Word List 2

confess /kənˈfes/

【释】v. 供认，坦白 (admit that you have done something wrong or illegal)

【例】You just go to the church and confess your sins.

【近】admit, acknowledge, reveal, disclose, declare, own up

【形】confession

warrant /ˈwɔːrənt/

【释】v. 证明…正当；为…作担保 (justify or necessitate (a certain course of action))

【例】The company must warrant that the goods meet high standards of construction.

【近】justify

【释】n. 授权令；许可证

【例】We have a warrant to search the house for drugs.

【近】order, license, permit, mandate

legacy /ˈleɡəsi/

【释】n. 遗产 (money or property which someone leaves to you when they die)

【例】a legacy from a great master

【近】inheritance, heritage

【释】n. 遗留问题 (a legacy of an event or period of history is something which is a direct result of it and which continues to exist after it is over)

tenant /ˈtenənt/

【释】n. 租户，承租人 (someone who rents a flat, house, office, piece of land, etc.)

【例】There are six commercial tenants in the building.

【近】occupant, resident

【反】owner

【释】v. 租赁

caution /ˈkɔːʃn/

【释】n. 小心，谨慎 (care taken to avoid danger or mistakes)

【例】Anyone receiving a suspect package should exercise extreme caution.

【近】care, heed

【释】v./n. 警告 (say something as a warning)

【例】“Be careful now,” I cautioned.

【近】heed

【形】cautionary

vendor /ˈvendər/

【释】n. 小贩；卖主

【例】Most of the vendors on Main Street are participating in Saturday’s sidewalk sales.

【近】retailer, seller, shopkeeper

【形】vend

thrust /θrʌst/

【释】n. 推力，动力 (a quick hard push)

【例】one last thrust of the knife

【近】shove, push, force

【释】v. 猛推 (put something somewhere with a quick hard push)

【例】He thrust a microphone under her nose.

【近】plunge, propel

clash /klæʃ/

【释】v. 发生冲突

【例】A group of 400 demonstrators clashed with police.

【近】fight, battle

breach /briːtʃ/

【释】n./v. 违反；破裂 (an act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct)

【例】Their actions threatened a serious breach in relations between the two countries.

【近】break

【释】n./v. 突破，打破 (manage to get through and attack an area that is heavily guarded and protected)

【例】The bomber had breached security by hurling his dynamite from a roof overlooking the building.

mandate /ˈmændeɪt/

【释】n./v. 授权 (give (someone) authority to act in a certain way)

【例】A mandate from the UN would be needed before any plans could be implemented.

【近】authority

【释】n. 在任期 (the fixed length of time that a country’s leader or government remains in office)

【例】He intended to leave politics once his mandate ends.

【释】v. 强制执行 (make it mandatory)

【例】constitutionally mandated civil rights

landlord /ˈlændlɔːrd/

【释】n. 房东；店主；老板

【近】owner

【反】tenant

【形】landlady

superb /suːˈpɜːrb/

【释】adj. 极好的；华丽的，豪华的 (excellent)

【例】a superb performance

a superb Egyptian statue of Osiris

【近】excellent, marvelous

【反】poor, inferior

opt /ɑːpt/

【释】v. 选择

【例】Under the agreement the Vietnamese can opt out at any time.

【近】choose, select, pick out

insult /ɪnˈsʌlt/

【释】n./v. 辱骂 (an offensive remark)

【例】He stormed off the pitch, hurling insults at the umpire.

【近】abuse

【反】compliment

casualty /ˈkæʒuəlti/

【释】n. 伤亡人员，死伤者

【例】Troops fired on the demonstrators causing many casualties.

【近】victim, fatality

affection /əˈfekʃn/

【释】n. 喜爱 (a gentle feeling of fondness or liking)

【近】love

【释】n. 情绪 (a disposition to feel, do, or say)

【形】affectionate

patrol /pəˈtroʊl/

【释】n./v. 巡逻 (go around an area at regular times to check that it is safe)

【例】Prison officers continued to patrol the grounds within the jail.

【近】vigil, guard

prohibit /prəˈhɪbɪt/

【释】v. 禁止；阻止 (forbid by law, rule, or other authority)

【例】Federal law prohibits foreign airlines from owning more than 25% of any U.S. airline.

【近】forbid, ban, bar

【反】permit, legislate

heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/

【释】n. 遗产；继承物 (something that is inherited)

【例】the rich heritage of Russian folk music

【近】inheritance

demographic /ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk/

【释】adj. 人口学的

【例】demographic statistics

haunt /hɔːnt/

【释】v. 经常出没于 (visit often)

【近】appear in, frequent, patronize

【释】v. 鬼魂(出没) (inhabit, visit, or appear to in the form of a ghost)

【例】They say the prison is haunted by the ghosts of the men who died there.

【释】n. 常去的地方；栖息地

【形】haunting

amend /əˈmend/

【释】v./n. 补偿

【例】He wanted to make amends for causing their marriage to fail.

【释】v. 修订，改善

【例】The president agreed to amend the constitution and allow multiparty elections.

【近】revise, modify

【形】amendment

concede /kənˈsiːd/

【释】v. (勉强)承认 (admit that something is true or valid after first denying or resisting it)

【例】Bess finally conceded that Nancy was right.

【近】admit

【反】deny, retort

【释】v. 赋予 (allow to have as a right or privilege)

【例】The government conceded the right to establish independent trade unions.

【近】endow

【形】concession

grief /ɡriːf/

【释】n. 悲伤；伤心事 (deep sorrow, especially caused by someone’s death)

【例】the family’s grief at the loss of their child

【近】sorrow, sadness, pain

【反】joy

【形】grieve

exile /ˈeksaɪl/

【释】n./v. 流放(者)；排除 (the state of being barred from one’s native country)

【例】One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.

【近】expel

archive /ˈɑːrkaɪv/

【释】n. 档案文件；档案馆 (a depository containing historical records and documents)

【例】the archives of the Imperial War Museum

【近】file, document

despair /dɪˈsper/

【释】n./v. 绝望 (the feeling of having lost all hope)

【例】To my utter despair, the car would not start.

【近】distress, depression, melancholy

【反】hope, joy

deploy /dɪˈplɔɪ/

【释】v. 部署

【例】Forces were deployed at strategic locations.

【近】position, install

【释】v. 有效利用 (bring into effective action)

【例】They are not always able to deploy this skill.

【近】utilize

contemplate /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt/

【释】v. 凝视；沉思 (look thoughtfully for a long time at)

【例】I haven’t got enough time to sit around contemplating the meaning of life.

【近】examine, inspect, observe

【形】contemplative

flourish /ˈflɜːrɪʃ/

【释】n./v. 茂盛 (grow well)

【例】Plants and animals flourished here thousands of years ago.

【近】thrive

【反】wither

【释】n./v. 繁荣，兴旺 (develop quickly and be successful)

【例】Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate.

【近】prosper

【反】decline

【释】v. 挥舞

【例】Dressed as a pirate, he entered the stage flourishing his sword.

hazard /ˈhæzərd/

【释】n./v. (使陷入)危险 (put into a situation which might be dangerous)

【例】He could not believe that, had the Englishman known how much he was at risk, he would have hazarded his grandson.

【近】danger, risk, peril, threat

disclosure /dɪsˈkloʊʒər/

【释】n. 揭露，披露 (the action of making new or secret information known)

【例】insufficient disclosure of negative information about the company

【近】declaration, announcement

【形】disclose

roar /rɔːr/

【释】n./v. 咆哮 (utter a full, deep, prolonged cry)

【近】shout, bellow, yell, rumble

bureau /ˈbjʊroʊ/

【释】n. 局，处 (a government department)

【近】agency, service, office, branch

【形】bureaucrat, bureaucracy

anonymous /əˈnɑːnɪməs/

【释】adj. 匿名的 (of unknown name)

【例】An anonymous benefactor stepped in to provide the prize money.

【近】unknown

【反】known

【释】adj. 无特色的 (of few characteristics)

【例】It’s nice to stay in a home rather than in an anonymous holiday villa.

【形】anonymity

jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn/

【释】n. 司法权；管辖权

【例】an area under French jurisdiction

【近】authority, control, territory

doctrine /ˈdɑːktrɪn/

【释】n. 信条；主义 (belief held and taught by a church, political party, or other group)

【例】the doctrine of reincarnation

【近】dogma, belief, principle

【释】n.正式声明 (a statement of official govern-ment policy)

pharmaceutical /ˌfɑːrməˈsuːtɪkl/

【释】adj. 药物的；制药(学)的

startle /ˈstɑːrtl/

【释】v. 惊吓 (surprise somebody suddenly in a way that shocks or frightens them)

【例】The noise of the car startled the birds and the whole flock flew up into the air.

【近】astonish, surprise

【形】startling

warranty /ˈwɔːrənti/

【释】n. 保证；保修期；保修单

【例】a three-year warranty

【近】guarantee

miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/

【释】adj. 痛苦的，悲惨的 (wretchedly unhappy or uncomfortable)

【例】He looked cold and miserable in the rain.

【近】sad, wretched, melancholy

【反】happy, cheerful

【释】adj. 少得可怜的 (too small in quantity)

【例】Our speed over the ground was a miserable 2.2 knots.

【反】luxurious, generous, adequate

vocal /ˈvoʊkl/

【释】adj. 发声的，声音的 (of or relating to the human voice)

【例】vocal technique

【近】spoken

【释】adj. 直言不讳的 (tending to express oneself often or freely)

【近】outspoken, expressive, blunt, frank, candid

splendid /ˈsplendɪd/

【释】adj. 壮丽的；极好的 (very impressive; excellent)

【例】She is a splendid painter.

【近】magnificent, sumptuous, grand, superb

【反】modest, awful

【形】splendor

utter /ˈʌtər/

【释】v. 发出(声音)；说 (say or make a sound)

【例】He never uttered a word of protest.

【释】adj. 完全的；彻底的 (total; absolute)

【例】The meeting was a complete and utter waste of time.

【近】complete, thorough

outrage /ˈaʊtreɪdʒ/

【释】n./v. 激怒；愤慨 (a strong feeling of shock and anger)

【例】The decision provoked outrage from women and human rights groups.

【近】indignation, fury

【释】n. 暴行 (a wantonly cruel act)

【近】atrocity

betray /bɪˈtreɪ/

【释】v. 背叛 (give aid or information to an enemy)

【例】In wartime many people accused of betraying their country were executed.

【近】rebel

【反】be loyal to

【释】v. 泄露 (divulge in a breach of confidence)

【例】The woman’s face betrayed no emotion.

【近】conceal

【反】hide

【形】betrayal

affiliate /əˈfɪlieɪt/

【释】n./v. 使附属；使紧密联系

【例】All youth groups will have to affiliate to the National Youth Agency.

【近】associate with, unite with, combine with

【形】affiliation

batter /ˈbætər/

【释】v. 殴打，连续猛击 (strike repeatedly with hard blows)

【例】The court heard that he had battered his wife to death.

【近】pound

irritate /ˈɪrɪteɪt/

【释】v. 使恼怒；刺激 (make (someone) annoyed, impatient, or angry)

【例】The more intrusive advertisements become, the more they irritate Web users.

【近】annoy, exasperate

【反】soothe

oversee /ˌoʊvərˈsiː/

【释】v. 监督 (watch somebody/something and make sure that a job is done correctly)

【例】United Nations observers oversaw the elections.

【近】supervise

mock /mɑːk/

【释】v. 嘲笑，嘲弄；戏谑地模仿 (laugh at somebody in an unkind way, especially by copying what they say or do)

【例】I mocked his high-pitched voice.

【近】ridicule, scorn, tease, make fun of

【释】adj. 仿制的，假装的，模拟的 (not real but intended to look or seem real)

【例】mock guns and knives

【反】genuine

【形】mockery

crawl /krɔːl/

【释】v. 匍匐 (move forward on using hands and knees)

【例】I began to crawl on my hands and knees towards the door.

【近】creep

illuminate /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

【释】v. 阐明 (help to clarify or explain)

【例】This text illuminates the philosopher’s early thinking.

【释】v. 照亮 (light up)

【形】illuminating, illumination

placement /ˈpleɪsmənt/

【释】n. 放置，布置 (the act of placing something somewhere)

【例】the placement of the chairs

【近】positioning

【释】n. 实习 (period of time in training or work)

【例】to get a placement in a big firm

【近】job, post

persistent /pərˈsɪstənt/

【释】adj. 坚持不懈的 (persevering)

【例】How do you deal with persistent salesmen who won’t take no for an answer?

【近】resolute

【反】intermittent

cult /kʌlt/

【释】n. 教派 (a small religious group, especially one which is considered strange)

【例】The teenager may have been abducted by a religious cult.

【释】n. 狂热

albeit /ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt/

【释】conj. 尽管

【例】He was making progress, albeit rather slowly.

disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

【释】v. 掩盖

【例】He didn’t disguise his bitterness about what had happened.

【近】conceal, hide, cover up

【反】expose

【释】v./n. 伪装 (modify the manner or appearance of (a person, for example) in order to prevent recognition)

【例】She arrived at his home disguised as a man.

【近】camouflage

stagger /ˈstæɡər/

【释】v./n. 蹒跚 (an unsteady walk or movement)

【例】She staggered and fell.

【近】reel, sway

【释】v. 使震惊 (astonish, shock, or overwhelm)

【例】Rory was staggered by his answer.

【近】amaze, astound, astonish

【释】v. 使交错；使…错开 (place on or as if on alternating sides of a center line)

【例】staggered working hours

【形】staggering

faction /ˈfækʃn/

【释】n. 派系 (a small, organized, dissenting group within a larger one)

【例】A peace agreement will be signed by the leaders of the country’s warring factions.

【近】party

spit /spɪt/

【释】v. 喷出；吐出；吐口水 (eject forcibly from one’s mouth)

【例】The woman spat and shouted insults as they passed by.

【释】n. 口水

weep /wiːp/

【释】v./n. 哭泣 (shed tears)

【例】She began to weep tears of joy.

【近】cry, sob

【释】v. 流脓

partisan /ˈpɑːrtəzn/

【释】adj. 有倾向性的

【例】He is clearly too partisan to be a referee.

【反】unbiased

【释】n. 拥护者

divine /dɪˈvaɪn/

【释】adj. 神的，神赐予的 (of, from, or like a god)

【例】He sought divine guidance through meditation.

【近】heavenly, celestial, religious, holy, sacred

【反】mortal

animate /ˈænɪmeɪt/

【释】v. 使有生气，使活泼 (make lively or excited)

【例】The writer’s humor animates the novel.

【近】energize, revive, inspire

【释】adj. 有生命的 (alive or living)

【例】an animate dance routine that will really get the blood pumping

【反】depressed, inanimate

【形】animated

enact /ɪˈnækt/

【释】v. 将…制定成法律 (make (a bill or other proposal) law)

【例】The authorities have failed so far to enact a law allowing unrestricted emigration.

【近】legislate

【释】v. 演绎 (perform by acting)

【例】She often enacted the stories told to her by her father.

【近】activate

dread /dred/

【释】v./n. 恐惧，担心 (feel very worried)

【例】I dread the day she finds out.

【近】fear, be afraid of

【反】confidence

【形】dreadful

assertion /əˈsɜːrʃn/

【释】n. 断言 (statement)

【例】I questioned his assertion.

【释】n. 主张

fluctuate /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/

【释】v. 波动 (change continually and especially up and down)

【例】The temperature fluctuated.

【近】vary, change, differ, shift

【形】fluctuation

compliment /ˈkɑːmplɪmənt/

【释】n./v. 赞扬；致意 (an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation)

【例】It is a compliment to be compared to her.

【近】remark, tribute, praise

【反】insult, criticize

【形】complimentary

temptation /tempˈteɪʃn/

【释】n. 诱惑，引诱 (a thing that makes somebody want to do something that they know is bad or wrong)

【例】Mary resisted the temptation to answer back.

generic /dʒəˈnerɪk/

【释】adj. 普通的；通用的 (common)

【例】Chevre is a generic term for all goat’s milk cheese.

【释】adj. 无注册商标的

【释】adj. [生物]属的 (relating to a genus)

contingent /kənˈtɪndʒənt/

【释】adj. 视情况而定的 (subject to chance)

【例】Businesses need to be aware of their liabilities, both actual and contingent.

【释】n. 一组；分遣队

【例】A contingent of Japanese businessmen attended a conference.

commence /kəˈmens/

【释】v. 开始，着手 (begin; start)

【例】We commence building on March 18th.

【形】commencement

grim /ɡrɪm/

【释】adj. 严肃的；令人沮丧的 (forbidding or uninviting)

【例】the grim reality of unemployment

【近】formidable, harsh

【反】pleasant

graze /ɡreɪz/

【释】v. 放牧 (put cows, sheep, etc. in a field so that they can eat the grass there)

【例】The farmer grazed the cattle.

【近】feed

【释】v. 擦伤 (scrape by rubbing against sth.)

【例】One of the long spikes grazed his shoulder.

dim /dɪm/

【释】v. 使减小 (decrease)

【反】intensify

【释】adj. 昏暗的

【近】feeble

【释】v. 使…黯然失色

subscription /səbˈskrɪpʃn/

【释】n. 订购，订阅

【例】a one-year subscription

【释】n. 认捐，捐款

【例】The school was built by public subscription in 1878.

reconcile /ˈrekənsaɪl/

【释】v. 使和解，调停 (restore friendly relations between)

【例】There seems to be no possibility of reconciling the two versions of what happened.

【近】harmonize

【反】quarrel

【形】reconciliation

arc /ɑːrk/

【释】n. 弧(度)

【例】the huge arc of the sky

【近】curve, arch

【释】v. 做弧形运动

【例】The ball arced across the room.

bruise /bruːz/

【释】n. 青肿；碰伤

【例】He had a bad purple bruise over his eye.

【近】mark, damage

【释】v. 使…出现伤痕

【例】She bruised her leg quite badly when she fell.

【近】injure

benchmark /ˈbentʃmɑːrk/

【释】n. 基准 (a standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed)

【例】The truck industry is a benchmark for the economy.

【近】standard

escort /ˈeskɔːrt/

【释】n./v. 护送；护卫

【例】He was driven away under armed escort.

【近】guard, companion

brutal /ˈbruːtl/

【释】adj. 野蛮的

【例】the brutal suppression of anti-government protests

【近】savage, cruel, vicious

【反】gentle

precedent /ˈpresɪdənt/

【释】n. 前例

【例】The trial could set an important precedent for dealing with large numbers of similar cases.

【近】model, example, pattern

memoir /ˈmemwɑːr/

【释】n. 回忆录

【例】She wrote a memoir of her stay in France.

【近】account, history

contempt /kənˈtempt/

【释】n. 蔑视，轻视

【例】I shall treat that remark with the contempt it deserves.

【近】scorn, disrespect, hatred, disregard

【反】respect

【形】contemptible, contemptuous

mighty /ˈmaɪti/

【释】adj. 强大的 (possessing great and impressive power or strength)

【例】The pen is mightier than the sword.

【近】powerful, violent, vigorous

glorious /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

【释】adj. 宏伟的

【例】She had missed the glorious blooms of the Mediterranean spring.

【近】famous, outstanding

【释】adj. 令人快乐的

【例】We had a glorious time at the seaside.

【反】miserable

【形】glory

heir /er/

【释】n. 继承人

【例】She acknowledged him as her heir.

【近】successor

premature /ˌpriːməˈtʃʊr/

【释】adj. 过早的；早产的 (occurring or done before the usual or proper time; too early)

【例】It’s a little premature to talk about concluding a deal.

【近】early

【反】overdue

【释】adj. 未经深思熟虑的，不成熟的 (occurring, growing, or existing before the customary, correct, or assigned time)

【近】rash, hasty

slaughter /ˈslɔːtər/

【释】n./v. 屠杀

【例】Innocent civilians are being slaughtered.

【近】kill, massacre, murder, butcher

【释】n./v. 彻底击败

【例】Our team was slaughtered in the finals.

【近】defeat

accountable /əˈkaʊntəbl/

【释】adj. 有责任的

【例】Public officials can finally be held accountable for their actions.

【近】responsible, liable, comprehensible

【形】accountability

bob /bɑːb/

【释】v. 上下快速移动

【例】Huge balloons bobbed about in the sky above.

【释】v. 点头

vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/

【释】adj. 邪恶的

【例】He suffered a vicious attack by a gang of white youths.

【近】savage, violent, ruthless

【反】gentle

bypass /ˈbaɪpæs/

【释】v. 越过；绕行 (go around or avoid a place)

【例】A growing number of employers are trying to bypass the unions altogether.

【释】n. 旁路；[公路]支路

【释】n./v. (做)搭桥手术 (a surgical operation performed on or near the heart)

intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

【释】v. 威吓 (frighten or overawe)

【例】He intimidates the children by shouting at them.

【近】terrify, scare, terrorize

【形】intimidating

impair /ɪmˈper/

【释】v. 削弱(尤指感官) (weaken or damage)

【例】The condition does not seem to impair his ability to work.

【近】damage, harm, weaken

【反】improve, enhance

verge /vɜːrdʒ/

【释】n. 边缘，界限 (an edge or border)

【例】The suspect is on the verge of confessing.

【近】edge, fringe, margin

【释】v. 接近 (be very close to an extreme state or condition)

【例】His suggestions verged on madness.

aftermath /ˈæftərmæθ/

【释】n. 后果 (the consequences or aftereffects of a significant unpleasant event)

【例】Food prices soared in the aftermath of the drought.

【近】repercussion, consequence