第五节 中国特色词汇
在较系统地学习了上述的翻译技巧后，考生还需要夯实词汇和语法基础，尤其是具有中国特色的词汇，所以本节提供一些常用的中国特色词汇，方便考生记忆。此外，大量的练习是提升翻译质量和速度的必经之路，所以本书后面还附带了最新真题和一些模拟题。希望通过本书的引导，再依靠考生自己的努力，克服翻译这一难关。
政治
以人为本 people oriented; people foremost
舆论导向 direction of public opinion
中流砥柱 mainstay；chief corner stone
加强舆论监督 maintain the correct orientation in public opinion
叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
真善美 the true, the good and the beautiful; truth, good and beauty
振兴中华 make China powerful and strong; revitalize the Chinese nation
三通three direct links （mail, air and shipping services and trade）
智囊团，思想库 the brain trust；think tank
职务犯罪 crime by taking advantage of duty
综合国力 comprehensive national strength
五讲四美the Five Merits and Four Virtues
八荣八耻 the Eight Honours and Eight Shames
中央领导集体 central collective leadership
中国特色的社会主义Socialist with Chinese characteristics
一国两制One Country, Two Systems
祖国和平统一大业 peaceful reunification of the motherland
中国大陆 Mainland China
台湾当局 Taiwan authorities
台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots
公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open
扫黄、打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications
申办奥运会 bid for the Olympic Games
实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
物质精神文明建设the construction of material civilization and spiritual civilization
灾民 victims; disaster-stricken people
海外侨胞，华人华侨 overseas Chinese
香港澳门同胞Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
香港特别行政区 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
广西壮族自治区 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
经济
票贩子 ticket scalper；ticket tout
人才流动 brain flow
人才流失 brain drain
政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management
纸包不住火 Truth will come to light sooner or later.
知识经济 knowledge economy；knowledge-based economy
直销 direct marketing; door-to-door sale
传销 pyramid sale
支柱产业 pillar / cornerstone industry
重合同、守信用honoring contracts and standing by reputation
专利产品，仿冒必究 patented product（s）, counterfeiting not allowed
专卖店 exclusive agency; franchised store
自学成才 become well-educated through self-study
自由职业者 free lance
自作自受 stew in one's own juice
十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
希望工程 Project Hope
京九铁路 Beijing-Kowloon Railway
扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents/ economy housing project
西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
终生职业 job-for-life
外出打工人员 migrant workers
关系网 personal nets
家政服务 household management service
扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
西部大开发 Development of the West Regions
可持续发展 sustainable development
国有企业 state-owned enterprise
中外合资企业joint ventures
外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises
下岗职工 laid-off workers
分流 reposition of redundant personnel
三角债 chain debts
豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects
下海 plunge into the commercial sea
小康之家 well-off family
摇钱树 cash cow
再就业服务中心 re-employment service center
宰（客）swindle money out of customers
宰人 rip off
下岗lay off
脱贫致富 cast （shake, throw）off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity
集资房 houses built on the funds collected by the buyers
假冒伪劣产品 counterfeit and shoddy products
山寨产品 cheap copy
文化
吉兆 auspicious sign
福禄寿三星 the three gods of fortune, prosperity and longevity
叩头 kowtow
武术 wushu（Chinese martial arts）
功夫 kungfu；kung fu
孝顺 show filial obedience
孝子 dutiful son
家长 family head
多子多福The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
养儿防老raise sons to support one in one's old age
二十四节气The 24 Solar Terms
农历Lunar Calendar
印/玺Seal/Stamp
烟花爆竹fireworks and firecracker
门当户对perfect/ exact match
元宵节 the Lantern Festival
重阳节the Double-Ninth Festival
清明节the Tomb Sweeping Day
除夕the Chinese New Year's Eve, the Spring Festival Eve
春节联欢晚会 the Spring Festival Eve Gala
战国Warring States
风水Fengshui；Geomantic Omen
红白喜事 weddings and funerals
儒家文化Confucian culture
塔 pagoda
钟楼 bell tower
鼓楼 drum tower
亭 pavilion
台 terrace
楼 tower；mansion
阁 pavilion；tower
假山 rockery
烽火台 beacon tower
华表 ornamental column
牌坊 memorial archway
筒子楼 tube-shaped apartment
四合院siheyuan, quadrangle
中药 traditional Chinese medicine
针灸acupuncture
偏旁radical
笔画stroke
汉字Chinese character
普通话putonghua, Mandarin
方言dialect
广东话Cantonese
书法calligraphy
对联 couplets
春联Spring Festival couplets
象形文字pictograms；pictographic characters
文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）the four treasures of the study （brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone）
甲骨文 oracle-bone inscription
宣纸 rice paper
八股文 eight-legged essays
春卷spring rolls
火锅hot pot, chafing dish
馄饨 wonton
锅贴 guotie （fried jiaozi）
花卷 steamed twisted rolls
套餐 set meal
盒饭 box lunch
米豆腐 rice tofu
米粉 rice noodles
冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws （or apples, etc.）
八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding
粉丝 glass noodles
豆腐脑 jellied bean curd
小吃摊snack bar/ stand
北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck
学生减负 reduce study load
综合治理 comprehensive treatment
应试教育 exam-oriented education
义务教育 compulsory education
在职博士生 on-job doctorate
中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student
素质教育 quality-oriented education
应试教育 exam-oriented education
早恋 puppy love
高等教育自学考试 Self-taught Examination of Higher Education
黄土高原Loess Plateau
故宫博物院 the Palace Museum
长江中下游地区 the mid-low reaches of Yangtze River
天坛 the Temple of Heaven
敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Caves
珠穆朗玛峰 Mount Qomolangma
孔子 Confucius
孟子Mencius
老子Lao Zi/Lao-Tse
中山装 Chinese tunic suit
艺术
瓷器 porcelain; china
刺绣 embroidery
宫灯 palace lantern
国画 Chinese painting
中国结 Chinese knotting
剪纸 paper-cut
泥人儿 clay figure
水墨画 Chinese brush drawing; ink and wash painting
唐三彩 Tang tri-coloured pottery
陶器 pottery; earthenware
图章 seal
石碑 stone tablets
篆刻 seal cutting
京剧人物脸谱 types of facial makeup in Beijing Opera
生 male characters
末 middle-aged male characters
净 painted face characters
旦 female characters
丑 clown characters
京剧票友 amateur performer of Peking Opera
皮影戏 shadow play
折子戏 opera highlights
小品 skit
哑剧 dumb show
单口相声 monologue comic talk
双口相声 witty dialogue
口技 vocal imitations
说书 monologue story-telling
杂技 acrobatic performance
踩高跷 stilt walk
古装片costume drama
武打片Chinese kungfu film
太极拳Tai Chi
《诗经》The Book of Songs
《史记》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian
《西游记》The Journey to the West
《水浒》 Outlaws of the Marsh
《红楼梦》A Dream of Red Mansions
《三国演义》Three Kingdoms