4.2 水土保持 Water and soil conservation

（1）通用 General

水土流失 soil erosion and water loss

水损失 water loss

水土流失类型 type of soil erosion and water loss

水土流失区 region of soil erosion and water loss

水土流失面积 area of soil erosion and water loss

容许土壤流失量 soil loss tolerance

水土保持措施 soil and water conservation measures

水土保持设施 soil and water conservation facilities

水土流失综合治理 comprehensive control of soil erosion and water loss

水土保持生态环境建设 soil and water conservation for ecological environment rehabilitation

小流域 small watershed

小流域综合治理 comprehensive management of small watershed

土壤侵蚀 soil erosion

土壤侵蚀类型 type of soil erosion

土壤侵蚀规律 mechanism of soil erosion

侵蚀营力 erosion force

自然侵蚀 natural erosion

常态侵蚀 normal erosion

人为侵蚀 erosion caused by human activities

水力侵蚀 water erosion

面蚀 surface erosion

沟蚀 gully erosion

淋溶侵蚀 leaching erosion

暴雨侵蚀 storm erosion

波浪侵蚀 wave erosion

溯源侵蚀 headward erosion

风力侵蚀 wind erosion

冻融侵蚀 freeze-thaw erosion

重力侵蚀 gravitational erosion

混合侵蚀 mixed erosion

磨蚀 abrasion

塌坡 slope collapse

沟道密度 gully density

土地沙化 land desertification

草场退化 grassland degradation

荒漠化 desertification

风沙流 sand air current

土壤侵蚀程度 soil erosion degree

土壤侵蚀强度 soil erosion intensity

土壤侵蚀量 amount of soil erosion

土壤流失量 amount of soil loss

土壤侵蚀模数 soil erosion modulus

土壤通气不良 defective soil aeration

流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield

流域输沙量 amount of sediment delivery

冲沙流量 sediment flushing flow

（2）规划设计与试验研究 Planning and testing research

土壤侵蚀分区 soil erosion zoning

水土保持区划 soil and water conservation regionalization

水土保持规划 soil and water conservation planning

土地利用规划 land use planning

土地适宜性评价 land suitability assessment

可治理面积 erosion area suitable to control

水土流失治理面积 area of water and soil conservation

水土流失治理程度 erosion control ratio

防风固沙 windbreak and sand-shifting control

可耕地 arable land

基本农田 capital farmland

坝地 farmland formed in silt storage dam

源头坝 watershed dam

绿化 afforestation

造林密度 density of plantation

造林存活率 survival rate of afforestation

枯枝落叶层 litter layer

郁闭度 crown density

植被覆盖率 vegetation cover ratio

水土保持效益 soil and water conservation benefit

水土保持生态效益 ecological benefit of soil and water conservation

水土保持经济效益 economic benefit of soil and water conservation

水土保持社会效益 social benefit of soil and water conservation

蓄水保土效益 water detention and soil conservation benefit

水土流失观测 observation of soil erosion and water loss

径流小区观测 observation of runoff plot

模拟降雨试验 simulated rainfall experiment

标准径流小区 standard runoff plot

天然坡面径流场 natural runoff plot

土壤侵蚀模型 soil erosion model

小流域产流模型 runoff-yield model of small watershed

降雨侵蚀指数 rainfall erosion index

土壤抗蚀性 soil erosion resistance

土壤侵蚀速率 soil erosion rate

（3）预防监督与管理 Prevention，supervision and management

水土流失预防 prevention of soil erosion and water loss

水土保持监督 soil and water conservation supervision

水土流失重点防治区划分 zoning of critical prevention and control areas of soil erosion and water loss

重点预防保护区 important protection zone

重点监督区 important supervision zone

重点治理区 important rehabilitation zone

水土保持方案 soil and water conservation program

禁止开垦坡度 critical cultivation slope

退耕还林还草 grain-for-green project

水土流失监测 monitoring of soil and water conservation

山洪易发区 susceptible area of mountain torrent

泥石流易发区 susceptible area of debris flow

滑坡易发区 hazardous area of landslide

滑坡泥石流监测预警 monitoring and forecasting of landslide and debris flow

（4）综合治理 Comprehensive control

工程措施 structural measure，engineering measure

坡面治理工程 slope treatment for erosion control

梯田 terrace

水平梯田 bench terrace

坡式梯田 sloping terrace

隔坡梯田 interval terrace

反坡梯田 back-slope terrace

坡面截流沟 water intercepting and drainage ditch on the slope

水平沟 level ditch

水平阶 horizontal stage

鱼鳞坑 fish-scale pit

造林整地 land preparation for afforestation

固坡工程 slope stabilization project

护坡工程 slope protection works

坡面水系工程 slope water works

坡面集雨工程 rainfall harvesting works on the slope

沟道治理工程 gully erosion control works

沟边埂 ridge along gully

沟头防护工程 protective works of gully head

淤地坝 check dam for farmland forming

拦沙坝 sediment trapping dam

水坠坝 sluicing-siltation earth dam

河道治理 river training（improvement）

治沟骨干工程 key project for gully erosion control

沟道蓄水工程 water storage works in gully

蓄水池 water storage pool

沉淀池 sedimentation basin

拦渣工程 tailing hold structure

泥石流防治工程 debris flow control works

植物措施 vegetation measure

水土保持林 forest for soil and water conservation

水源涵养林 forest for water resources conservation

农田防护林 shelter-belt on farmland

农田林网 forest net in farmland

河岸林地 riparian woodland

等高植物篱 contour living hedgerow

挂网喷草 spraying grass seeds with net

封禁治理 closing hillside for erosion control

水土保持耕作措施 agricultural measure for soil and water conservation

等高耕作 contour tillage

沟垄耕作 furrow-ridge tillage

覆盖种植 covering cultivation

带状间作 strip intercropping

草田轮作 grass and crop rotation

少数民族 ethnic minorities