第三章 西部地区产业发展

摘要

由于中国对外开放的区域性推进，经济落后、自然条件恶劣、地广人稀的西部地区有追赶经济发达地区的动力，特别是西部大开发以来，西部各省（区、市）凭借区位优势，在国家政策的支持下，三大产业产值逐年提高，特色优势产业发展良好，形成了一定的产业集群，产业配套能力也得到了一定程度的增强。但客观存在的产业层次低、政策倾斜缺失、人才短缺、环境污染严重以及传统比较优势正在减弱、产业聚集度低等则制约了产业的进一步发展。研究发现，西部地区开始进入工业化中期阶段，与已进入工业化后期的东部地区相比仍存在较大差距。

本章运用产业经济学、制度经济学等理论，在分析西部产业发展中存在问题及其根源的基础上，揭示了西部产业发展的一般规律和特殊规律，并针对西部地区经济发展特征，研究了如何加强西部产业的聚集带动作用和对东部产业的承接力度，如何引进先进技术调整现有产业结构，提升产业加工层次，延长产业链条，实现西部产业的专业分工，如何继续推进农林牧产业的市场化，实现第一产业的结构升级，如何培养第二产业的自主创新能力，实现西部传统资源城市的转型升级，如何尽可能减少政府对西部产业的直接干预，实现市场机制作用同政府宏观调控相结合等。本章认为，西部产业发展应基于能源产业及配套机械制造业的区位优势，发展原材料开采加工、农产品加工、装备制造、旅游等特色优势产业，大力发展第三产业中的信息服务业、技术密集型产业、金融业等有巨大发展潜力的产业，加快产业转型升级，最终实现西部经济的可持续发展。

Abstract

The regional advancing propelled by China's reform and opening up has become a stimulus to the western region, which has a vast territory and sparse population with backward economy and poor natural conditions, to catch up with the developed areas.Especially since the launching of the Western Development program, the western provinces in the support of national policies have made good use of their location advantages so that the output of the three main industries is increasing year by year.

Special advantage industries maintain a growing tendency.Industrial clusters have been formed and Industrial supporting ability has also been enhanced.However, the further development of industry was greatly restricted by the objective facts that the western area has such problems as low industrial and clustering levels, preferential policy and talents shortage, environmental pollution, and traditional comparative advantage weakening. The study found that the western region is still in the later period of the early stage of industrialization.There is still a large gap between the western region and the eastern region which has entered into the post-industrialization period.

This paper referenced industrial economics and institutional economics theory.Based on the analysis of problems existing in the western industrial development and corresponding sources, this paper reveals general and special laws in western industrial development.Moreover, in light of the characteristics of the economic development in western areas, the problems this paper discusses are as follows:how the western industries can play an aggregative and leading role and to undertake strength of eastern industries, how to introduce advanced technology so as to restructure the current industry structure, how to upgrade processing level and to extend the industrial chain, how to propel specialization in the region, how to continue to promote the marketization of farming, forestry and ani mal husbandry so as to achieve the structural upgrading of the primary industry, how to foster the ability of independent innovation among the secondary industry so as to realize the transformation and upgrading of the western cities that are abundant with traditional resources, and how to mitigate direct government intervention so as to integrate market mechanism with macro-control measures.This paper argues that western industries development should be based on the location advantage of the energy industry and relevant machinery manufacturing, develop raw materials mining and processing, agricultural products processing, equipment manufacturing, tourism and other industries with local advantages, vigorously develop information service sector, technology-intensive industries, financial sector and other tertiary industry with huge potential for development, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industry, and ultimately realize the sustainable development of western economy.