Word List 1

protest /ˈproʊtest/

【释】n./v. 抗议 (oral complaint)

【例】The announcement raised a storm of protest.

【近】objection

【形】protester

liberal /ˈlɪbərəl/

【释】adj. 自由的，开明的 (wanting or allowing a lot of political and economic freedom and supporting gradual social, political, or religious change)

【形】liberation, liberator

premise /ˈpremɪs/

【释】n. 房屋及土地 (the buildings and land of)

【例】The business moved to premises in Brompton Road.

【释】n. 前提 (a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn)

【例】The program started from the premise that men and women are on equal terms in this society.

【近】assumption

【释】v. 预述 (set forth beforehand, often as an explanation)

【例】He premised these remarks so that his readers might understand.

【近】postulate

virtually /ˈvɜːrtʃuəli/

【释】adv. 实际上 (almost completely)

【例】There is virtually no public transport.

【近】effectively, in effect, all but

【释】adv. [计算机]虚拟地 (by means of virtual reality techniques)

justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/

【释】v. 是…的正当理由 (be reason for)

【例】How can they justify paying such huge salaries?

【形】justifiable, justification

sweep /swiːp/

【释】v. 打扫

【例】sweep the floor

【近】clean, scrub

【释】v. 迅速移动 (move swiftly)

【例】A large black car swept past the open windows.

【近】brush

【释】v. (风、海浪等)卷走 (remove powerfully by pushing)

【例】Many bridges were swept away by the floods.

【近】wipe

【形】sweeping

transition /trænˈzɪʃn/

【释】n./v. 转变 (the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another)

【例】There was a significant decline in the size of the business as the company transitioned to an intellectual property company.

【近】transformation, conversion

keen /kiːn/

【释】adj. 热切的 (sharp or penetrating, in particular)

【例】Both companies were keen on a merger.

【近】eager, enthusiastic, avid, ardent

【释】v. 恸哭 (cry out or make sounds to express sorrow)

【例】He tossed back his head and keened.

tendency /ˈtendənsi/

【释】n. 倾向 (an inclination towards a particular characteristic or type of behavior)

【例】his tendency to take the law into his own hands

【近】propensity, proneness, inclination

dedicate /ˈdedɪkeɪt/

【释】v. 致力于

【例】Bessie has dedicated her life to caring for others.

【近】devote

【释】v. 把…献给 (inscribe or address by way of compliment)

【例】She dedicated her first album to Woody Allen.

【近】devote, give

tackle /ˈtækl/

【释】v. 应对 (accept as a challenge)

【例】The first reason to tackle these problems is to save children’s lives.

【近】handle

【释】n./v. [橄榄球]阻截 (take the ball away from)

【例】Foley tackled the quarterback.

【释】n. 器材 (gear consisting of ropes etc.)

【例】fishing tackle

【近】gear, equipment

boost /buːst/

【释】n./v. 促进，激励 (help or encourage to increase or improve)

【例】a range of measures to boost tourism

allege /əˈledʒ/

【释】v. 断言；宣称 (claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong)

【例】It was alleged that the restaurant discrimi-nated against black customers.

【近】claim, assert, declare, state

jury /ˈdʒʊri/

【释】n. 陪审团；裁判委员会 (a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law)

liability /ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/

【释】n. 累赘，不利条件 (drawback)

【例】The goalkeeper is a real liability to his team!

【近】hindrance

【释】n. 负债 (the amount of money that a person or company owes)

【近】financial obligations

【释】n. 责任 (responsibility)

【例】the liability for tax or paying tax

【近】accountability

veteran /ˈvetərən/

【释】n. 老兵；老手 (someone who has been involved in a particular activity for a long time)

【例】Hilary Clinton is a Washington veteran.

【近】doyen

【反】novice

【释】adj. 经验丰富的 (rendered competent through trial and experience)

【例】a veteran diplomat

tender /ˈtendər/

【释】adj. 温柔的 (showing gentleness and concern or sympathy)

【例】Patients may not receive the tender, loving care once associated with a hospital stay.

【近】gentle, kind

【释】adj. 幼小的 (young and have not had much experience)

【例】He had become attracted to the game at the tender age of seven.

【释】adj. 敏感的 (sensitive and painful when it is touched)

【例】Treat any tender points by massaging.

ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/

【释】adj. 最终的 (being or happening at the end of a process)

【例】The ultimate aim is to expand the network further.

【近】eventual, final, terminal

【释】adj. 极度的 (the most extreme and unplea-sant example of a particular thing)

【例】Being removed from his post during operations is the ultimate humiliation for a ship’s captain.

【释】adj. 极好的 (the best possible example of a particular thing)

【例】Caviar and oysters on ice are generally considered the ultimate luxury foods.

dominant /ˈdɑːmɪnənt/

【释】adj. 占支配地位的 (most important, powerful, or influential)

【例】She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.

【近】supreme, principal

【反】secondary

【释】adj. (基因)显性的 (a dominant gene is one that produces a particular characteristic)

【例】Because it is carried by a dominant gene, an affected individual can expect about half of his or her children to inherit the illness.

【释】n. [音乐]属音，音阶的第五音 (the fifth note of the diatonic scale)

consent /kənˈsent/

【释】n./v. 同意 (give permission for something to happen)

【近】agreement, acceptance, approval, permission

bonus /ˈboʊnəs/

【释】n. 津贴；红利 (an amount of money added to wages on a seasonal basis)

【近】benefit

【反】disadvantage

【释】n. 意外收获

grasp /ɡræsp/

【释】n./v. 抓住；控制 (a firm hold or grip; seize and hold firmly)

【例】The Government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis.

【近】grip, catch, seize

comply /kəmˈplaɪ/

【释】v. 依从，遵守 (act in accordance with a wish or command)

【例】The commander said that the army would comply with the ceasefire.

【近】abide by, observe, obey, adhere to

【形】compliant, compliance

correspondence /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

【释】n. 相似 (similarity)

【例】There is a simple correspondence between the distance of a focused object from the eye and the size of its image on the retina.

【近】correlation

【释】n. 通信 (exchange of letters)

【例】The organization engaged in detailed correspondence with local congressmen.

【近】letters

allocate /ˈæləkeɪt/

【释】v. 分配；指定

【例】We have allocated this room to you.

【近】assign, distribute, apportion, portion out

【形】allocation

rational /ˈræʃnəl/

【释】adj. 理性的 (based on or in accordance with reason or logic)

【例】The arrangement presumes that both lenders and borrowers are rational.

【近】logical, sensible, reasonable

【形】ration

probe /proʊb/

【释】v. 调查，探测

【例】The more they probed into his background, the more inflamed their suspicions would become.

【近】investigate

【释】n. [医学]探针

【释】n. 航天探测器

hedge /hedʒ/

【释】n. 树篱 (a fence or boundary formed by closely growing bushes or shrubs)

【近】fence, barricade, barrier, wall

【释】v. 防备，防范 (reduce or eliminate financial risk)

【例】You can hedge against redundancy or illness with insurance.

【释】v. 回避 (avoid answering a question)

【例】They hedged in answering various questions about the operation.

【用】hedge bets 两面下注

swell /swel/

【释】v. (使)膨胀 (make larger)

【例】By the end of this month the size of the mission is expected to swell to 280 people.

【近】expand, distend, inflate

【释】n. 浪潮 (the regular movement of waves)

【例】the swell of the incoming tide

defect /ˈdiːfekt/

【释】n. 缺陷 (flaw)

【近】deficiency

【形】defective

array /əˈreɪ/

【释】n./v. (形成)阵列；排列 (display or arrange (things) in a particular way)

【例】There is a vast array of literature on the topic.

【近】range, arrangement

【释】n. [数学、统计学、计算机]数组

【释】n./v. 打扮

【例】He was arrayed in gray flannel.

conservation /ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn/

【释】n. 保护 (preservation)

【例】She is deeply interested in wildlife conservation.

【近】maintenance

【形】conserve

intervene /ˌɪntərˈviːn/

【释】v. 干涉 (come between so as to prevent or alter a result or course of events)

【例】The Government is doing nothing to intervene in the crisis.

【近】intercede

【形】intervention

profound /prəˈfaʊnd/

【释】adj. 巨大的 (very great or intense)

【释】adj. 深刻的

【例】a profound idea

【反】superficial

prejudice /ˈpredʒudɪs/

【释】n./v. (使抱)偏见；损害

【例】male prejudices about women

【近】bias, discrimination

ideology /ˌaɪdiˈɑːlədʒi/

【释】n. 意识形态；思想体系

【例】The party has to jettison outdated ideology and give up its stranglehold on power.

【近】doctrine, faith, theory

【形】ideological

obscure /əbˈskjʊr/

【释】v. 遮掩，隐藏 (keep from being seen)

【例】His face was partially obscured by sunglasses.

【近】conceal

【反】reveal, illuminate, clarify

【释】adj. 模糊的；复杂难懂的 (difficult to understand)

【例】The contracts are written in obscure language.

【近】uncertain, unknown, doubtful

【反】clear, obvious, plain, distinct

【形】obscurity

alien /ˈeɪliən/

【释】adj. 完全不同的；外乡的 (belonging to, characteristic of, or constituting another and very different place)

【近】unknown, strange, exotic

【释】n. 外人；外星人

【释】v. 转让，让渡 (transfer to another)

【例】They will alien the property to the heirs.

【形】alienate

articulate /ɑːrˈtɪkjuleɪt/

【释】adj. 发音清晰的 (expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language)

【例】The child was unable to offer an articulate description of what she had witnessed.

【近】effective, persuasive, expressive

【形】articulating

ethical /ˈeθɪkl/

【释】adj. 伦理的

【例】an ethical dilemma

【释】adj. 合乎道德的

【例】Can a profitable business be ethical?

【近】moral

chronic /ˈkrɑːnɪk/

【释】adj. 慢性的 (persisting for a long time or constantly recurring)

【例】chronic back pain

【近】persistent

【反】acute

【释】adj. 积习难改的 (having a habit of long standing)

【例】Anyone who does not believe that smoking is an addiction has never been a chronic smoker.

【近】long-standing

【形】chronicle

stereotype /ˈsteriətaɪp/

【释】n. 模式化观念；模式化的人

【例】the stereotype of the rancher

【近】standard image

【释】v. 对…形成模式化看法

【例】Women in detective novels are often stereotyped as femmes fatales.

【近】typecast

threshold /ˈθreʃhoʊld/

【释】n. 门槛

【例】Men were not allowed to cross the threshold.

【近】entrance, entry, door, gate

【释】n. 界限；临界点 (the level at which sth. starts to happen or have an effect)

【例】He has a low boredom threshold.

【近】verge

【释】n. 开端 (the point before a new situation, period of life, etc. begins)

【例】She felt as though she was just on the threshold of a new life.

【近】entrance, start, beginning

complement /ˈkɑːmplɪment/

【释】v. 补充 (add to; supplement)

【例】The team needs players who complement each other.

【形】complementary

competent /ˈkɑːmpɪtənt/

【释】adj. 有能力的 (having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully)

【例】Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work.

【近】capable, able, proficient, adept

【形】competence, complacency

complication /ˌkɑːmplɪˈkeɪʃn/

【释】n. 难题 (problem)

【例】There is a complication concerning ownership of the site.

【近】difficulty

【释】n. 并发症

【近】complexity

marginal /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnl/

【释】adj. 不重要的，微小的

【例】The role of the opposition party proved marginal.

【近】slight, small, tiny, minute, insignificant

【释】adj. 边缘的；非主流的 (not part of a main or important group or situation)

【例】The analysts applaud the cuts in marginal businesses, but insist the company must make deeper sacrifices.

【释】adj. 贫瘠的 ((of land) that cannot produce enough good crops to make a profit)

monopoly /məˈnɑːpəli/

【释】n. 垄断 (complete control of something)

【例】The government is determined to protect its tobacco monopoly.

【形】monopolize

valve /vælv/

【释】n. 阀，阀门

【近】gate

【释】n. 瓣膜

【近】flap

unintelligible /ˌʌnɪnˈtelɪdʒəbl/

【释】adj. 不可理解的 (impossible to understand)

【例】Dolphin sounds are unintelligible to humans.

epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/

【释】n. 流行病 (a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time)

【近】plague, outbreak

【释】adj. 流行的，传染性的

【例】an epidemic outbreak of influenza

chromosome /ˈkroʊməsoʊm/

【释】n. 染色体 (a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order)

【例】Each cell of our bodies contains 46 chromosomes.

enzyme /ˈenzaɪm/

【释】n. 酶 (a chemical substance founding in living creatures that produces changes in other substances without being changed itself)

variant /ˈveriənt/

【释】n. 变体

【例】There are a number of variants of the same idea.

【近】variation

【释】adj. 不同的

【例】a variant spelling

【近】alternative

pragmatic /præɡˈmætɪk/

【释】adj. 务实的 (dealing with things sensibly in a way based on practical rather than theoretical considerations)

【例】Robin took a pragmatic look at her situation.

【近】practical

composite /kəmˈpɑːzət/

【释】n. 混合物，合成物 (something made by putting together different parts or materials)

【例】Spain is a composite of multifarious traditions and people.

【释】adj. 复合的，合成的 (consisting of separate interconnected parts)

【近】compound

mentor /ˈmentɔːr/

【释】n. 导师 (an experienced and trusted adviser)

【近】counselor, trainer, teacher

【释】v. 指导 (advise or train)

【近】guide

peripheral /pəˈrɪfərəl/

【释】adj. 外围的 (situated on the edge)

【例】the peripheral provinces of the country

【近】outlying

【释】adj. 次要的 (marginal)

【例】This question seems peripheral to me.

【近】secondary

gauge /ɡeɪdʒ/

【释】v. 测量 (measure exactly)

【例】Home sales provide a useful way of gauging the overall state of the economy.

【近】meter, measure

optimal /ˈɑːptɪməl/

【释】adj. 最佳的 (best or most favorable)

【例】physical activity three times a week for optimal health

【形】optimum

singular /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

【释】adj. 非凡的

【近】remarkable, extraordinary, exceptional, outstanding, signal, notable, rare, unique

【释】n./adj. 单数(的)

simulate /ˈsɪmjuleɪt/

【释】v. 假装，模拟，模仿 (imitate the appearance or character of)

【例】red ocher intended to simulate blood

【近】pretend, fake, imitate

affirm /əˈfɜːrm/

【释】v. 确认；断言 (state as a fact)

【例】Everything I had accomplished seemed to affirm that opinion.

【近】declare, state, assert, proclaim

【形】affirmation, affirmative

susceptible /səˈseptəbl/

【释】adj. 善感的，易受影响的 (easily influenced or affected)

【例】Police officers here are very susceptible to corruption.

【近】sensitive, responsive

【反】immune, resistant

【释】adj. 容许(某种行为)的 (permitting an action to be performed; capable of undergoing something)

【例】a disease susceptible to treatment

【近】open to, receptive to

【反】skeptical

【形】susceptibility

paradox /ˈpærədɑːks/

【释】n. 悖论

【释】n. 矛盾的人或事 (a person or situation that is strange because they have features or qualities that do not normally exist together)

【例】We get this apparent paradox of people migrating to an area that has very high unemployment.

【近】contradiction, puzzle, mystery

contour /ˈkɑːntʊr/

【释】n. 轮廓 (general shape or outline of an object)

【例】He has the contour of a huge body builder.

【近】silhouette, profile

substitution /ˌsʌbstɪˈtuːʃn/

【释】n. 代替 (something used as replacement)

【例】If there are no substitution parameters, enter only one quote.

【近】exchange, replacement

converge /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/

【释】v. 使汇聚 (come together: meet)

【例】The two roads converge in the center of town.

【近】intersect

【反】diverge

【形】convergence

discrete /dɪˈskriːt/

【释】adj. 离散的，不连续的 (different from each other)

【例】The report is divided into discrete sections.

【近】separate, distinct, individual

【反】attached, joined

hawk /hɔːk/

【释】n. 鹰

【例】If we hadn’t watched him like a hawk, he would have escaped.

【释】v. 兜售，叫卖

【例】Oil thieves sometimes hawk stolen gasoline on the side of highways.

facet /ˈfæsɪt/

【释】n. 侧面 (one of numerous aspects)

【例】Now let’s look at another facet of the problem.

【近】side, aspect, feature, dimension

precipitate /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/

【释】v. 使沉淀，使落下 (make something fall down)

【例】The truck overturned and precipitated us into the ditch.

【释】v. 使发生，促成

【例】His remark precipitated my decision.

【近】hasten

【释】adj. 仓促的 (done with very great haste)

【例】I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions.

transcribe /trænˈskraɪb/

【释】v. 做笔录 (put (thoughts, speech, or data) into written or printed form)

【例】She is transcribing, from his dictation, the diaries of Simon Forman.

【近】write down

【释】v. 改编(乐曲) (rewrite or arrange a piece of music for an instrument or medium other than that originally intended)

【例】He gave up trying to write for the guitar and decided to transcribe the work for piano.

【形】transcription

confound /kənˈfaʊnd/

【释】v. 使困惑 (cause surprise or confusion in (someone))

【近】amaze, astonish

【释】v. 证明…是错的

【例】This new evidence confounds your theory.

【释】v. 使混淆 (fail to distinguish; mix up)

【例】Don’t confound fiction and fact.

novice /ˈnɑːvɪs/

【释】n. 新手

【例】a five-day course for novices

【近】initiate, apprentice, student

【反】expert, veteran

censor /ˈsensər/

【释】n./v. 审查(员) (examine officially and suppress unacceptable parts of it)

【例】The report was cleared by the American military censors.

【近】inspector

【形】censorship

elastic /ɪˈlæstɪk/

【释】adj./n. 有弹性的(带子)

【例】elastic material

【近】pliant, pliable, supple, plastic

【释】adj. 灵活的 (able to adjust readily to different conditions)

【例】an elastic interpretation of the rules of boxing

【近】flexible, adaptable, variable

【形】elasticity

watershed /ˈwɔːtərʃed/

【释】n. 分水岭；转折点

【例】The meeting has the potential to be a watershed event.

【近】turning point, milestone

【释】n. 儿童不宜的节目

parenthesis /pəˈrenθəsɪs/

【释】n. 圆括号；插入语

【形】parenthetical

descendant /dɪˈsendənt/

【释】n. 后裔，子孙

【例】Many people in this area are descendants of German immigrants.

【近】offspring, family, seed

【反】ancestor

senator /ˈsenətər/

【释】n. 参议员

【形】senatorial

grip /ɡrɪp/

【释】v./n. 抓牢，紧握 (take hold of firmly)

【例】She gripped the rope.

【近】grasp, clutch, clasp

【释】v. 吸引 (get concentrated on)

【例】The nation is gripped by the dramatic story.

【释】n. 支配 (power and control)

【例】The president maintains an iron grip on his country.

【用】lose one’s grip 失去自控力

recession /rɪˈseʃn/

【释】n. 衰退，经济萧条 (a period when the economy of a country is doing badly)

【近】depression, slump

【反】boom

prescribe /prɪˈskraɪb/

【释】v. 规定 (set down as a rule, law, or directions)

【释】v. 医嘱，开药方

【例】The drug should not be taken unless prescribed by a doctor.

【近】make a prescription

【形】prescription

equity /ˈekwəti/

【释】n. 公正 (the quality of being fair and impartial)

【例】equity of treatment

【近】fairness, justness

【释】n. 股本 (value of shares issued)

【近】value

circuit /ˈsɜːrkɪt/

【释】n. 电路

【释】n. 巡回的场所 (a series of places that are visited regularly by a person or group)

scandal /ˈskændl/

【释】n. 丑闻 (an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage)

【例】These mothers often abandoned their children because of fear of scandal.

【近】dishonor

【形】scandalous

rumor /ˈruːmər/

【释】n. 谣言，传闻 (information considered unreliable)

【例】to spread a rumor

【近】gossip

distress /dɪˈstres/

【释】n. 痛苦 (pain)

【近】agony, torment

【形】distressed

premium /ˈpriːmiəm/

【释】n. 溢价；保险费 (a sum of money that you have to pay for something in addition to the normal cost)

【近】payment, bonus

【释】adj. 高端的，优质的 (of a higher than usual quality)

【例】At the premium end of the market, business is booming.

testimony /ˈtestɪmoʊni/

【释】n. 证词

【例】Smith was in court to hear her testimony.

【近】evidence, statement, declaration, allegation

tragedy /ˈtrædʒədi/

【释】n. 灾难；悲剧文学

【近】disaster, catastrophe, misfortune

【形】tragic

coalition /ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃn/

【释】n. 联盟 (an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty)

【例】The several parties formed a coalition.

【近】union, league

merit /ˈmerɪt/

【释】n. 价值 (an advantage or good quality that someone or something has)

【例】I can see very little merit in this approach.

【近】worth, value

【释】n. 优点 (the good qualities of someone or something)

【例】He’s not a great writer, though his work does have some literary merit.

【近】quality, credit, distinction, advantage

【反】inferiority, fault, disadvantage

condemn /kənˈdem/

【释】v. 谴责 (express strong disapproval of)

【例】Political leaders united yesterday to condemn the latest wave of violence.

【近】criticize, denounce, blame, rebuke

【反】praise, acclaim

【释】v. 判处 (declare or judge unfit)

【例】He was condemned to life imprisonment.

【释】v. 使陷入 (compel or force into a particular state or activity)

【例】Mark was condemned to do most of the work.

【形】condemnation

elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/

【释】adj. 优美的 (pleasingly graceful and stylish in appearance or manner)

【例】an elegant, comfortable house

【近】graceful, sophisticated

cruise /kruːz/

【释】n./v. 巡航，巡游 (an ocean trip taken for pleasure)

【近】trip, voyage

【释】n./v. 缓慢行进 (travel at a moderate speed)

【例】A black and white police car cruised past.

【释】v. 轻取 (win easily)

【例】Graf looked in awesome form as she cruised to an easy victory.

suspicion /səˈspɪʃn/

【释】n. 怀疑；预感 (a feeling or thought that something is possible)

【例】I have a sneaking suspicion that they are going to succeed.

【释】n. 少许 (a very small amount of)

【例】large blooms of white with a suspicion of pale pink

【形】suspicious

cater /ˈkeɪtər/

【释】v. 为…提供饮食 (provide food and drink)

【例】They cater for wedding receptions.

【释】v. (cater to) 迎合

【例】a resort catering to older travelers

intrigue /ɪnˈtriːɡ/

【释】v. 激起兴趣 (arouse the curiosity or interest of)

【例】Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.

【近】fascinate, arouse

【释】v. 密谋 (make and carry out secret plans)

【例】She was intriguing with her sister against her mother.

【近】scheme, plot

【释】n. 阴谋 (a secret plan to harm or cheat someone)

【例】a tale of political intrigue

【形】intrigued, intriguing