第2章 序言2

Along with the worldwide exchanges and integration of basketball increasingly,it helps to narrow the gap among different countries.In 1992，USA Men's basketball team“dream team 1”took part in the Barcelona Olympic game,they beat the strong competitor Cuba basketball team with a dramatic score 136：57，made the maximum score gap 79 points record around the international basketball game history.In this game，“dream team 1”won the opponent 32 points at least and 43.75 points on average in each game.In Indiana World Championship 2002，“Dream Team 5”which is consisted NBA stars for the first time got the backfire,had six wins and three defeats and placed 6th.Just through ten years,the world levels of basketball had already caught up with NBA.On September 4th of the 2002，“Dream Team 5”took a drubbing with the score 87：80 by Argentina,which broke the record of 58 wins in a row in international games of NBA basketball players.

Then in Athens Olympic Game 2004，“Dream Team 6”，led by the famous NBA coach Larry Brown,finally got the Bronze medal with eight wins and 3 defeats.And again,the trophy was won by Spain in 2006 World Championship,when“Dream Team 7”marked normal.Hence Considering the recent worldwide basketball games,we could see the gap of competitors'strength is gradually narrowing.Only teams that could perform better in crucial time of the games could win the game.

In essence,competitive forces getting closer will make the game tenser and more exciting.In quite a few games,the tie is broken until the lastmoment,last second or even the last 0.01 second.There are a lots of classic matches in NBA that turn failure to success at the final moment.We also witness a lots of similar amazing occasions in the game of CBA and WCBA,which not only stimulates the development of basketball professional league growth,but also helps Chinese National Basketball Team to gain the experience of dealing with the key goals.

The choice of offensive and defensive tactics and the use of rational technique are decisive factors at the crucial moment of the game,and will decide Chinese Team's performance finally.Chinese basketball team has experienced both success and failure in this respect.From the performanle of Chinese basketball team in important games in recent years,we could see in the crucial morment of important matches,using offensive and defensive tactics effectively would affect the result and Chinese Basketball players'performance directly.

If the victory that Chinese Basketball Team gained versus Serbia and Montenegro Basketball Team in Athens Olympic Game 2004 was a result of hardworking in a spirit of teamwork,the final key shot Wang Shipeng made in World Championship 2006 was luck.However,the last minute mistake in Pusan Asia Game 2002 revealed problems on offence and defense techniques and tactics at crucial time.It is not only about simple strategies and the application of skills,but a true portrayal of two teams；training level.Choice,practice and application of techniques at crucial time is not only the competition between the players but more likely the fierce contest of the coaches'wisdom.

There are several definitions for the crucial time according to the different time delimitation.In“The NBA's Best Clutch Player”the crucial moment is defined as：In the last three minutes before the game ends,if the score gap between two teams is less than 5 point,the period between that time and when the game ends（3 or 8 minutes,may conclude overtime period）is usually defined as the crucial moment.The research in“Last 2 Minutes Tactics in Men's Basketball Matches of High Level”，writtenby Rui Guo in 2003，says that in accordance with the last 2 minutes basketball rule,the tactics used in the last 2 minutes is the crucial time that determines the game.Hartwig wrote the article“The Last Minute Play When Game in Crucial Moment”in 1979，pointed out that half of the modern basketball game's outcome is determined at the last minute of the game,and a new full court press defenses play emerged in that period of time,so the key point of a basketball game is the play at the last minute.The ideas mentioned above are all very reasonable but they all have problem of lacking in the theoretical and practical-test basis.The concept of crucial time is not as clear as what we expected,but it is clear that all games has an ending time.This research bases on the analysis and studies of experts,considered the ending time as the starting time,in the approach of deduction with incremental way,the core element for a crucial time situation is start from the last 24 seconds of a game with the score gap less than 3 points（including 3 points）.

The offence tactics play at crucial time is defined as the way and the principle that makes a team with the possession of the ball,under the guidance of certain tactics,play the game organizationally and strategically with good cooperation.The defense tactics play at crucial time is defined as the way and the principle that makes a defending team,under the guidance of certain tactics,play the game organizationally and strategically with good cooperation.

Analyzing and researching the crucial moments in Olympic Games,World Championships,NBA,Euro Championships,CBA,and the strategy and methods for the techniques and tactics of offence and defense of teams,this paper finds out the general regulations and features,sums up the experience and enhances the theory,which will guide the design and practice for the offence and defense tactics of the Chinese Men's and Women's basketball teams at crucial moments.

1.In the situation of disagreements among experts,to define the crucial moment in relative basketball games,this research tries a new wayto find the basic point of time,which is the end of the match,from the last 0 second backwards to 60 seconds of the match,lays the realistic foundation of theory and practice at crucial moments.

2.through questionnaire,expert consultation and statistical analysis,this paper establishes the time,score and other key factors that affect the crucial moments of basketball match,and figure out other important facts such as timeout,the spot of our-of-bound ball,on and off or the key players and so on.

3.On the basis of the previous study of crucial moments which only focused on the qualitative analysis,this research,however,through analysis of video recorder and statistical test,develops the previous qualitative analysis into the quantitative study.The analysis of techniques and tactics of the team can be accurate in every second,movement and cooperation at the last 0 second to 24 second of the match,which we called the crucial moments.

4.This paper makes a qualitative analysis and introduction about tactics in the situation that the remaining game time is 48 seconds with 4 points of score gap,and also the tactic choice at the last 60 seconds.

5.on the basis of the previous relative theories and experimental researches,this paper divided the last 24 seconds into ten time scales,introduces and analyzes the real tactic examples,demonstrates the training methods and practice of techniques and tactics,which provides feasible training plans for the tactics of Chinese men's and women's professional basketball team at crucial moments,and makes contributions to the development of Chinese basketball training theory.