第一部分 第1-50句
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1. above board—means to be legitimate,legal. 光明正大地;诚实地
注解:a bove. prep. 在……上面;board n. 木板,板子;above board从字面意思理解,在木板上面。中国有一句俗语就是“凡事都可以放在桌面上来讲”,引申出的意思就是光明正大地,诚实地。
例句:She knows it shouldn't be kept a secret. She wants to keep everything above board.
她知道那不应该是一个秘密,她想光明正大地对待一切。
2. across the board—including everyone or everything. 全面的;包括一切的
注解:across prep. 穿过,横穿;cross n. 交叉,十字;board n. 木板,板子。across the board从字面理解是,贯穿整个板面,就是涵盖了板面上的所有,意译一下就是全面的,包括一切的。也可以这样来记,大家在学几何的时候都学过两条相交的直线就可以构成一个平面,在一个板面上划两条相交的直线,当然就可以涵盖、包括面上的所有了。
例句:The company had a successful year. All salaries were increased by 10% across the board.
公司度过了成功的一年,所有人的工资都整体提高了10%。
3. air one's dirty laundry in public—discuss personal problems openly. 公开讨论某人的私人问题
注解:air n. 空气,大气;天空。在这个表达中显然是名词动用,可理解为“把…放在空中”。dirty laundry脏衣服;in public公开地,在公共场合。从字面理解,把某人的脏衣服公然示众。每个人都有点小秘密,就连衣服脏了,也不愿别人说出来,所以,如果你把别人的脏衣服拿出来给别人看,就相当于公开讨论某人的私人问题了。
例句:He is a very private person. If he has a problem in his family,he doesn't want to air his dirty laundry in public.
他是一个特别隐私的人,所以如果他的家庭出现问题,他不想公开讨论那些问题。
4. all along—all the time. 自始至终,一直
注解:all adj. 所有的;along prep. 沿着,顺着。字面理解,所有的事情都顺承下去,就是自始至终,一直的意思咯。
例句:She was accepted into the university,but she knew all along that she'd get in.
她被那所大学录取了,但其实她一直都知道她终会进入的。
5. all ears—eager to listen. 洗耳恭听
注解:all adj. 全部的,所有的;ear n. 耳朵。字面理解,所有的耳朵都竖起来的话,那就是洗耳恭听的意思。
例句:I was excited to hear about her vacation. When she told me about it,I was all ears.
听到她跟我讲她的假期之旅我非常兴奋,当她跟我讲的时候,我全神贯注地听着。
6. all thumbs—clumsy,unable to fix things. 笨手笨脚,笨拙
注解:all adj. 全部的,所有的;thumb n. 大拇指。如果你的五根手指都是大拇指的话,是不是会做起事情来很笨拙呢?
例句:Don't ask me to put that clock back together. I'm all thumbs.
别叫我把钟表组装回去,我手脚不是很灵活的。
7. an arm and a leg—a large amount of money. 一大笔钱;超级贵
注解:字面理解是“一只胳膊和一条腿”。如果买一件东西要花费你一只胳膊和一条腿的话,这个代价是不是超级贵呢?
例句:It cost an arm and a leg to fix the stove.
修这个火炉老贵啦!
8. ants in one's pants=get butterflies in one's stomach—nervous,anxious. 紧张不安
注解:ant n. 蚂蚁;pants n. 裤子,字面理解,裤子里面的蚂蚁。如果某人的裤子里面有很多蚂蚁,那一定会坐立不安,显得很紧张的样子。
例句:He wasn't sure if he would be chosen to win the award. He had ants in his pants.
他不是很确定自己是否会得奖,所以很紧张。
9. apple doesn't fall far from the tree—being similar to a parent or family member. 有其父必有其子
注解:fall vi. 落下;far from adv. 远离,完全不。字面意思:“苹果不会落在离苹果树远的地方”。因为是苹果,所以当然会掉落在苹果树下。这个表达中“苹果树”指的父母亲或是家庭成员,“苹果”指代孩子。父母是什么样子,孩子也就差不多是那个样子,不会差得太远。
例句:He acts just like his father. You know,the apple doesn't fall far from the tree.
他的表现跟他的父亲一模一样,真是有其父必有其子。
10. apple of one's eye—someone special,usually a son or daughter. 掌上明珠
注解:这个表达中的apple指的是瞳孔,是眼睛里最敏感最珍贵的部分。虽然苹果作为身体健康和好运的象征由来已久,但有关apple of one's eye短语的起源却反映出人类过去在解剖学上的无知。在摸清眼球结构之前,人类一直以为眼瞳不是个洞,而是个实心的球体。苹果也许是我们在日常生活中经常能见到的球体,于是,这个“微小的球体”就被称为“眼睛中的苹果”。视觉是我们最重要的感觉,因此不难理解当人们说到“视觉的核心”,即“眼睛中的苹果(apple of the eye)”时,我们就会联想到,那是对我们来说最为宝贵的东西。
例句:Although he loves his son,his daughter is the apple of his eye.
虽然他很爱他的儿子,但是女儿对他来说才是掌上明珠。
11. at fault—responsible for making errors. 有责任,对……负责任
注解:fault n. 错误,缺点。犯了错误当然要负责咯。短语搭配:be at fault for对……负责任
例句:He is at fault for all the errors on the computer.
他要对电脑上出现的所有错误负责任。
12. at odds—in disagreement. 争执(不一致)
注解:odd adj. 奇数的;古怪的;odds n. 概率,胜算,可能性,差别。在……方面有差别就是不一致嘛。短语搭配:be at odds with与……不一致。
例句:He is at odds with his boss.
他跟他的老板意见不一致。
13. at one's beck and call—always ready to do what is ordered. 随时待命,有求必应
注解:beck n. 招手;call n. 呼叫。如果某人向你一招手,一召唤你就屁颠屁颠地过来帮忙,那就是对某人唯命是从,随时待命,有求必应了。
例句:Whenever she calls him,he's always helping her. He is at her beck and call.
无论她什么时候给他打电话,他都会帮她。他对她有求必应。
14. at one's wit's end—anxious,frantic. 智穷才尽,江郎才尽,不知所措
注解:wit n. 智慧,才智,智力;end n. 结束,目标,尽头,末端。某人的智力结束了用中国的一句老话就是江郎才尽了。
例句:I need to speak with him to finish the report by tomorrow but he's not—available. I'm at my wit's end!我想跟他说一下明天要完成报告的事情,但是他没有空,我不知道怎么办才好了。
15. at the end of one's rope—desperate,with nowhere to turn. 没有其他办法
注解:end n. 结束,目标,尽头,末端;rope n. 绳子。你一定看过人们把狗或者牲口系在绳子的一端,另一头系在柱子上,这条狗或牲口就束手无策,没法东游西逛了。At the end of one's rope常用来说处于某无计可施这种境地的人。
例句:I've tried every which way/to figure out this problem but I can't. I'm at the end of my rope!我已经尝试了各种方法去解决这个问题但还是无济于事,我没有其他办法了。
16. back on one's feet—financially or physically be healthy again. 经受打击后重新站起来,重振旗鼓
注解:back adv. 回到原处,向后,恢复原状。这个表达原本表示受伤的患者在恢复之后能够下床行走,后被引申为经受打击后重新站起来,重振旗鼓。
例句:Since sales improved,he is doing better and he's getting back on his feet.
自从销售额增加了之后,他做的越来越好,重新振作了起来。
17. back out of—withdraw,end an obligation or promise. 收回诺言,食言,背信
注解:这个表达中back作为动词表示“后退,撤回”的含义。out具有“从……出来”和“……用尽,用完,用光”的意思。从字面理解,从……撤(退)出来。美语中用这个表达来表示收回诺言,食言,背信。
例句:I made a deal with my friend to help him at work. When I became too busy,I had to back out of it.
我答应我的朋友要在他的工作上面帮助他,但是当我变得很忙的时候,我就不得不食言了。
18. back to the drawing board—rethink an idea,need to start over. 重新开始;失败后另起炉灶;重来一次
注解:drawing board,指的是绘图板。这个说法起源于第二次世界大战时《纽约客》杂志上的一幅漫画。在漫画中,很多军人奔向一架坠毁的飞机,而设计这架飞机的工程师把图纸夹在胳膊底下,默默地走开了。漫画的标题是:“唉,只好重新拿起绘图板了”。意思是,设计师看到他的飞机在战场上坠毁,只好从头再来,再设计一架。于是后人用back to the drawing board,表示在做事的过程中遭遇失败,于是“从头再来”,“重起炉灶”。
例句:When my supervisor told me that our idea would not work,we had to go back to the drawing board to come up with something else.
当我的主管告诉我,我们的思路行不通的时候,我们必须要重新开始想其他办法了。
19. backbone—courage. 勇气
注解:backbone原意为“脊骨,脊柱”,由于脊柱是人体的支柱,对人体功能起到至关重要的作用,所以被人们逐渐引申为“骨气、勇气”。
例句:He has no backbone because he was afraid to reprimand her.
由于害怕,他没有勇气去指责她。
20. backseat driver—passenger who tells you how to drive. 指手划脚的人
注解:字面理解“后座上的司机”。乘客的座位上怎么会有司机呢?原来是坐在汽车后座的人常常喜欢指挥驾驶开车,所以backseat driver,“后座驾驶员”,这个词就被用来形容喜欢指挥别人的人了。
例句:I'll never drive Joe to the airport again. He kept on wanting me to take another road which I knew was wrong. He is such a backseat driver.
我再也不开车送Joe去机场了,他总是让我选择另外一条错误的路线,这个爱指手画脚的人!
21. bail someone out—help. 帮助某人摆脱困境
注解:bail vt. 保释,out具有“从……出来”和“……用尽,用完,用光”的意思。字面理解“把某人保释出来”。如果你犯了错进了警局,某人把你保释出来,那不就是帮助某人摆脱困境,帮了你大忙了吗?
例句:Thanks for picking me up when my car broke down. You really bailed me out of a bad situation.
谢谢你在我车抛锚的时候来接我,在这种糟糕的情况下你真的帮我大忙了。
22. ballpark figure—approximate amount. 粗略估计数
注解:ballpark n. (美)棒球场;adj. 大约的,figure n. 数字,(人的)体形;字面理解“大约的数字”就是“粗略估计数”。这个表达来自ballpark“棒球场”的含义,当问到棒球场的观众数时,多为概数,所以ballpark figure就是大概的数值!
例句:When I asked the contractor(承包商)how much it would be to remodel(改造)the kitchen,he gave me a ballpark figure.
当我问承包商改造厨房需要多少钱的时候,他给了我一个粗略的估计数。
23. bang for the buck—value for the money spent. 物有所值
注解:bang这个词一般解释为猛击,但是也有突然跃起,或快感的意思。Buck就是美元。To get bang for the buck就是尽量设法获得利润或价值。
例句:Newspaper advertising works well for us because we get the best bang for the buck.
报纸广告的效果不错,因为它物超所值。
24. bank on it—be sure of,count on. 寄希望于,依赖于
注解:大家都知道,bank是银行的意思,把钱存进银行里就可以放心了,所以bank on就是依赖、指望和相信的意思。
例句:I'll be there to help you. You can bank on it.
我会帮助你的,你可以相信我。(我说话算话)
25. banker's hours—short work hours. 短暂的工作时间
注解:banker是银行家。三十多年前银行开门营业的时间特别短,从早上十点到下午两、三点就结束了。这样看来银行家的上班时间每天只四、五个小时,可真让不少人眼红,于是人们就开始流行用banker's hours这个说法来指特别安逸舒适的工作了。
例句:He loves his job because on Friday,he gets to work banker's hours.
他喜欢他的工作,因为在周五的时候,他工作的时间非常短。
26. bark up the wrong tree—make a wrong choice or a false assumption. 弄错(或攻错)了目标;用错精力,精力花在不该花的地方;认错了人,找错了地方;错怪了人
注解:bark vt. 狗叫。该习语源于17世纪美国殖民地时期。当时的美洲人烟稀少,开发西部的拓荒者靠打猎为生。狩猎需要猎狗,不过,再聪明的猎狗有时也会被猎物耍弄。比如,浣熊常常昼眠夜出,到了夜里,它悄悄爬到别的树上,让猎狗误认为它还躲在空了的树洞里睡觉。结果,猎狗对着错误的目标狂吠不已。现在这个习语被公众所接受,如果一个人看错了目标,找错了对象,以错误的判断采取行动,都可用bark up the wrong tree。汉译时可译成“找错了人”“找错对象”“错怪了人”“找错了地方”“弄错了目标”“走错庙门”“打错了算盘”“大错特错”,等等。
例句:If he thinks that I'm going to help him paint his house,well he's barking up the wrong tree.
如果他认为我将会帮他粉刷他的房子,那他可找错人了!
27. bat a thousand—have a perfect record. 很有成就,大获全胜
注解:n. 蝙蝠;球棒;球拍;vt. 1:用球棒击球;击球率达…2:眨眼这个表达中的bat显然是动词1的意思。这个表达来自棒球运动,棒球的击球统计是三个小数位,bat a thousand就是1. ,说明某人总是能打到球,击球率是100% ,这当然是个夸张的说法,如果某人击球率是1的话,那他一定很有成就感啦,他的球队也一定会大获全胜啦。
例句:He is so happy that everyone he invited to the party is coming. He's batting a thousand.
他非常高兴所有他邀请的人都来了这个晚会,他很有成就感。
28. bat an eyelash—show emotion. 喜形于色,眨眼睛
注解:也作bat an eye. bat作为动词有“眨眼”的意思。eyelash n. 睫毛。眨了一下眼睫毛就是眨了一下眼的意思。该表达通常用于否定句中,表示不露声色,不喜形于色。中国俗语称“连眼睛都不眨一下”。
例句:He was filled with emotion during his speech,but she didn't bat an eyelash.
他在演讲中饱含深情,但是她连眼睛都没眨一下。
29. bawl out—reprimand. 痛斥,训骂,指责
注解:bawl vi. 大叫;放声痛哭。字面理解“大声叫出来”,如果是对某人大声叫出来的话,那多半就是“痛斥,训骂,指责”啦。
例句:The team was bawled out after they lost the game.
球队在输掉比赛之后备受指责。
30. be beside one's self—be very upset. 极度伤心
注解:beside prep. 在旁边。字面理解“在某人自己的旁边”,我们在伤心难过的时候,才会陪在自己身旁,一个人待一会儿。
例句:I was so mad when I heard that she was plagiarizing my program that I was beside myself.
当听到她在背后剽窃我的课程我非常生气,也非常难过。
31. beat around the bush—avoid giving a clear answer. 说话绕圈子
注解:beat是“拍打”,bush是“灌木丛”,around和about都是“四周”的意思。据说从前英国贵族打猎时,会先派人进树林,用树枝敲打树,好让鸟类或小动物因受惊吓而跑出。后来演变成“拐弯抹角”、“旁敲侧击”或“说话绕圈子”等意。
例句:I didn't want to hurt his feelings and tell him that he wasn't selected for the team. So when he asked me if I had any information,I basically beat around the bush.
我不想伤害他,也不想告诉他其实他没有被队里选上,所以当他问我有关消息的时候,我基本上就是兜圈子,拐弯抹角地回答。
32. beat someone to the punch—do something before someone else can. 先发制人,抢占先机,捷足先登
注解:也作beat some to the draw. beat vt. 打;打败。punch n. 一拳。俗话说“先下手为强”,如果你想“一拳就打败某人”的话,那就要先发制人咯。
例句:She was going to buy the last red dress that the store had,but I beat her to the punch and bought it first.
她要买店里的最后一件红裙子,但是我捷足先登先买了。
33. beat the rap—escape punishment. 摆脱困境;免受指责;逃脱刑事责任(或刑罚、责罚)
注解:beat vt. 打;打败。rap n. 饶舌,说唱乐;指控;刑罚。这个表达可以这样来记,饶舌的说唱歌手的嘴上功夫一定很了不起,当你犯错上了法庭一定需要辩护,如果你的辩护可以打败说唱歌手的话,那你一定可以赢下官司,逃脱刑罚了。另外一种方式是根据词义来记,beat the rap字面理解“打败了指控”,打败了指控,当然就可以逃脱刑罚责任啦。
例句:There was not enough evidence to convict him,so he beat the rap and was set free.
由于没有足够的证据指控他,所以他逃脱了刑责被释放了。
34. behind the 8-ball—in trouble. 处于困境,有麻烦,凶多吉少
注解:behind prep. 在…后面,落后于;behind the 8-ball字面理解“在八号球之后”。这一习语源自叫做凯利的台球(Kelly pool),彩色台球上有1到15的编号游戏。规则是必须按照编号顺序把球击入球袋,但是黑色八号球(eight ball)是例外,它必须最后一个被击入球袋,而且在之前母球不能碰撞它,否则要罚分。如果母球不巧滚到黑色八号球的背后(behind the eight ball),或要被击打的球恰好处在黑色八号球的后面,那么母球就很难打到要被击打的球,就有可能输掉比赛。behind the eight ball后来被人们用于口语,比喻“处于不利地位或困境”。
例句:My department is late on its deadline. We are behind the 8-ball.
我的部门没有按时完成任务,我们有麻烦了
35. bend over backwards—try very hard. 竭尽全力
注解:bend over动词“弯腰,俯身”,backwards adv. 向后;字面理解“向后弯腰”。向后弯腰当然很不容易,一定要很努力才可以像舞蹈演员那样向后下腰。所以“向后弯腰”是一个比喻的说法,比喻竭尽全力,想尽一切办法去做好某件事情。
例句:He'll bend over backwards to help any of his friends.
他会竭尽全力帮助他的朋友们。
36. bide one's time—wait patiently for the right opportunity. 等待(最恰当的)时机
注解:bide vt. 等待,bide one's time字面理解为“等待某人的时间/时机”,实际表示某人耐心地等待属于自己的机会,等待最恰当的时机的意思。
例句:I'm just going to bide my time. I know that eventually a position will open.
我在等待时机,我知道最终会有职位出现空缺的。
37. big shot—an important person. 大亨,大人物
注解:单词shot除了我们熟知的动词“射击,拍摄,投篮,击球”的意思之外,也是名词“镜头”的意思。big shot字面理解为“大镜头”,什么样的人物才会用大镜头来拍摄呢?当然是明星大腕咯。
例句:Since he was given a promotion,he's been acting like a big shot.
自从他升职了之后,他就表现得像个大人物一样。
38. big stink—an angry and loud complaint. 大吵大闹,没完没了地抱怨
注解:常用于固定搭配“make a big stink”。stink n. 臭味;big stink字面理解为“大臭味”。如果你正在享用美餐,突然闻到了一股恶臭,是不是会抱怨一番呢?
例句:She made a big stink when her meal was served cold.
她大声地抱怨她点的菜是凉的。
39. birds and bees—facts about sex and birth. 有关两性的基本常识(尤指对未成年儿童讲)
注解:不论在中国还是在思想较为开放的美国等西方国家,关于性这个话题都不适合在公开场合或小孩子面前讲的。所以人们在讨论或提及这种话题时,就想到用别的词来代替。“小鸟和蜜蜂”在英语中表示对求爱和性的习惯委婉表达方式。一般用于父母跟孩子解释什么是性。蜜蜂携带花粉使花朵受精,可以理解成雄性授精。鸟类产蛋,代表了女性排卵。
例句:The girl's mother told her daughter about the birds and(the)bees during the summer holidays.
女孩的妈妈在暑假的时候给她的女儿讲两性的基本常识。
40. bit off more than one can chew—trying to do more than one can physically and mentally handle. 贪多嚼不烂,不自量力,心有余而力不足
注解:To bite off,咬下。直译为一次咬下的食物太多没法咀嚼。
例句:I told her I would help her in her job,but it seems that's all I've been doing lately. I think I bit off more than I could chew.
我告诉她我会在工作上帮助她,但是现在看来这几天我一直都在忙她的工作,我觉得我有点不自量力了。
41. bite one's tongue—keep oneself from speaking. 保持沉默,忍住不说
注解:直译为咬住自己的舌头,以避免开口说话。
例句:I had to bite my tongue in order not to tell him that he won the raffle.
我要保持缄默以至于不告诉他他中了彩票。
42. bite the dust—die,disappear. 死亡,淘汰,消失
注解:形容人死了向前倒下嘴啃泥的场景。
例句:Our old TV didn't work yesterday. I guess it finally bit the dust.
我们的旧电视昨天坏了,我想它终究还是要被淘汰了。
43. blab—talk too much. 胡扯,八卦
例句:She is always blabbing about her supervisor's personal life to her friends.
她总是跟她的朋友们八卦她主管的私生活。
44. blabbermouth—person who talks too much and tells secrets. 长舌者,多嘴驴
例句:He is such a blabbermouth that there is no way Bob will be surprised for his party.
他是出名的长舌妇,所以Bob是没有办法被聚会惊讶到了.
45. black sheep—a family member with a bad reputation. 有辱门楣的人,败家子
注解:源于18世纪晚期。There is a black sheep in every flock的简写。由于隐性基因的作用繁殖绵羊的时候很难排除黑色的山羊,所以总是会碰到一些黑色绵羊出生。又因为黑色的羊毛不能染色,所以售价更低,属于羊毛户的损失。
例句:John's way of life is so different from all of ours. He is known as the black sheep of the family. John的生活方式跟我们大家都不同,众所周知他是个败家子。
46. blind date—a date arranged for two people who don't know each other. (由别人安排与一个从未谋面者的)男女初次会面,相亲
例句:Many married couples have met on a blind date.
很多已婚夫妇都是从相亲相识的。
47. blow it—lose a chance,make a mistake. 搞砸了
注解:可以理解为堆牌塔或者多米诺的时候不小心呼气吹倒了。
例句:I knew I blew it when I forgot my lines in the play.
当我忘记台词的时候我就知道我搞砸了。
48. blow over—end,pass. 平息;被淡忘;消散;停止
注解:to blow over作为词组一般用来形容自然风,或者人造的吹风机气流甚至喷气机尾焰吹过某位置。这里的比喻用法类似于中文中用风浪比喻事件兴起平息,就是说等风吹过了就没风了。
例句:She knew her coworkers will eventually forget how she messed up the filing system in the office. She couldn't wait for the incident to blow over.
她知道最终她的同事会忘记她搞砸了办公室的归档系统的事,她已经等不及让这一事件平息了。
49. blow the whistle—expose,betray. 告发,揭发
注解:blow v. 吹,whistle n. 口哨,字面意思为吹哨,由于哨声响亮清脆,在以前都是作为通知和报警的用途。想象一下,如果你恰好看到有人在偷窃,贼当然希望在安静的环境下偷东西,在这个时候如果你吹了哨子报警,就相当于揭发了他的行为。
例句:I just found out that he's been stealing from our company for the past year. I don't want it to continue and I've decided to blow the whistle.
我突然发现在过去的一年他一直从公司偷东西,我不能再让事态发展下去所以我决定揭发他。
50. boil down—make shorter,condense. 使变简洁,浓缩,蒸煮
注解:boil v. 煮沸,使……蒸发,down adv. 向下,下去;adj. 向下的。一直蒸煮下去自然就会浓缩出精华咯。
例句:This whole complicated situation just boils down to something simple…it's either a yes or a no.
整个复杂的情形变为了非常简单的是与否的问题。