![救护师资教程(二):心肺复苏与创伤救护](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/989/33144989/b_33144989.jpg)
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三、 心肺复苏体位
如果急救人员判断患者无反应、无呼吸或是呼吸异常,将患者置于心肺复苏体位,注意对怀疑有颈椎受伤的患者,翻转身体时要使其头颈背部呈轴向转动,以免导致脊髓损伤。
(一) 救护员位置
现场急救人员位于被复苏者的一侧,宜于右侧,近胸部部位(图5)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P5_4311.jpg?sign=1739592448-JsnvVJxqlYsWEOm3veb2AXWoaXBSwNhc-0-cd6ec0475ea0d9ecf5bbc97fc6ec16de)
图5 救护员体位
(二) 复苏体位
如果被救者处于俯卧位或其他不宜复苏体位,急救人员应在被救者的一侧,将其双上肢向头部方向伸直,将对侧小腿放于同侧的小腿上,呈交叉状。急救员再用单手托住被救者的后头枕部,另一只手放置其对侧腋下,使被救者整个身体转向急救员一侧,并置于仰卧位后,放置双上肢于身体两侧(图6a、b、c、d、e)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6a_12543.jpg?sign=1739592448-X3zqyqY1C5779d5JNfRPb8sTd5PjmYWq-0-ebcb4add362113c83cf53c2b07c328bb)
图6a 双上肢向上伸直
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6b_4347.jpg?sign=1739592448-vW79iWdUeOuoe7c1qpWaE8cW5o0AYuNW-0-de125df39876a81a3edc39b7785a7817)
图6b 对侧腿放于同侧腿上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6c_4348.jpg?sign=1739592448-Gi6dhOS4Va2FpSDXdDtXb0L9Ef9th14A-0-950a4c0b102770bbba3a1030ac1dc752)
图6c 一手保护头颈部,一手插入腋下
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6d_4349.jpg?sign=1739592448-cqzeTKZSXKdh6AgWWj93rfI5aKmJ4Mi0-0-ef4d654b8b5c5e66273b867b86a83345)
图6d 翻身
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6e_4350.jpg?sign=1739592448-dX0LT0hCXYpkSVbepJe0n4MGiiJhUj0E-0-b6c98e87a78431e109494098458dda7d)
图6e 上肢放于身体两侧
(三) 复原体位
1. 常规复原体位
如果在心肺复苏中或心肺复苏之后患者恢复呼吸和循环体征(有脉搏、正常呼吸、咳嗽或活动),应继续维持呼吸道通畅,此时,患者应放置于复原体位(图7a、b、c、d、e、f、g、h、i)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7a_4380.jpg?sign=1739592448-ansyN9AfY5KvnHo1oExc86DhOep8xArQ-0-f197ebed4d555228d6442b0295daab73)
图7a 救护员体位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7b_4381.jpg?sign=1739592448-DRJegiDAezk1yBSNxqorkNBYHvZs9c2z-0-c1ab51e6c1c3a5d3fcf456e55c2f578e)
图7b 上肢屈肘外展
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7c_4409.jpg?sign=1739592448-9ftVCaHOVDqludvhl0CF5To3HhlrcSS4-0-2a2132a5a17254019d6afcae818e5aa2)
图7c 上臂屈曲置于肩部
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7d_4410.jpg?sign=1739592448-uU2M2AWis1TxwyIW3J1GywEGyoklHdqF-0-7116bdd0fde604f1847017bb2800a0aa)
图7d 对侧膝部屈曲
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7e_12554.jpg?sign=1739592448-2Sq2s08cgjS5wCxSBSUygoC0Aie7rShV-0-ec2951441ebc8a3b81542db4cf707d5f)
图7e 翻转成侧卧位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7f_12555.jpg?sign=1739592448-krUh2BozwJsNldAKz33Nh0DAIeWcOupk-0-6b73bea0b2083f6a08d78ae62eba736a)
图7f 面部枕于手背
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7g_4428.jpg?sign=1739592448-fpSzHvFP6SxSfbKcXi2JqcguYvevmQxN-0-f4cd6522dda9160703b9f524c9bd6624)
图7g 打开气道
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7h_4429.jpg?sign=1739592448-W9FCpkLIZEOsNr5r4Qd8RnG8Jw7hMrbk-0-656ec005c6d89977885c487431391a64)
图7h 调整下肢位置
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7i_4467.jpg?sign=1739592448-FGEu6H2zSpJlkM0ChcJIlqG8MihvqgiW-0-820225e1a99719182ed6ad1fdda87f90)
图7i 复原体位
2. 其他复原体位(图8a、b、c)
(1)头低脚高位 适用于失血性休克患者。患者仰卧,救护员将其头部放低并偏向一侧,下肢抬高(图8a)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P8a_4474.jpg?sign=1739592448-kvQxoUyeB6nk5B1xn4SOZSOeGyC9vS1V-0-6cddabca48d724ad89510a50368f8a5a)
图8a 头低脚高位
(2)半卧位 适用于呼吸困难的患者(图8b)。
(3)中凹卧位 适用于休克患者。将其头及下肢抬高,有利于气道畅通和下肢静脉回流,增加回心血量(图8c)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P8b_4481.jpg?sign=1739592448-cGFRIEK1A1dsnyFtPykja5ixe5KhAkuv-0-a91a61916fc7a7a614bbb8be3bb1a320)
图8b 半卧位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P8c_4482.jpg?sign=1739592448-AJqWqj7LsXWgHpyw73mWbJMqCvXM10bc-0-9e50515b57a6e498d1433bacecad838e)
图8c 中凹卧位