摘要
摘要：湘西地处湖南西部山区，曾经苦苦探索扶贫脱贫之路，并付出了艰辛努力。习近平总书记2013年11月3日视察湘西时做出“实事求是、因地制宜、分类指导、精准扶贫”的重要指示，首次提出“精准扶贫”理念，不但为湘西扶贫发展带来了前所未有的历史性机遇，而且为中国的扶贫脱贫注入了强劲动力、指明了前进方向。
在“精准扶贫”理念的指导下，湘西州全面推进“十项工程”，为湘西扶贫提供了不竭动力。包括：发展生产脱贫工程、乡村旅游脱贫工程、转移就业脱贫工程、易地搬迁脱贫工程、生态补偿脱贫工程、教育发展脱贫工程、医疗救助帮扶工程、社会保障兜底工程、基础设施配套工程和公共服务保障工程。
截至2020年3月，湘西8个县市全部实现脱贫摘帽，区域性整体贫困问题基本得到解决，湘西的扶贫攻坚取得历史性成就。湘西州扶贫经验包括：牢记习总书记殷切嘱托，提高政治站位；强化党委领导，压实四级责任；坚持分类指导，实施“十项工程”；突出精准发力，促进“五个结合”[1]；注重脱贫质量，做到“四防两严”[2]。
“脱贫摘帽不是终点，而是新生活、新奋斗的起点。”未来，湘西将继续落实高质量发展要求，以巩固提升脱贫攻坚成果为总抓手，以贫困村为主战场，以解决相对贫困问题为主攻方向，着眼建立解决相对贫困的长效机制，全面提升湘西州贫困农村的发展能力，适时启动乡村振兴战略的实施。
本报告主要采用实地考察、人物访谈、文献研读，以及查阅媒体报道等方式收集相关信息和材料，并在此基础上进行归纳、分析和判断，以作为本报告撰写的素材和依据。本报告共六章，介绍了精准扶贫理念的提出、湘西的基本情况及特点，回顾了湘西扶贫历程，对湘西精准扶贫的举措、典型案例、取得的成就等进行了充分的展示，同时也描述了未来湘西脱贫攻坚的努力方向。
关键词：精准扶贫；十八洞村；十项工程；五个结合；四防两严；未来发展
Abstract: Xiangxi is located in the mountainous area of western Hunan. Throughout recent history, many people have made great efforts to alleviate poverty in the region. During his inspection of Xiangxi on November 3,2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping made an instruction that we should“seek truth from data, adapt to local conditions, and implement Targeted Poverty Alleviation”. This concept of Targeted Poverty Alleviation was proposed for the first time in history, presenting unprecedented historical opportunities for the development of Xiangxi,and it also pointed out the way forward for poverty alleviation throughout China.
Under the guidance of the concept of Targeted Poverty Alleviation, Xiangxi Prefecture comprehensively promoted the Ten Projects, which were a highly effective source of poverty alleviation. These projects include the development of production, rural tourism, employment migration, relocation, ecological compensation, the development of education, healthcare assistance, social security, infrastructure facilities construction and public services.
By March 2020, all eight counties and cities in Xiangxi have achieved the goal of poverty alleviation,and the overall regional poverty problem has been basically resolved. The poverty alleviation efforts have achieved historic success. Poverty alleviation experiences in Xiangxi Prefecture include: strengthening the party committee's leadership and fulfilling the four-level responsibilities; adhering to guidance and implementing Ten Projects; making precise efforts; promoting the Five Combinations[3]; focusing on the quality of poverty alle viation; and achieving the Four Preventions and Two Requirements[4].
“Removing poverty is not the end point,but the starting point of a new life and a new struggle.”In the future, Xiangxi will continue to implement the development requirements, with an overall focus on consolidating and improving the positive results of poverty alleviation. Poor villages will be the battlefield on which to solve poverty problems and begin to fix problems related to relative poverty, focusing on establishing a long-term mechanism to solve these problems, comprehensively improving the development capacity of poor rural areas in Xiangxi Prefecture, and launching the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in due course.
The investigators and authors of the Report collected information through trips to the field,interviews,literature review,and an examination of press reports. After analyzing these sources, they selected the materials and references for the final Report.
The Report is composed of six chapters,introducing the proposal of the concept of Targeted Poverty Alleviation, providing an overview of the region and reviewing the history and performance of its various poverty alleviation methods. The authors also explain the specific measures enacted, some typical cases, the achievements of the program and the direction of future poverty alleviation work.
Key words: Targeted Poverty Alleviation; Shibadong Village;Ten Projects;Five Combinations;Four Preventions and Two Requirements; Future Development.