always very warm，much warmer than at home．（6）Swedish people always complain that when they visit England，the houses are cold even in the good winter．

W：And what about the darkness？

M：Well，yeah，around Christmas time there's only one hour of daylight，（7）so you really looks forward to the spring．It is sometimes a bit depressing．（5）But you see the summers are amazing，from May to July in the North of Sweden the sun never sets．It's still light in the midnight．You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper．

W：Oh，yeah，the land of the midnight sun．

M：Yeah，that's right，but it's wonderful．You won't stay up all night．And the Swedes makes most of it，often they started work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon，so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings．

（8）They'd like to work hard，but play hard，too．I think Londoners work longer hours，but I'm not sure this is a good thing．

Q5．What do we learn about the man from the conversation？

Q6．What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter？

Q7．How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Sweden？

Q8．What does the man say about the Swedish people？

这篇有关社会生活的长对话是围绕瑞典的气候这一主题展开，讲述了瑞典人的生活和工作并和英国进行了对比，说明气候对于一个国家的社会和生活状况产生了较大影响。文章一开头即说到人们喜欢询问瑞典的季节情况。接下来对具体情况进行了描述，包括：极寒天气下的气温、室外和室内温度状况，另外，就瑞典室温与英国室温进行了对比，再次强调证明瑞典室温很高；而极昼天气则谈的是瑞典人的工作时间和工作习惯，同时，就瑞典人工作时认真忙、能玩时拼命玩的习惯和英国人工作勤奋、工作时间长进行了对比。这篇对话考查关于天气气候冷热及其对人们工作生活影响的细节信息理解把握能力。文章的主基调是嫌弃寒冷喜好温暖，因此答案都和主题密切相关。

如果学生对北欧的地理知识掌握较好的话，此题难度不大。另外，学生如果有在中国南北方不同地域生活经验的话也比较容易理解本段对话的内容。因为中国北方就像瑞典，气候寒冷而干燥，但北方室温高，因为有暖气。而南方，主要是淮河以南及江浙一带，特别像英国，气候湿润，冬天虽然室外温度不低，但室内没有暖气，即使北方人到了南方也会抱怨南方冷。

5．B）He prefers hot weather to cold weather．

推理判断题。根据文章大意可推断得出。整篇文章中，分别有两处暗示信息，一处是男士说，“But you see the summers are amazing”，瑞典人在冬天去拜访英格兰时，会抱怨英格兰室温太冷。另一处是男士在谈到冬天天气时，说道：“It is sometimes a bit depressing．”长时间寒冷的天气令人沮丧。因此可推断得出，男士更喜欢hot weather，热天气。故答案为B）。

6．B）The cold houses．

细节辨析题。对话中，当男士介绍瑞典的极寒天气时，谈到只要穿暖，出门很暖，而室内更暖和，为了强调这一观点，男士继续说道：“Swedish people always complain that when they visit England，the houses are cold even in the good winter．”说是瑞典人在冬天去拜访英格兰时，会抱怨英格兰室温太冷。故答案为B）。

7．C）Depressing．

细节辨析题。女士问：“And what about the darkness？”男士答道：“around Christmas time there's only one hour of daylight，so you really looks forward to the spring．”临近圣诞节的时候，每天仅有一小时为白天，所以人们都非常向往春天，希望春天快点到来。然后，进一步强调性地评论道：“It is sometimes a bit depressing．”有时候真有点令人沮丧。故答案为C）。

8．B）They work hard and play hard．

综合判断题。可以用排除法。男士在谈到瑞典的极昼天气时，着重谈了瑞典人在极昼天气的工作情况，并进一步对瑞典人的工作习惯进行了评价。男士说道：“They'd like to work hard，but play hard，too．”瑞典人既能在工作时努力工作，又能在能玩时拼命玩。这也是西方世界传统主流价值观和人生观的体现。故答案为B）。

centigrade　n．摄氏

wrap up　穿得暖和

depressing　a．令人沮丧的

Swedes　n．瑞典人（复数）

Conversation Two

M： I'd like to go to the States，but if I took the job there，I wouldn't get a very good salary．

W： Really？I thought salaries were high there，but there will be some fringe benefits presumably．

M： Oh，yes．（9）It would be stimulating and it has some advantages．

W： What else do you have in mind？

M： Well，there is a position in Portugal．

W： How does it compare．

M： It would offer greater security because it will be on a home-based contract．

W： And salary？

M： Much better，I get an overseas allowance plus free accommodation from the firm．

W： Presumably you will be given moving expenses for the Portugal job？

M： Yes，but just to complicate matters，this possibility offers a post in Sao Paulo．

W： That's Brazil，isn't it？

M：（10）Yes．I'd get a promotion if I took a post there．

W： I would love to go to Brazil．

M：（11）But there are some disadvantages，I'd have to do a five-year term there．

W： That's not a problem，surely？

M： Well，not at the moment．But if there were a change in family circumstances，I'd be a long way from home．

W： But if you worried about distance，isn't it the same problem with the States？

M： Yes，but in the States I'd be on an annual contract so I could leave fairly quickly if I needed to．

W： In Portugal？

M： Well，that's always next door，isn't it？I could visit home every few months if necessary．

W： I can see you have got a difficult choice to make．

M：（12）Well，fortunately I don't have to make up my mind about any of them yet．In fact，I haven't even been called for an interview．

Q9．What does the man say about the job in the states？

Q10．What benefit would the man get if he took the post in Sao Paulo？

Q11．What does the man say of the disadvantage of working in Brazil？

Q12．What do we learn from the end of the conversation？

该篇长对话主要讨论的是设想中的几个工作选项，因此对话内容比较分散，工作地点涉及众多国家，而且各有利弊，考验学生的对众多细节的辨别能力。正是因为各有利弊，因此很难做出抉择，鱼和熊掌不能兼顾，此为人生常态，本来令人感慨，但原文话锋一转，反而化为喜悦，这也是西方人的幽默之处，因为还没有到做出艰难抉择的时刻，这一考点设置较为巧妙。

9．B）It is stimulating．

细节辨认题。对话中男士指出在美国的工作工资低，但是这份工作很有新意，而且有一些优点，即“It would be stimulating and it has some advantages．”。故答案为B）。

10．A）A quick promotion．

细节辨认题。对话中男士指出选择圣保罗的工作可以为他带来升职，而安家费和免费住宿是葡萄牙工作的好处，属于干扰选项。故答案为A）。

11．D）He has to sign a long-term contract．

细节推断题。对话中男士指出在巴西工作需要签5年的合约，离家太远，一旦家里有事发生，无法兼顾。故答案为D）。

12．C）The man is in the process of job hunting．

推理判断题。对话结尾女士表示她理解男士很难选择，男士却回答，幸运的是，他不需要做出决定，因为他还没有被叫去面试。由此推测，男士现在找工作的过程当中。故答案为C）。

fringe benefits　额外福利；附加福利

presumably　adv．大概；可能

home-based contract　居家工作合同

allowance　n．津贴；补贴

accommodation　n．住处；住宿

moving expenses　迁移费用

complicate　v．使复杂化

family circumstances　家境；家庭情况

Section C

Passage One

Alcoholism is a serious disease．Nearly nine million Americans alone suffer from the illness．Many scientists disagree about what the differences are between an alcohol addict and a social drinker．The difference occurs when someone needs to drink．And this need gets in the way of his health or behavior．

Alcohol causes a loss of judgment and alertness．After a long period，alcoholism can deteriorate the liver，the brain and other parts of the body．The illness is dangerous，because it is involved in half of all automobile accidents．（13）Another problem is that the victim often denies being an alcohol addict and won't get help．

Solutions do exist．Many hospitals and centers help patients cope．Without assistance，the victim can destroy his life．He would detach himself from the routines of life．He may lose his employment，home or loved ones．

All the causes of the sickness are not discovered yet．There is no standard for a person with alcoholism．Victims range in age，race，sex and background．Some groups of people are more vulnerable to the illness．People from broken homes and North American Indians are two examples．People from broken homes often lack stable lives．（14）Indians likewise had their traditional life taken from them by white settlers who often encourage them to consume alcohol to prevent them from fighting back．The problem has now been passed on．

Alcoholism is clearly present in society today．People have started to get help and information．（15）With proper assistance，victims can put their lives together one day．

Q13．What is the problem of the victims about alcoholism according to the speaker？

Q14．Why did white settlers introduce alcohol to Indians？

Q15．What does the speaker seem to believe about those affected by alcoholism？

13．D）They do not admit being alcohol addicts．

细节题。这题与文章主旨关系极为密切，文章提到酗酒受害者的一个问题就是：他会否认自己酗酒，并且不要别人帮助，故选D）项。对照第一句“Alcoholism is a serious disease．”，这个细节问题是酗酒问题没有得到很好解决的根源。

14．A）To stop them from fighting back．

细节题。短文中提到白人移民鼓励印第安人喝酒，以防止他们反抗白人。选项中的“stop them from fighting back”是原文“prevent them from fighting back”的同义替换，因此答案为A）。

15．B）With support they can be brought back to a normal life．

细节题。短文最后提到，在适当的帮助下，酗酒受害人总有一天可以恢复正常的生活，此处短语put life together意为“恢复正常生活；重新生活”。因此答案为B）。A）、C）项录音中均未提及。短文最后说的是酗酒问题在当今社会很明显，并没有说对社会稳定造成严重影响，排除D）项。但D）项确实很具有迷惑性，因为酗酒在美国如此普遍，共计约900万人有此问题，给个人和家庭都会带来重大伤害，而按照传统理解，家庭是社会的细胞，那自然社会稳定也会受到影响，但不是D）项所说的严重威胁。

alertness　n．警戒；机敏

deteriorate　v．恶化

liver　n．肝脏

detach　v．脱离

put…together　组合；装配……

Passage Two

（16）The U．S．has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by the UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct．“We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use，”says Fred Nahwooksy of the National museum of the American Indian．“We are making progress，（17）but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages，not just documenting them．”Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers．Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don't always believe their languages are endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers．“But progress is being made through immersion schools，because if you teach children when they are young，it will stay with them as adults and that's the future，”says Mr Nahwooksy，a Comanche Indian．Such schools have become a model in Hawaii，but the islanders' local language is still classed by the UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1，000 people speak it．The decline in the American Indian languages has historical roots：In the mid-19th century，（18）the U．S．government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture．Within a few generations most had forgotten their native tongues．Another challenge to language survival is television．It has brought English into homes，and（19）pushed out traditional storytelling and family time together，accelerating the extinction of native languages．

Q16．What do we learn from the report？

Q17．For what purpose does Fred Nahwooksy appeal for more funding？

Q18．What is the historical cause of the decline in the American Indian Languages？

Q19．What does the speaker say about television？

16．A）A lot of native languages have already died out in the US．

主旨题。短文讲的是很多美国本土语言濒临灭绝的困境，第一句话就指出，美国超过1/3的本土语言已经灭绝了，现有192种语言濒临灭绝，由此可选定A）项“美国很多本土语言已经灭绝”。B）项“美国濒危语言的数量最多”属过度推断；美国印第安人国家博物馆的Fred Nahwooksy说，让这些濒危语言回归到日常使用正在进展当中，可排除C）项“保护印第安语的努力被证明是徒劳的”；Fred Nahwooksy也说到“我们需要需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，所以D）项“需要更多的钱来记录美国的本土语言”可排除。

17．D）To revitalize America's native languages．

推断题。选项均为不定式，推测问题与行为动作或目的相关。A）项“建立更多的语言学校”属过度推断，文中指出通过学校教育可以拯救这些濒危语言，但没有提及创建更多新学校；B）项“记录濒危语言”是现有的做法，不是Nahwooksy呼吁的目的；C）项“教育美国土著孩子”是拯救濒危语言取得成效的途径之一，不是目的，也与更多资金没有直接的关联。根据录音中引用美国原住民博物馆的Fred的话，“我们需要更多的资金并付出更大的努力以让这些语言重新回到日常使用中来……需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，可选定D）项。

18．A）The U．S．government's policy of Americanising Indian children．

推断题。美国印第安语言的衰落有其历史根源：在19世纪中叶，美国政府采取了美国化印第安儿童的政策，即将印第安人的孩子赶出他们的家园，将他们与其文化隔绝。由此，可选定A）项。根据选项关键词American、U．S．government、Indian等可推测问题与美国印第安人的情况有关。B）项“美国印第安语没有取得官方地位”、C）项“美国政府不愿花钱教育印第安人”和D）项“印第安人长期与外界隔绝”均利用个别原词拼凑而成，录音中都未提及。

19．C）It speeds up the extinction of native languages．

细节题。就电视对于本土语言的危害，短文末尾指出，电视将英语带入家庭，挤掉传统的家庭讲故事时间，从而加速了本土语言的灭绝。C）项中的speed up与该句中的accelerating同义，为答案。选项均以It开头，且根据关键词native languages可预测问题是关于某物与本土语言的关系。A）项“它被利用来教授本土语言”和D）项“它被广泛用于浸式语言学校”在短文中均没有提及；而B）项“它在家庭聚会时间讲传统故事”与短文说法相悖。

colonization　n．殖民

UNESCO　联合国教科文组织

extinct　adj．灭绝的

revitalize　v．使复兴

relocate　v．重新安置

immersion　n．浸入式（学习）

Section D

Recording

（20）The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere．In just the past few weeks，the world has witnessed the destructive powers of earthquakes in Indonesia，typhoons in the Philippines，and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands．A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that，between 1980 and 2007，nearly 8，400 natural disasters killed more than two million people．These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses．

U．N．weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news．“Over the last 50 years，economic losses have increased by a factor of 50．That sounds pretty terrible，but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people．We are making a difference．Extreme events，however，will continue to occur．（20）But，the message is that they need not be disasters．”

Love，who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization，says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather，climate or water-related extremes．These include droughts，floods，windstorms，strong tropical winds and wildfires．

He says extreme events will continue．（21）But，he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them．

“Many of the remedies are well-known．From a planning perspective，it is pretty simple．Build better buildings．Don't build where the hazards will destroy them．From an early-warning perspective，make sure the warnings go right down to the community level．Build community action plans．”

（22）The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action．

It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens，if not hundreds of lives，each year，in Cuba．But，the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend．In 2008，Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes，but only seven people were killed．

Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results．Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440，000 people．Through careful preparation，the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3，500．

Q20．What is the talk mainly about？

Q21．How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters？

Q22．What does the example of Cuba serve to show？

20．D）How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced．

主旨题。讲座一开头提到自然灾害造成的负面影响随处可见：大量人员伤亡和经济损失。随后气象专家Geoffrey Love提到在过去的50年里，经济损失增加了50倍，但死亡人数只有以前的十分之一，原因是安全预警做得越来越好了。接下来录音都是围绕着人们采取预防措施来减少自然灾害带来的危害展开。因此D）项正确。选项都出现关键词“natural disasters”，由此可知本题与自然灾害有关。虽然录音开头有提及一些发展中国家遭受严重的自然灾害，但录音接下来强调的是，采取预防措施，这些国家的人员伤亡成功降低了，故A）项不对。录音没有主要阐述世界气象组织如何研究自然灾害，故B）项不对。C）项“人类在面对自然灾害上显得有多无力”与录音提到的人们采取预防措施应对自然灾害这一事实不符。

21．B）By taking steps to prepare people for them．

推断题。 Geoffrey Love说极端事件还会继续发生，但是只有当人们未能做好准备工作或预防措施时，极端事件才会最终演变成灾难，换言之，我们需要采取行动来为此做准备，因此选B）。四个选项都是“By+doing…”结构，推测问题可能涉及做某事的方式。A）、C）和D）项均没有提及，故排除。

22．A）How preventive action can reduce the loss of life．

推断题。最后，世界气象组织列举了古巴和孟加拉国作为例子，说明这两个国家通过采取预防措施，成功地减少了自然灾害带来的大量人员死亡。古巴由于采用了预警系统，2008年虽然遭遇5次飓风连续袭击，但仅有7人遇难。A）项与之相符。B）项“勇敢的古巴人怎样面对灾难”录音没有提及，故排除；C）项“古巴人如何遭受热带风暴的袭击”，录音虽有提及古巴人每年都遭受很多次热带风暴袭击这一事实，但这不是举古巴为例子的目的，故C）项不对。古巴在防范热带风暴袭击方面做得很成功，使得风暴造成的破坏并没有特别大，故排除D）项“热带风暴的破坏力有多大”。

typhoon　n．台风

epidemiology　n．流行病学

catastrophic　adj．灾难性的

extreme events　极端事件

meteorological　adj．气象的

remedy　n．改正办法

early warning　预警

Bangladesh　孟加拉国

preventive　adj．预防性的

reverse　v．扭转

death toll　死亡人数

第三节　科普技术类

Section A

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

1．A）It costs less money．
B）It can be found in lakes．
C）It is more efficient．
D）It is poisonous as well．

2．A）One．
B）Two．
C）Three．
D）Four．

Questions 3 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

3．A）The income gap is widening in developed countries．
B）Cancer cases are increasing dramatically．
C）Unhealthy foods can increase the risk of cancer．
D）Burden of cancer is shifting to poor countries．

4．A）Most cancer patients were from poor regions．
B）Cancer had a significant impact around the world．
C）All sorts of cancers could be prevented．
D）Rich people were more likely to have cancer．

5．A）Drink more water．
B）Be on a diet．
C）Quit smoking．
D）Do exercises．

Section B

Questions 6 to 9 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

6．A）They pollute the soil used to cover them．
B）They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods．
C）The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve．
D）The gas they emit is extremely poisonous．

7．A）Growing population．
B）Packaging materials．
C）Changed eating habits．
D）Lower production cost．

8．A）By saving energy．
B）By using less aluminum．
C）By reducing poisonous wastes．
D）By making the most of materials．

9．A）We are running out of natural resources soon．
B）Only combined efforts can make a difference．
C）The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us．
D）All of us can actually benefit from recycling．

Questions 10 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard．

10．A）Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes．
B）Anything that can be used to produce power．
C）Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground．
D）Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running．

11．A）Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources．
B）Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade．
C）Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems．
D）Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025．

12．A）Minimize the use of fossil fuels．
B）Start developing alternative fuels．
C）Find the real cause for global warming．
D）Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect．

Section C

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard．

13．A）There were no planets without moons．
B）There was no air or water on Jupiter．
C）Life was not possible in outer space．
D）The mystery of life could not be resolved．

14．A）It has a number of active volcanoes．
B）It has an atmosphere like the Earth's．
C）It has a large ocean under its surface．
D）It has deep caves several miles long．

15．A）Light is not an essential element to it．
B）Life can form in very hot temperatures．
C）Every form of life undergoes evolution．
D）Oxygen is not needed for some life forms．

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard．

16．A）The whole Antarctic region will be submerged．
B）Some polar animals will soon become extinct．
C）Many coastal cities will be covered with water．
D）The Earth will experience extreme weathers．

17．A）How humans are to cope with global warming．
B）How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is．
C）How vulnerable the coastal cities are．
D）How polar ice impacts global weather．

18．A）It collapsed at least once in the past 1.3 million years．
B）It sits firmly on solid rock at the bottom of the ocean．
C）It melted at temperatures a bit higher than those of today．
D）It will have little impact on sea level when it breaks up．

19．A）The West Antarctic region was once an open ocean．
B）The West Antarctic ice sheet was about 7，000 feet thick．
C）The West Antarctic ice sheet was once floating ice．
D）The West Antarctic region used to be warmer than today．

Section D

Directions：In this section，you will hear a recording of lecture or talk followed by three questions．The recording will be played only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard．

20．A）Being unable to learn new things．
B）Being rather slow to make changes．
C）Losing temper more and more often．
D）Losing the ability to get on with others．

21．A）Cognitive stimulation．
B）Community activity．
C）Balanced diet．
D）Fresh air．

22．A）Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging．
B）Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life．
C）Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles．
D）Seeking advice from doctors from time to time．

Section A

New Report One

Solar cells convert energy from the sun into electricity．（1）The researchers have replaced a toxic compound，used to make one type of solar cell，with a chemical that is much cheaper，completely safe and works just as well．The new compound is used to make tofu and is found in bath salts．It's also found in sea water，and so costs much less than the poisonous chemical currently used．Dr．Jon Major，who led the research at Liverpool University，believes that“this process could really make the difference into making it competitive with fossil fuels”．More work will need to be done to see if the cost savings found in the lab can work on an industrial scale．But the cost of solar energy has been steadily falling．And many involved in research in the field believe that（2）it's just a matter of time before it becomes cheaper than coal，gas and oil，and one day replaces fossil fuels entirely．

Q1．What's the advantage of the new chemical according to the news？

Q2．How many fossil fuels have been mentioned in this news？

1．A）It costs less money．

本题询问新采用的化合物的优势。新闻开头提到：“The researchers have replaced a toxic compound，used to make one type of solar cell，with a chemical that is much cheaper，completely safe and works just as well．”，指出科学家采用了一种新的化合物，这种化合物比之前采用的更低廉，同时它也是绝对安全的，所起的作用也是一样的，因而A）项表述符合新闻内容。故答案选A）。

2．C）Three．

该题考查新闻中提及的化石燃料的数量。新闻末尾处提到：“…it's just a matter of time before it becomes cheaper than coal，gas and oil，and one day replaces fossil fuels entirely．”，很显然，提到了煤炭、天然气和石油三种化石燃料。故答案选C）。

convert　vt．使转变；转换……

toxic　adj．有毒的；中毒的；因中毒引起的

compound　n．复合物；场地；（筑有围墙的）院子；复合词

steadily　adv．稳定地；持续地；稳固地

fossil fuel　n．化石燃料

New Report Two

（3）A recent research showed that the global burden of cancer is shifting dramatically．（4）Once considered a disease of the wealthy，it now has a significant impact in every region，and the greatest proportional increases in cases in the coming years are predicted to be in the poorest corners of the world．Worldwide，an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases were diagnosed in 2012 and 8.2 million cancer deaths．

In an analysis that maps the world's hot spots for cancer，epidemiologist Lindsey Torre found cancer rates declining in high-income countries but rising in lower-income countries．

（5）Better screening，early detection and access to treatment plus a decrease in risk factors like smoking probably explain part of the positive trend among the high-income countries．

Q3．What is the main idea of the news？

Q4．What did people think about cancer before this research？

Q5．According to the news，what can possibly help reduce the risk of cancer？

3．D）Burden of cancer is shifting to poor countries．

本题考查新闻的主旨。新闻开头提到：“A recent research showed that the global burden of cancer is shifting dramatically．”，指出一项新研究表明全球癌症负担在明显转移，随后提到这种曾经是富人易得的病，在接下来的一些年却有可能在最为贫困的地区增长最快。由此可知，新闻的主旨在于强调癌症由发达国家向贫穷国家转移。故答案选D）。

4．D）Rich people were more likely to have cancer．

新闻中提到：“Once considered a disease of the wealthy，it now has a significant impact in every region，”，指出癌症曾经被看成是富人容易得的病，但是现在却对每一个地区都造成了严重的影响，D）项表述符合新闻内容。

5．C）Quit smoking．

本题考查哪些行为可以帮助降低患癌的风险。新闻中提到：“Better screening，early detection and access to treatment plus a decrease in risk factors like smoking probably explain part of the positive trend among the high-income countries．”，由此可知，早期的筛查、接受治疗和减少诸如吸烟之类的危险因素或许能够解释发达国家癌症发病率降低的趋势，由此可知，这些因素可能会帮助减少得癌症的风险，因而四个选项中C）项表述符合原文。故答案选C）。

dramatically　adv．戏剧性地；引人注目地

significant　adj．重要的；显著的；有重大意义的；意味深长的

proportional　adj．比例的，成比例的；相称的，均衡的

predict　v．预言；预测；预示

estimate　vt．估计，估算；评价，评论；估量，估价

diagnose　vt．诊断；判断

epidemiologist　n．流行病学家

Section B

Conversation One

W： Why is it important to recycle？

M： There are many reasons．Recycling is one way to keep waste out of landfills．（6）Landfills are places to dump waste．But they are unpopular，because they can pollute the soil used to cover them and that's bad for people who may build new homes there．Recycling also reuses valuable raw materials，such as aluminum and paper．Finally，recycling can leave a lower garbage bill．Recycling lowers the amount of waste put into landfills，therefore，less money is spent for garbage disposal．

W： How has recycling changed over the years？

M：（7）Ten or twenty years ago，you could buy milk in returnable，refillable，glass bottles，and many people recycled voluntarily．Now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers．Because of the high cost of disposing of these things in landfills，many city governments now have recycling programs．

W： How does recycling help the environment？

M：（8）Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy．For example，it takes 95 percent less energy to produce recycled aluminum than to produce new aluminum．

W： Can one person really make a difference？If only a few people recycle，then what's the point？

M： If not you，then who？（9）If we combine our efforts，we can make a difference．Each of us contributes to the waste problem．All the millions of tons of waste that go into landfills started as an old pair of slippers，a broken TV set，or a used magazine that came from somebody's house—maybe yours！

Q6．Why are landfills unpopular according to the man？

Q7．What does the man say has contributed to the increasing amount of waste over the years？

Q8．According to the man，how does recycling help the environment？

Q9．Why does the man say everybody should make an effort to recycle？

6．A）They pollute the soil used to cover them．

本题考查谈话细节。在对话开头男士提到：“Landfills are places to dump waste．But they are unpopular，because they can pollute the soil used to cover them and that's bad for people who may build new homes there．”，即“垃圾填埋”不受欢迎，因为这种垃圾处理方式最终会污染覆盖垃圾的土壤，也不利于可能在那里建新家的人。故答案为A）。

7．B）Packaging materials．

对话中男士说：“Ten or twenty years ago，you could buy milk in returnable，refillable，glass bottles，and many people recycled voluntarily．Now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers．”，就是说，一、二十年前，人们可以买到用可回收且可重复灌装的玻璃瓶装的牛奶，而且很多人主动回收，而现在购买的牛奶和其他商品都是装在塑料瓶或纸质容器里的。因此，包装材料的变化导致废品数量增加。故答案为B）。

8．A）By saving energy．

对话中女士询问男士回收利用怎样对环境产生有利的影响，男士明确答复：“Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy．”，即回收利用主要通过节约能源来达到保护环境的效果，答案为A）。

9．
B）Only combined efforts can make a difference．

对话中男士说我们每个人都是垃圾制造者，因此，只有我们一起努力，才能真正取得良好的效果。故答案为B）。

familiar　adj．熟悉的；通晓的

landfill　n．废渣埋填法；垃圾填筑地

dump　vt．倾倒；丢下，卸下

aluminum　n．铝

disposal　n．（事情的）处置；（自由）处置权；清理；排列

dispose　vt．＆vi．处理，处置；安排

Conversation Two

W： What does the term“alternative energy source”mean？

M：（10）When we think of energy or fuel for our homes and cars，we think of petroleum，a fossil fuel processed from oil removed from the ground，of which there was a limited supply．But alternative fuels can be many things．Wind，sun and water can all be used to create fuel．

W： Is the threat of running out of petroleum real？

M： It has taken thousands of years to create the natural stores of petroleum we have now．We are using what is available at a much faster rate that it is being produced over time．The real controversy surrounding the mass petroleum we have is how much we need to keep in reserve for future use．（11）Most experts agree that by around 2025，the petroleum we use will reach a peak．Then production and availability will begin to seriously decline．This is not to say there will be no petroleum at this point．But it'll become very difficult and therefore expensive to extract．

W： Is that the most important reason to develop alternative fuel and energy sources？

M： There're two very clear reasons to do so，one is that（12）whether we have 60 or 600 years of fossil fuels left，we have to find other fuel sources eventually．So the sooner we start，the better off we will be．The other big argument is that when you burn fossil fuels，you release substances trapped into the ground for a long time，which leads to some long-term negative effects，like global warming and greenhouse effect．

Q10．What do we usually refer to when we talk about energy according to the man？

Q11．What do most experts agree on according to the man？

Q12．What does the man think we should do now？

10．C）Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground．

本题考查事实细节。对话中男士说：“When we think of energy or fuel for our homes and cars，we think of petroleum，a fossil fuel processed from oil removed from the ground，…”，也就是说，一提到能量或燃料，人们通常会想到汽油，这是一种从地下石油中提取的化石燃料。故本题选C）。

11．D）Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025．

本题考查细节辨认。对话中男士说：“Most experts agree that by around 2025，the petroleum we use will reach a peak．Then production and availability will begin to seriously decline．”，就是说，大多数专家都同意，到2025年左右石油使用量将达到顶点，此后产量和可用量将开始大幅下降。故本题选D）。

12．B）Start developing alternative fuels．

本题考查细节推断。对话末尾部分，男士说：“…whether we have 60 or 600 years of fossil fuels left，we have to find other fuel sources eventually．So the sooner we start，the better off we will be．”，就是说，不论是60年，还是600年，早晚需要其他能源。因此，越早开始行动，对人类越好。也就是说男士认为现在我们应该开始开发替代燃料。故本题选B）。

alternative　adj．替代的；备选的；其他的；另类的

petroleum　n．石油

controversy　n．争论；争议；辩论

extract　vt．提取；（费力地）拔出；选取；获得

eventually　adv．终于，最后；竟；总归；终究

Section C

Passage One

Since early times，people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides Earth．（13）Until recently，scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream．But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form．In 1997，they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun．But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system．One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa，a moon of Jupiter．（14）Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface．The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat．Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form．A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon，oxygen and nitrogen．Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa's ocean．They may have already created life or may be about to．You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form．Until recently，scientists thought that light was essential．But now，places have been found on Earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface．And bacteria，primitive forms of life have been seen there．（15）So the lack of light in Europa's sub-surface ocean doesn't automatically rule out life forming．

Q13．What did scientists once believe according to the passage？

Q14．What have scientists found about Europa，a moon of Jupiter？

Q15．What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life？

13．C）Life was not possible in outer space．

预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在开头几句中找到。选项D）与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注“no planets”、“no air or water”还是“no life”。本题问的是科学家曾经（once）相信什么事实？答案出现在原文的第二句：“Until recently，scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream．”，意为“科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦”。故答案选择C）。

14．C）It has a large ocean under its surface．

通过选项即可确定本题考查对某一事物的细节描述，所以首先要解决各选项中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是“Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface．”，意为“航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋”。C）选项与原文表述一致。

15．A）Light is not an essential element to it．

注意转折连词but前后，原文为：“Until recently，scientists thought that light was essential．But now，places have been found on Earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean．And bacteria，primitive forms of life，have been seen there．”，意为“科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方——比如几英里深的洞里，也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A）正确。

beneath　prep．在……之下

Jupiter　n．木星

moon　n．卫星；月球

nitrogen　n．氮

planet　n．行星，星球

volcanic activity　火山活动

Passage Two

（16）Among global warming's most frightening threats is the prediction that the polar ice-caps will melt，raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded．

Scientists agree that key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet，a Brazil-size mass of frozen water that is as much as 7，000 feet thick．Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up，the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock well below the sea surface．Surrounded by open ocean，it is also vulnerable，but（17）Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is．

Now，（18）new evidence reveals that all or most of the west Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years，a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today．And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable．In geological time，a million years is recent history．The proof，which was published last week in Science，comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and the California Institute of Technology who drilled deep holes near the edge of the ice sheet．Within samples collected from the solid substance lying beneath the ice，they found fossils of microscopic marine plants which（19）suggest that the region was once an open ocean，not solid ice．As Herman Englehart，a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says，“the West Antarctic ice sheet disappeared once，and can disappear again．”

Q16．What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage？

Q17．What did scientists disagree on？

Q18．What does the latest information reveal about the West Antarctic ice sheet？

Q19．What does the scientists' latest finding suggest？

16．C）Many coastal cities will be covered with water．

细节题。作为第一个题目，在听力开头就出现了对应信息：“Among global warming's most frightening threats is the prediction that the polar ice-caps will melt，raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded．”，意为“科学家们对于全球变暖后果的预测中最可怕的是，极地冰盖融化、海平面大幅上升，以至于纽约、洛杉矶、上海这些沿海城市将被淹没”。所以选C）选项。

17．B）How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is．

细节题。注意标志转折关系的连词引出的关键句：“…but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is．”，内容与B）选项一样。

18．A）It collapsed at least once in the past 1.3 million years．

细节题。注意提取关键信息：“new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years，”，内容与A）选项一致。

19．A）The West Antarctic region was once an open ocean．

细节题。听力的结尾部分出现了关键词“suggest”—“which suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice”，意为“该地区曾经是一片海洋而不是固体的冰面”。其他选项都不是最新的发现，故答案选A）。

anchored　adj．固定的

geological　adj．地质的

West Antarctic ice sheet　西南极洲大冰原

microscopic marine plants　海洋微生物

Section D

Recording

A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults．Still there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age．（20）Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills，or recall words，names，and faces that is most common as we age．To reduce or avoid it，researchers have examined the effect of smoking，diet，brain-challenging games，exercise and other strategies．

Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference．Co-author James Burke helped design the study．“In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial．”（21）“Exercise，diet，cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects，although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established．” Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help．And Burke says that actually does seem to help，based on randomized studies—the researcher's gold standard．“Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit．The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged．”The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline．However，given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes，plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline，Burke was willing to offer some recommendations．（22）“I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle，both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint，we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline，which will be proof that these factors are，in fact，important．”James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline．The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine．

Q20．According to the speaker，what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adults？

Q21．According to James Burke，what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline？

Q22．What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline？

20．A）Being unable to learn new things．

篇章开头就出现了对“cognitive decline”的定义：“Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills，or recall words，names，and faces that is most common as we age．”，意为“认知能力的下降意味着丧失学习新技能的能力，或者是容易忘记一些单词、名字和人的长相，这些都是我们年老时常会出现的情况”。A）项的“unable to”是原文“the loss of ability”的同义转换。四个选项都是动名词短语，内容涉及一些负面的影响。B）项“作出改变相当缓慢”、C）项“越来越经常发脾气”和D）项“失去与他人相处的能力”文中均没有提及。故答案为A）。

21．A）Cognitive stimulation．

篇章提到：“Exercise，diet，cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects，although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established．”，意为“虽然没有有力的证据证实运动、饮食和认知刺激可以帮助减缓认知能力衰退，但是它们仍能发挥一定的积极作用”。A）项与内容吻合。篇章没有提及参加社区活动和呼吸新鲜空气能减少认知能力衰退，因此B）项和D）项不对；文中只是提到饮食是减缓认知能力衰退的因素之一，并没有指是均衡饮食，也有可能指提高记忆力的食材，因此C）项也不准确。故答案为A）。

22．C）Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles．

篇章最后提到，James Burke提出一些建议：“I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle，both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint，we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline，…”，即从医学、营养和认知刺激的角度来看，人们采取健康的生活方式，可以减少认知能力衰退的发生，故C）项“尝试放弃不健康的生活方式”正确。A）项“忽略衰老的症状和体征”、B）项“采取积极的生活态度”和D）项“时不时向医生征求建议”文中均没有提及，故予以排除。

cognitive　adj．认知的；认识的

decline　n．下降；（人、生命等的）衰退期vi．下倾；降低；衰落；谢绝

strategy　n．策略，战略；战略学

scrutinize　vt．仔细检查；仔细察看

absence　n．缺席，缺勤；缺乏，缺少，无；心不在焉

stimulation　n．刺激；激发；启发；促进

randomized　v．使随机化，完全打乱，（使）作任意排列

dietary　adj．饮食的，规定食物的

apparently　adv．据说；似乎；看来；显然

第四节　商业经济类

Section A

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

1．A）The International Labour Organization's key objective．
B）The basic social protection for the most vulnerable．
C）Rising unemployment worldwide．
D）Global economic recovery．

2．A）Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs．
B）Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis．
C）Few countries have realised the seriousness of the current crisis．
D）Many countries need support to improve their people's livelihood．

Questions 3 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

3．A）Inability to implement their business plans．
B）Inability to keep turning out novel products．
C）Lack of a successful business model of their own．
D）Failure to integrate innovation into their business．

4．A）It is the secret to business success．
B）It is the creation of something new．
C）It is a magic tool to bring big rewards．
D）It is an essential part of business culture．

5．A）Its hardworking employees．
B）Its flexible promotion strategy．
C）Its innovation culture．
D）Its willingness to make investments．

Section B

Questions 6 to 9 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

6．A）To place an order．
B）To apply for a job．
C）To return some goods．
D）To make a complaint．

7．A）He works on a part-time basis for the company．
B）He has not worked in the sales department for long．
C）He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods．
D）He has become somewhat impatient with the woman．

8．A）It is not his responsibility．
B）It will be free for large orders．
C）It depends on a number of factors．
D）It costs ￡15 more for express delivery．

9．A）Make inquiries with some other companies．
B）Report the information to her superior．
C）Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge．
D）Ring back when she comes to a decision．

Questions 10 to 13 are based on the conversation you have just heard．

10．A）Persuade the man to join her company．
B）Employ the most up-to-date technology．
C）Export bikes to foreign markets．
D）Expand their domestic business．

11．A）The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises．
B）The government has control over bicycle imports．
C）They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers．
D）They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices．

12．A）Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad．
B）More workers will be needed to do packaging．
C）They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers．
D）It is very difficult to find suitable local agents．

13．A）Report to the management．
B）Attract foreign investments．
C）Conduct a feasibility study．
D）Consult financial experts．

Section C

Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard．

14．A）Job security．
B）Good labour relations．
C）Challenging work．
D）Attractive wages and benefits．

15．A）Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually．
B）More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs．
C）Computers will change the nature of many jobs．
D）Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable．

16．A）Offer them chances of promotion．
B）Improve their working conditions．
C）Encourage them to compete with each other．
D）Give them responsibilities as part of a team．

17．A）They will not bring real benefits to the staff．
B）They concern a small number of people only．
C）They are arbitrarily set by the administrators．
D）They are beyond the control of ordinary workers．

Questions 18 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard．

18．A）Prestige advertising．
B）Institutional advertising．
C）Word of mouth advertising．
D）Distributing free trial products．

19．A）To sell a particular product．
B）To build up their reputation．
C）To promote a specific service．
D）To attract high-end consumers．

20．A）By using the services of large advertising agencies．
B）By hiring their own professional advertising staff．
C）By buying media space in leading newspapers．
D）By creating their own ads and commercials．

21．A）Decide on what specific means of communication to employ．
B）Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs．
C）Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail．
D）Pretest alternative ads or commercials in certain regions．

Section D

Directions：In this section，you will hear a recording of lecture or talk followed by four questions．The recordings will be played only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard．

22．A）Pay back their loans to the American government．
B）Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty．
C）Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery．
D）Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble．

23．A）Some banks may have to merge with others．
B）Many smaller regional banks are going to fail．
C）It will be hard for banks to provide more loans．
D）Many banks will have to lay off some employees．

24．A）It will work closely with the government．
B）It will endeavor to write off bad loans．
C）It will try to lower the interest rate．
D）It will try to provide more loans．

25．A）It won't help the American economy to turn around．
B）It won't do any good to the major commercial banks．
C）It will win the approval of the Obama administration．
D）It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again．

Section A

News Report One

Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today．（3）But not many are able to integrate innovation into their business．A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn't mean piles of documents．It is something more practical．（4）The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new，but actually it's more than that．It's an attitude of doing things．A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions，business models and processes．（5）The article cites the global giant Procter＆Gamble as an example，saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success．Procter＆Gamble has a“Corporate Innovation Fund”which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed．It also has a special innovation facility for its employees．Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead．In conclusion，the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success．It's pointless unless there is a repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance．

Q3．What is the problem with many companies according to the news report？

Q4．What do many people tend to think of innovation？

Q5．What does the company Procter＆Gamble owe its success to？

3．D）Failure to integrate innovation into their business．

本文中一直提到的词是innovation“创新”，文中第一句话就提到“not many are able to integrate innovation into their business”，意为“没有多少公司能够将创新整合进自己的商业模式上”，原文重现对应到选项D）。

4．B）It is the creation of something new．

原文借article提出人们对创新的看法“innovation just means creating something new”，意为“创新就是创造新东西，接着又提到说创新远不止这些”。而问题是大部分人对创新的观点，故选择和原文同义替换的表述，即选项B）。

5．C）Its innovation culture．

原文直接说到，一个名词叫做innovation culture“创新文化”，接着说“use it as a primary tool for success”，意为“把它作为走向成功的主要方式”。由此可知答案应为C）。

innovation　n．创新

integrate into　成为一体

practical　adj．实际的

assume　v．假定

giant　n．巨人

primary　adj．主要的

facility　n．设施

News Report Two

（3）Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at a Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing，New York，according to Marcia Lynch．

（4）Public information officer with Tompkins County's emergency response department，emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio．“And they all appear to be uninjured，”said Jessica Verfuss，the emergency department's assistant director．

（5）Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation，Verfuss said．Details about what led to the workers' being trapped in the elevator weren't immediately available．The mine，along New York's Cayuga Lake，processes salt used for road treatment．It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1，500 places in the northeastern United States，the rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio．

Q3．What does the news report say about the salt miners？

Q4．What did the rescue team do？

3．D）They were trapped in an underground elevator．

主旨题。这道题的问题是新闻主旨题的一种衍变问法，“What does the news report say about the salt miners？”。根据前述原理，通过新闻第一句“Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at a Cargill rock salt mine”，得出正确答案C）。

4．B）They sent supplies to keep the miners warm．

细节题。这道题问的是救援队做了什么工作，根据第四段第一句可知，救援人员已经给被困的旷工发放了一些发热包和毯子以供其保暖，原文中的manage to do结构表示已成功完成某事，因此B）项符合题义。

rescue　vt．＆n．营救，救援

underway　adj．起步的；在进行中的

stuck　adj．被卡住的，被…缠住的

make contact with　和……接触；和……通信

available　adj．可获得的；有空的；

Section B

Conversation One

M： Hello．Yes？

W： Hello．Is that the sales department？

M： Yes，it is．

W： Oh，well．My name is Jane Kingsbury of GPF limited．（6）We need some supplies for our design office．

M： Oh，what sort？

W： Well，first of all，we need one complete new drawing board．

M： DO44 or DO45？

W： Ah，I don't know．What's the difference？

M： Well，the 45 costs 15 pounds more．

W： So what's the total price then？

M： It's 387 pounds．

W： Dose that include valued-added tax？

M：（7）Oh，I'm not sure．Most of the prices do．Yes，I think it does．

W： What are the boards actually made of？

M：（7）Oh，I don't know．I think it's a sort of plastic stuff these days．It's white anyway．

W： And how long does it take to deliver？

M： Oh，I couldn't really say．（8）It depends on how much work we've got and how many other orders there are to send out，you know．

W： OK，now we also want some drawing pens，ink and rulers，and some drawing paper．

M： Oh dear．The girl who takes all those supplies isn't here this morning．So I can't take those orders for you．I only do the equipment you see．

W：（9）OK，well，perhaps I'll ring back tomorrow．

M： So do you want the drawing board then？

W：（9）Oh，I have to think about it．Thanks very much．I'll let you know．Good-bye．

M： Thank you．Good-bye．

Q6．What is the woman's purpose in making the phone call？

Q7．What do we learn about the man from the conversation？

Q8．What does the man say about delivery？

Q9．What does the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow？

6．A）To place an order．

对话中女士打销售部的电话，目的是想购买东西。由此推断，女士打电话是为了订货。故答案为A）。

7．C）He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods．

女士询问画板报价是否包括增值税，男士表示不太肯定；女士又问及画板的材质，男士也不清楚。由此可推测，男士并不十分了解他们的货物。故答案为C）。

8．C）It depends on a number of factors．

女士询问了画板的价格和材质后，又询问了货物运送的情况，男士说这得看他们的工作情况和订单的数量等。由此可推测，货物的运送是由多种因素决定的。故答案为C）。

9．D）Ring back when she comes to a decision．

女士说除了画板之外，还需要画笔、油墨、尺子和画纸等材料，但被告知负责相关业务的人员不在，因此女士打算明天再打电话咨询相关事宜。由此可知，女士计划做完决定后再打电话联系。故答案为D）。

sales department　业务部

design office　设计办公室

drawing board　制图板

valued-added tax　增值税

plastic　adj．塑料的

deliver　v．交付

order　n．订单

Conversation Two

W： Jack，sit down and listen．This is important．（10）We'll have to tackle the problems of the exporting step by step．And the first move is to get an up-to-date picture of where we stand now．

M： Why don't we just concentrate on expending here at home？

W： Of course，we should hold on to our position here．But you must admit the market here is limited．

M： Yes，but it's safe．（11）The government keeps out foreigners with import controls．So I must admit I feel sure we could hold our own against foreign bikes．

W： I agree．（10）That's why I am suggesting exporting．Because I feel we can compete with the best of them．

M： What you are really saying is that we'd make more profit by selling bikes abroad，where we have a cost advantage and can charge high prices．

W： Exactly．

M： But，wait a minute．（12）Packaging，shipping，financing，etc．will push up our cost and we could no better off，maybe worse off．

W： OK．Now there are extra costs involved．But if we do it right，they can be built into the price of the bike and we can still be competitive．

M： How sure are you about our chances of success in the foreign market？

W： Well，that's the sticky one．It's going to need a lot of research．I'm hoping to get your help．Well，come on，Jack．Is it worth it，or not？

M： There will be a lot of problems．

W： Nothing we can't handle．

M： Um…I'm not that hopeful．（13）But，yes，I think we should go ahead with the feasibility study．

W： Marvelous，Jack．I was hoping you be on my side．

Q10．What does the woman intend to do？

Q11．Why does the man think it's safe to focus on the home market？

Q12．What is the man's concern about selling bikes abroad？

Q13．What do the speakers agree to do？

10．C）Export bikes to foreign markets．

对话开始部分女士提到“我们要逐步解决出口中遇到的问题”，然后提到“这就是我建议出口的原因”。故答案为C）。

11．B）The government has control over bicycle imports．

本题问男士为什么认为聚焦国内市场是安全的，对话中男士明确表示政府通过控制进口将外国人挡在国门之外，也就是说政府控制自行车进口。故答案为B）。

12．A）Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad．

对话中女士认为出口自行车可以获取更多的利润，因为他们不仅具有成本优势，而且可以把自行车卖高价，而男士却担心包装、运输等会提高成本，影响利润。故答案为A）。

13．C）Conduct a feasibility study．

对话结尾部分，女士说要想确定是否可以在国外市场成功，需要大量的调查，而男士也同意他们可以先进行可行性调查，因此两人都同意先进行可行性调查。故答案为C）。

tackle　vt．处理

exporting　n．出口

admit　v．承认

import controls　进口管制

profit　n．利润

better off　adj．经济状况好的

competitive　adj．有竞争力的

feasibility　n．可行性

Section C

Passage One

It's logical to suppose that things like good labor relations，good working conditions，good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers，but one expert，Fredrick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers．（14）They are merely satisfiers．Motivators，in contrast，include things such as having a challenging and interesting job， recognition and responsibility．（15）However，even with the development of computers and robotics，there are always plenty of boring，repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them．So how do mangers motivate people in such jobs？（16）One solution is to give them some responsibilities，not as individuals，but as a part of a team．For example，some supermarkets can buy office stuff to people who fill the shelves，and the people who work at the check out into a team，and let them decide what product lines to stock，how to display them and so on．Many people now talk about the importance of a company's shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify，for example，being the best hotel chain，or making the best，the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field．（17）Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people．Unfortunately，there's only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition，not all the competing companies in that industry can seriously plan to be the best．

Q14．What can actually motivate workers according to Fredrick Herzberg？

Q15．What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era？

Q16．What do some supermarkets do to motivate their employees？

Q17．Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers？

14．C）Challenging work．

预览选项中的关键词job security、labor relation、work和wages and benefits可知，此篇短文主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与工作有关。此题问的是，到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢？原文“Motivators，in contrast，include things such as having a challenging and interesting job，recognition and responsibility”，连接词“in contrast”附近出现了答案，意为“起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可”。故答案选C），即挑战性的工作。

15．A）Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually．

从选项内容可知，本题考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词—tedious、unskilled and lose job、computer和boring and enjoyable。此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中“However，even with the development of computers and robotics，there're always plenty of boring，repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them．”可知，连接词however后出现了答案。意为“尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成”，对应到正确答案A）选项中的tedious以及manually。

16．D）Give them responsibilities as part of a team．

听音时，注意选项中的promotion、compete和team。原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在for example前的总结句：“Give them some responsibilities，not as individuals，but as a part of a team．”。but后强调的是team。故答案选D）。

17．B）They concern a small number of people only．

为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，答案出现在结尾前30秒处，即“Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people”，意为“团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的个别人相关”。故答案选B）。

security　n．安全

motivate　vt．刺激

recognition　n．承认

mechanical　adj．机械的；力学的

stock　vt．进货

display　vt．陈列

identify　vt．鉴定

reliable　adj．可靠的

particular　adj．特别的

Passage Two

Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them．（18）The best form of advertising is probably word of mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased．Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone，but use paid advertising instead．（19）Indeed many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products．Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments，write their own advertisements and buy media space themselves，（20）they tend to use the services of large advertising agencies．These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than a single company．It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising staff．The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget，a statement of the objective of the advertising campaign，knownas a brief and overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers．The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan，specifying which media will be used and in which proportions．（21）Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pretested in newspapers，television stations etc．in different parts of the country，before a final choice is made prior to a national campaign．

Q18．What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker？

Q19．What does the speaker say is the puxpese of many organizations using prestige advertising？

Q20．How did large companies generally handle their advertising？

Q21．What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaign？

18．C）Word of mouth advertising．

本题在短文开头就提到“The best form of advertising is probably word of mouth advertising”。故答案为C）。

19．B）To build up their reputation．

在短文中直接提到很多企业运用“institutional or prestige advertising”的目的就是建立声誉，而不是单纯为了销售产品。

20．A）By using the services of large advertising agencies．

文中提到虽然大公司可以通过设立自己的广告部、运用媒体自己打广告，但是他们倾向于使用广告公司提供的服务。此句由“Although”一词引出转折关系。答案中其他三个选项分别为Although引导的从句中所提及的细节，大公司可以做到，但不是“更倾向于”做的事。

21．D）Pretest alternative ads or commercials in certain regions．

本题答案很直接，所听即所答——在全国性的广告前，一般来说，广告公司会在不同地区的报纸、电视台等处做前测。

attempt　vt．试图；尝试；试图夺取或攻克

virtually　adv．实际上，实质上，事实上

provider　n．供应者，提供者，维持家庭生计者

institutional　adj．由来已久的；习以为常的；公共机构的；设立的，规定的，制度上的

prestige　n．威信，威望，声望；声誉

advertising agency　n．广告商，广告公司

specify　vt．规定，指定，确定；详细说明，具体说明

proportions　n．比，比率；大小；面积；容积

alternative　adj．两者择一的

Section D

Recording

As U．S．banks recovered with the help of the American government and the American taxpayer，President Obama held meetings with top bank executives，telling them it's time to return the favor．（22）“The way I see it are banks now having a greater obligation to the goal of a wider recovery，” he said．But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit“It was in a free fall，and it was a very scary period，”Economist Martin Neil Baily said．After the failure of Lehman Brothers，many of the world's largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed in investments in risky loans．Although he says the worst is just over，Baily says the banking crisis is not．More than 130 US banks failed in 2009．（23）He predicts high failure rates for smaller，regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due．“So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and medium sized businesses in the next year or so．”Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment，which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend．But US Bankcorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently．“We're probably more optimistic than the experts might be．（24）With that in mind，we're putting in everything we can，lending is the coal to our engine，so we want to make more loans．We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk．”While some economists predict continued recovery in the future，Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes twice．“You know，forecasting's become a very hazardous business so I don't want to commit myself too much．I don't think we know exactly what's going to happen but its certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two．”（25）If the economy starts to shrink again，Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus—something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary．

Q22．What does President Obama hope the banks will do？

Q23．What is Martin Neil Baily's prediction about the financial situation in the future？

Q24．What does U．S．Bankcorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation？

Q25．What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy？

22．C）Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery．

选项都是原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为动作有关。录音一开始提到，在美国政府和纳税人的帮助下，美国银行业得以复苏，总统奥巴马说银行是时候要作出回报了：现在银行更有义务去完成更大范围的经济复苏这一目标。故答案选C）。

23．B）Many smaller regional banks are going to fail．

选项中多次提及banks，推测问题与银行业有关。录音提到，经济学家Martin Neil Baily认为银行业危机并没有结束，在2009年已经有130多家美国银行倒闭，预计在2010年会有更多规模小的地区性银行面临倒闭，原因是商业地产贷款将到期。故答案选B）。

24．D）It will try to provide more loans．

从选项的内容来看，题目与It（银行）将来的举动有关。在银行的问题上，Richard Davis比一些经济专家更乐观，他说借贷就好像煤炭对于引擎的作用一样，所以我们要放出更多的贷款。D）项中“provide more loans”是录音中“make more loans”的同义转换。故答案选D）。

25．D）It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again．

四个选项都是关于“It”的情况，留意题目中的“It”指代何物。录音最后提到，如果美国经济再次开始下滑，Baily认为应该有充分的理由二度刺激经济。故答案选D）。

executive　n．总经理；执行委员会

return the favor　回报，报答

obligation　n．义务；职责；债务

scary　adj．（事物）可怕的

economist　n．经济学者

Lehman Brothers　雷曼兄弟（美国第四大投资银行，现已破产）

collapse　v．倒塌；瓦解；暴跌n．倒塌；失败；衰竭

commercial real estate loan　商业房地产贷款

come due　到期

forecasting　n．预测

hazardous　adj．有危险的

Part Ⅱ 听力材料分析

第一节 文化教育类

Section A

Section B

Section C

Section D

第二节 社会生活类

Section A

Section B

Section C

Section D

第三节 科普技术类

Section A

Section B

Section C

Section D

第四节 商业经济类

Section A

Section B

Section C

Section D

Part Ⅱ　听力材料分析

第一节　文化教育类

第二节　社会生活类

第三节　科普技术类

第四节　商业经济类