第四节 对已有文献的评述
从已有文献来看，国外学者对居民亲环境行为、支付意愿的研究开始时间早，目前已形成规范的理论基础和分析框架，并且在实证方法上更加创新。具体来看，国外学者对亲环境行为、居民环境行为、农村居民生活垃圾处理行为开始于20世纪70年代，并且一直延续至今。在理论研究方面，形成了一些研究居民环境行为的经典理论，如计划行为理论、价值信念理论等，并且随着研究深入，理论开始更加深化，一方面针对某一单一因素的研究不断深入，另一方面，将环境经济学、社会心理学等交叉进行研究，多视角全方位展现居民环境行为、支付意愿的成因和特征，在理论方面实现了创新。在实证方面，国外学者使用多种分析方法，从简单的描述性统计、回归分析到潜在类别模型等新的实证研究方法不断涌现。
国内学者的研究在吸收国外最新研究成果的基础上，结合我国经济发展转型期的固有特点，在理论研究、实证分析方面对居民亲环境行为、居民支付意愿研究进行了探索。尽管国内相关研究开始时间较晚，且文献的研究数量较少，但依然取得了很多成果。理论研究方面，结合中国农村居民居住及生活的特点，已有学者从居住方式、基础设施便利性等角度对我国农村居民的垃圾处理行为特点及成因进行了探索，这是国外研究中较为少见的。在实证方面，由于缺乏农村生活垃圾的宏观数据，已有研究多以样本调查的微观数据为基础，研究了我国农村居民在生活垃圾处理行为方面的特征、影响因素及支付意愿等，但受限于样本量，部分研究结果的代表性并不是很强。
尽管取得了很多成果，国内研究在农户生活垃圾处理的行为选择、支付意愿方面的研究特征仍然表现为起步晚、研究范围窄、研究深度不够。21世纪以来，尽管涌现出很多关于农户环境行为、支付意愿的研究文献，但多数仍然是一般性研究，存在很多问题。在理论方面缺少对农户参与生活性环境行为的动机、行为机理、模式等内在问题的探讨，也缺乏对支付意愿的深度探讨，如支付意愿的需求分析、成本—效益分析等。在实证方面，尤其是定量分析和案例分析的深度和广度还不够，如农户亲环境行为的社会绩效等评价机制。当然这一方面受限于环保统计数据，另一方面是我国落后的农村环境管理体制所致。
进一步深入研究的方向，在理论上，应该结合农村传统文化、中国城乡二元结构及经济转型期等宏观背景，研究农户参与亲环境行为动机、特征和模式以及与城市居民环境行为的差别。在实证方面，一方面可以持续完善相关统计数据；另一方面可以进行时间序列的比较分析，采用统计学、计量经济学的实证分析方面进行描述性统计、相关性分析及多种计量方法的应用。在研究方法上，应该结合我国农村经济、社会发展的实际，将社会心理学、行为经济学、生态学、地理科学等多学科融入农户亲环境行为和支付意愿的研究中，采用更为广阔的视角分析农户的环保行为。
本书采用2012年中国科学院在吉林、河北、陕西、江苏和四川等5省进行的“农村环境建设公共投资的供给机制与投资效率研究”项目调研中101个村2028户农户的微观数据，借鉴国外成熟的理论研究和实证研究的成果，对国内相关研究的不足进行深入思考，以农户环保行为特征为出发点，构建农户生活垃圾处理的行为选择和支付意愿的整体模型，并解释农户行为选择和支付意愿的内在作用机理和外在环境的影响，试图全面呈现目前农户生活垃圾处理的行为选择和支付意愿的特征与成因。并在此基础上提出农村生活垃圾管理改善的政策建议。
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