3.4 考研真题详解
英译汉:
1 That is a worry for the rest of the world, used to enjoying the “China price”, a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy. (北京外国语大学2008研)
【译文】对享受“中国价格”的世界其它地区来说,这是令人担忧之事。“中国价格”似乎能给世界经济带来无穷的通缩压力。
【解析】翻译时由于句子成分的需要,重复使用“中国价格”。
2.Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants; but not always best subjects.(北大2004研)
【译文】实际上,独身者也许可以成为最好的朋友,最好的主人,最好的仆人,但很难成为最好的公民。
【解析】译文忠实于原文,对“best”进行了重复。
3.They are dressy instead of plain, specific instead of general,loud instead of soft. (中国人民大学2007研)
【译文】它们十分讲究,而非平淡无奇,它们十分精确,而非潦草,它们说服性十足,而非柔弱无力。
【解析】英语原文中结构的重复,译成汉语有时可以保持的重复。
4.It is the germination process. Germ of what? Germ of life, germ inexplicable, germ of wonder. (人大2003研)
【译文】是种子发芽的过程。什么种子呢?生命的种子,一种难以形容的种子,奇迹的种子。
【解析】重复译法的考查。
5.It is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. (对外经贸大学2006研)
【译文】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分,我们就应把它们分类,从各类书中汲取其应该给予我们的营养。
【解析】此句中增加了动词give应该接的宾语“营养”,采用了增词的翻译技巧。
6.Nonetheless, much work remains. (北京外国语大学2012研,考试科目:英汉互译(同声传译))
【译文】尽管如此,需要做的工作还很多。
【解析】根据语境增加了“需要”。
7.In fact, the number of Chinese turbine manufacturers has expanded so rapidly that the government, fearing a glut, warned in that applications for new factories might not be approved北京外国语大学2012研)
【译文】实际上,中国涡轮机生产商的数量增长如此之快以至于担心供过于求的政府发出警告说可能不会再批准新工厂的建造申请。
【解析】原文的“applications”指的是“建造新工厂的申请”,译文中增加了“建造”二字,使意思更加明确。
8.At least until genetics, age and our personal habits get in the way. (北京外国语大学2012研)
【译文】至少在不受遗传、年龄或个人生活习惯影响的情况下是这样的。
【解析】此处表示的是一个条件,采用增词法才能使语句更加通顺,增加“在……的情况下”。
9.Yet a report on a big fire at King’s Cross tube station had drawn attention to precisely this problem in 1988. (北航2010研)
【译文】1988年,一份关于地铁国王十字站发生大火的报告就恰恰曾指出过这一问题,然而时至今日却未能引起重视。
【解析】译文根据句意增加了“时至今日”,起到与现在对比的作用。
10.According to experts, almost everything about President Bush’s looks and character are an image-maker’s nightmare. (北京第二外国语学院2008研)
【译文】据专家所说,只要是有关于布什总统外貌和性格,对于形象打造师来说都是一场噩梦。
【解析】此句在翻译时增加了表示让步的连词“只要”。
11.In these times when market forces appear increasingly complicated and more volatile, it is all the more important to understand the professional jargon and terminology in the market place in order to be able to better make our investment and business decisions.(国际关系学院2010研)
【译文】在目前这种时期,市场越来越变幻莫测、动荡不定,要做出明智的商业投资决策,理解市场相关的专业术语变得尤为重要。
【解析】因为中文语言习惯省略连接词“when”。
12.He must be treated with sincerity and reality, with muffins, and not the promise of muffins.(北大2007研)
【译文】别人对他也必须坦诚,实在,要给他松饼就实实在在的摆在他面前,而不能只是说说。
【解析】原句重复出现的词,汉译时可看情况省略。
13.The title of this book might lead some to believe that our intention is, somehow, to teach translators how to translate.
【译文】本书的标题可能让人以为我们要教译者如何翻译。
【解析】此处采用省略的翻译方法,副词“somehow”在此处省略,但是在总体翻译的语气中可以体现出来。
14.In that sense, unemployment is countercyclical, meaning that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa. (北京外国语大学2011研)
【译文】这样来讲,失业是反循环现象,即经济增长缓慢,失业率上升,经济增长迅速,失业率下降。
【解析】原文中的countercyclical是形容词,意为“反周期的”,汉译时被转译为名词。
15.Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times. (北大2004研)
【译文】因为只有这种人,才能够把他的全部爱情与财产,都奉献给唯一的情人——公众。
【解析】将名词“reason”转译为汉语里的连词“因为”。
16.The establishment of communication between people belonging to different speech communities has long been an important form of linguistic performance.(北师大2008研)
【译文】长期以来,在隶属于不同语言群体的人们之间建立交流是语言行为的重要形式。
【解析】将名词“establishment”转译为汉语动词“建立”。
17.It has guided policymaking and inspired new national laws. (北京外国语大学2012研)
【译文】成为决策的指南和成为制定国家新法律的灵感所在
【解析】动词guide和inspire活用为名词“……指南”“……的灵感所在”。
18.As education aims to perfect gentlemanship, to human excellence, liberal education consists in reminding oneself of human excellence, of human greatness. (北京外国语大学2012研)
【译文】作为对完美的贵族气质和对人卓越品质的优异的培育,自由教育在于唤醒一个人自身的优异与卓越。
【解析】Perfect在原句中做动词,意为“使……完美”,在翻译时活用为形容词,意为“完美的”。
19.In their quest to lower costs to stay competitive, companies often wield the ax with little or no regard for the well-being of the people involved. (北京外国语大学2009研)
【译文】为减低成本以保持竞争力,公司经常大举裁员却很少顾及受此影响的人们的安康。
【解析】将形容词“competitive”转译为名词“竞争力”。
20.I have always wished to spend some part of the Sunday quiet with books which, at most times, it is fatally easy to leave aside, one’s very knowledge and love of them serving as an excuse for their neglect in favour of print which has the attraction of newness. (北京科技大学2009研)
【译文】我一直希望能在星期天花一部分时间安静地看书,在大多数时候,书都极易被搁置一旁。正是出于对书的了解和喜爱,一个人才会对具有新奇吸引力的印刷品情有独钟。
【解析】介词转译为动词。“Spend some time with books”即“看书”。
21.Only as the recovery takes hold would businesses add workers. (北京外国语大学2011研)
【译文】只有在企业效益恢复后,它们才会增加雇员。
【解析】此题考查倒装句的翻译。原题以副词Only开头,这是一个表强调的倒装句,翻译时要突出效果。
22.The big surprise was exactly how much glaciers are melting in western Antarctica, a vast land mass on the Pacific Ocean side of the continent that is next to the South Pole and includes the Antarctic Peninsula.(北京外国语大学2011研)
【译文】西南极是一片紧挨南极,包括南极半岛,位于南极洲濒临太平洋方向上的广阔陆地,但当你得知此片地域冰川消融的具体数目时,只会目瞪口呆。
【解析】此题考查倒装句的译法。
23.New research found that melting glaciers will add at least 7 inches to the world's sea level—and that’s if carbon dioxide pollution is quickly capped and then reduced. (北京外国语大学2011研)
【译文】新的研究发现,如果不迅速限制并减少二氧化碳污染物的排放,正在融化中的冰川会使地球海平面上升至少7 英尺。
【解析】译文把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说,运用了汉译英的正反、反正表达法。
24.It is time for us to change our mindset so that we do not lose sight of the basic purpose of education. (国际关系学院2009研)
【译文】这个观念不改,教育的真正内涵便难以淋漓尽致地展现出来。
【解析】此题先把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说,再把英语中的反说译成汉语中的正说,属于多次运用正反、反正表达法,这样符合汉语的表达习惯,起到了强调的作用。
25.And who will dare say it is more false than happiness paid for through an installment plan? (上海交大2005研)
【译文】谁敢说这种幸福不如通过分期付款买来的幸福来的真实呢?
【解析】把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说。
26.For some time now, we’ve been working longer than is good for us(上海交大2006)
【译文】现在,我们工作的时间更长,这对我们并不好。
【解析】把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说,更符合汉语的表达习惯。
27.Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. (上海交大2006研)
【译文】然而,很多问题用经验来检验会比较困难。
【解析】把英语中的反说译成汉语中的正说。
28.He cannot wholly detach himself from the technicalities and personal inconveniences which accompany the battle for intelligence.(北京第二外国语学院2002研)
【译文】他无法完全摆脱伴随着情报战而来的技术性问题和给他个人带来不安的情绪。
【解析】此题使用前置法,汉译时,加个“的”字。
29.Chinese planners now talk of the need to restrict investment in sectors that are overflowing with unsold products. (北京外国语大学2010)
【译文】中国的决策者们现正在讨论限制某些生产过剩部门的投资。
【解析】译文中将定语从句放在了先行词“investment”的前面。
30.Second, to indicate all the factors that have to be taken into account in solving the problem. (北京外国语大学2008研)
【译文】第二,指出解决问题所需考虑的一切因素。
【解析】此题使用前置法,汉译时,加个“的”字。
31.Happily, these books were all of the higher rank in literature, and so there came to be established in my mind an association between the day of rest and names which are the greatest in verse and prose. (北京科技大学2009研)
【译文】让人高兴的是,这些书都是文学中的上乘之作,所以我一想起休息日,就会想起诗歌、散文中的那些伟大人物。
【解析】此题使用前置法,汉译时,加个“的”字。
32.When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of the time look well organized, new trouble was almost certain to follow. (北京外国语大学2008研)
【译文】日本国内混乱不堪加之政府内部无法达成一致,比中国军阀割据的局面更加混乱。新的问题必将产生。
【解析】拆分法。英语里面多长句,应结合语境把握其逻辑结构,再根据意群进行拆分,以便于读者理解文意。后面一个分句“new trouble was almost certain to follow”,意义完整,可单独成句。
33.We have therefore discussed the requirements for long-lasting growth on the basis of our own experience and believe that domestic policy needs to address three tasks: establishing and maintaining monetary and financial stability; enhancing domestic and international competition; and empowering people to participate.(北京外国语大学2009研)
【译文】因此,我们根据自己的经验,讨论了持久增长的要求,认为国内政策需解决三个任务:建立和维护货币和金融的稳定,推动国内和国际竞争,使人民参与其中。
【解析】拆分法。原句有多个谓语,翻译时不可笼统解决,适当拆分能使句子条理更加清晰。这里明显“we”作主语,谓语动词有“discussed”, “believe”,这是一层含义,而believe后所带宾语又包含三项内容,即establishing and maintaining, enhancing, empowering。这样一分析,逻辑结构便十分清晰了。
34.And the ability to attract investors is being limited by the giant burden of private-sector debt. (北京外国语大学2012研)
【译文】而且,私营部门里存在庞大的债务负担也抑制了吸引投资的能力。
【解析】此题考查英语被动句的翻译,在这里是译成汉语主动句,并且把英语原句的主语在汉译时转换为宾语。
35.When a child, I was permitted to handle on Sunday certain books which could not be exposed to the more careless usage of common days: volumes finely illustrated, or the more handsome editions of familiar authors, or works which, merely by their bulk, demanded special care. 北京科技大学2007研)
【译文】孩提时,在星期天,我被允许看一些平日里不可随意翻阅的书:插图精美的书卷,或是一些熟悉的作家的精装书,又或是仅从它的厚度就要求特殊爱护的书。
【解析】英译汉中被动句的翻译。此处译成汉语被动句,借助于汉语已有的被动形式保留其原句的被动语态。
36.Students should be exposed to artistic activities and enjoy the process of learning which will help gradually to encourage positive character development.(国际关系学院2009研)
【译文】学生,本可以愉快地接近艺术,从容地享受学习生活,在潜移默化不知不觉之间人格得到更加完善的培养与发展。
【解析】此处的被动句译成汉语主动句。
37.Foreign policy is often conducted at multiple levels.(外交学院2007研)
【译文】外交政策常通过多个层面进行传达。
【解析】被动句译成汉语主动句,保留了原文的主语。
汉译英:
1.根据WTO的定义,倾销是指一国产品以低于“正常价值”的价格出口到另一国,并对进口国相关工业造成了损害的行为。(对外经贸大学2005研)
【译文】According to the definition issued by WTO, dumping means the exporting country sells goods in a foreign country in large quantities at a price less than normal value and causes damages to relative industries of the importing country.
【解析】句子中“一国”是指出口国,为了清楚表达句意,译文中加上exporting。
2.虽然这个状况不能马上有所改观,但是创新的精神、资金的投入加上政策的倾斜,这个差距终归会缩小。(对外经贸大学2005研)
【译文】Although this situation couldn’t be changed immediately, we could make progress and shorten the gap with the help of innovative spirit, capital investment and policy support.
【解析】句子中缺少主语,根据句意,译文中加上主语“we”。
3.在党中央、国务院坚强领导下,全国各族人民特别是灾区人民万众一心、众志成城。(对外经贸大学2010研)
【译文】Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, people of all ethnic groups in China, especially in the quake zone, worked as one and fought in unison against the earthquake disaster.
【解析】短语fight against sth. 原句缺少宾语,译文根据上下文加上“the earthquake disaster”。
4.这确实是一个典型的美国家庭,说它典型,不是说它拥有的财产(这个家庭显然要比许多其他美国家庭富有),而是说它的价值观。(北京外国语大学2012研)
【译文】I actually think this is a typical American family, but certainly not in the financial sense for its material possessions went way beyond an average household. It is typical because of the underlying social values it represents.
【解析】句子缺少主语,根据句意,增加主语“I”。根据句意需要和英语固定搭配,译文增加状语in the financial sense和it represents。
5.从1936年到1949年,竺可桢当了十三年大学校长。(北京第二外国语学院2008研)
【译文】He had been working at that post for thirteen years until 1949.
【解析】由于时间表示上的重复,译文中省略1936年这个时间点。
6.人生最大的快乐莫过于受人尊重:诉说时有人聆听,求助时得人帮忙。(北京第二外国语学院2008研)
【译文】Being respected, listened to and helped in times of need is the greatest blessing we can enjoy in this world.
【解析】此题使用省略的翻译技巧,由于英语的句式特点,译文中省略宾语“受人”“有人”“得人”。
7.属于国家鼓励和允许发展的产业,且原材料进口和产品出口不涉及配额、许可证管理,外汇收支自行平衡的项目,可根据外商的要求放宽产品内销比例。(对外经贸大学2006研)
【译文】Industries that get the government’s permit and encouragement to develop, and projects whose raw material import and product export don’t touch upon quota, permit supervision and foreign exchange income and outcome balance, can broaden the domestic market sale proportion according to the foreign invest requirement.
【解析】此题使用词类转换的翻译方法,把“鼓励和允许”由动词词性转译为名词permit and encouragement。
8.中国的行业协会应当有应急公关意识,充分利用中外行业商会组织,从中协调和沟通,化解媒体、民意的误解。(对外经贸大学2011研)
【译文】Chinese business associations should have the awareness of dealing with public emergencies, and make the best of Chinese and foreign industrial organizations to achieve coordination and communication, to dissolve the media and public’s misunderstanding.
【解析】通过词类转换的翻译技巧,原句中的动词“协调和沟通”译为名词coordination and communication
9.创新开放模式,促进沿海内陆沿边开放优势互补。(对外经贸大学2013研)
【译文】We should make innovations in the mode of opening up; encourage coastal, inland and border areas to draw on each other's strengths in opening up.
【解析】原句中动词“创新”翻译为名词innovations,短语make innovations,创新。
10.那个人家房子很大,有游艇和私人飞机,非常富有的样子,生活却很简单。(北京外国语大学2012研)
【译文】Despite the trappings of great wealth, their lifestyle was surprisingly straightforward.
【解析】原句中形容词短语“非常富有”翻译为名词短语trappings of great wealth。
11.中美双方还应当利用当前产业结构调整的时机,加强新能源、生物技术等新兴产业的合作,培育新的合作增
长点。(对外经贸大学2012研)
【译文】The two sides should also make use of the opportunities brought by the industrial restructuring to strengthen our cooperation in such new industries as new energy and bio-technology so as to foster new areas of cooperation.
【解析】译文把“新能源、生物技术”放在“新兴产业”的后面,用such as连接。
12.不消一周人们就会对它感到厌烦。(北京外国语大学2012研)
【译文】We should be sick of it in a week.
【解析】时间状语后置。
13.只要流传的便是好文学,只要消灭的便是坏文学;抢得天下的便是王,抢不到天下的便是贼。(北师大2006研)
【译文】What has handed down is good literature and what has disappeared is bad literature. Who has possessed the world is king and who loses the world is thief.
【解析】汉语原句中的主动语态被翻译为英语变为被动语态。
14.美国公务员工资制度的建立, 实质上还是由市场决定的, 各种有关工资的法律制度是根据市场变化产生的。(北京外国语大学2011研)
【译文】Wages system for American civil servants, in fact, depends on market; all sorts of laws about wages are based on the changes in market.
【解析】汉语被动句译为英语主动句。
15.过于强调男女都一样,男性能做到的,女性也能做到,男女之间没什么区别,大家穿同样的衣服,女孩儿也都不化妆,好像没有性别的区分了。(北京外国语大学2010研)
【译文】Gender equality was overemphasized that what a man did could also be done by a woman. There was no big difference between male and female. Everyone wore the same and girls wore no make-up.
【解析】汉语主动句译为英语被动句。
16.于是——洗手的时候,日子从水盆里过去;吃饭的时候,日子从饭碗里过去;默默时,便从凝然的双眼前过去。(对外经贸大学2005研)
【译文】Thus the days flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I have my meal, and passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as reflect in silence.
【解析】此题使用了合并的翻译方法,将重复词语或结构全部抽提出来,总译一次,加在全部有关词语或结构的前面或后面,统管兼顾。这里重复的是“thus the days”。
17.爱逐臭争利,锱铢必较的,请到长街闹市去;爱轻嘴薄舌的,争是论非的,请到茶馆酒楼去;爱锣鼓钲镗,管弦嗷嘈的,请到歌台剧院去;爱宁静淡泊,沉思默想的,深深的小巷在欢迎你。(对外经贸大学2006研)
【译文】Those who strive after fame and gain, and haggle over every penny, please go to the downtown area! Those who are sharp-tongued and quarrelsome, please go to the teahouse or restaurant! Those who love deafening gongs and drums as well as noisy wind and string instruments, please go to the opera house or theatre! Those who are given to profound meditation and a quiet life without worldly desires, welcome to the lane!
【解析】此题使用了全部重复的翻译方法,为了保证原文的强调语气和独特风格,译文也同样重复。在此是重复了“those who…”这一结构。
18.另一方面,中国政府应从全盘上来考虑,开展“中国制造”的品牌营销战略,树立国家品牌形象。同时,中国政府应加强公共关系管理与危机应对措施,尽快消除不良事件对中国出口贸易的影响。(对外经贸大学2011研)
【译文】On the other hand, Chinese government should take an overall consideration by implementing ‘Made in Chine’ brand marketing strategy to establish a good national brand image. Meanwhile, Chinese government needs to strengthen the public relations management and crisis response program to eliminate the ill effects on Chinese export trade as soon as possible in the case of adverse events.
【解析】此题使用了全部重复的翻译方法,为了明确地传达原文意思,避免产生歧义。
19.我们将在确保金融安全稳定的前提下,坚持深化金融改革,扩大金融对外开放。完善金融监管,全面提高金融服务经济发展的能力。(对外经贸大学2012研)
【译文】While ensuring financial security and stability, we will deepen financial reform, open the financial sector wider, improve financial regulation and comprehensively enhance the financial sector's capacity to serve economic growth.
【解析】此题使用了全部重复的翻译方法,为了明确地传达原文意思,避免产生歧义。
20.我们要以平和之心思考问题,多一点理性、少一点感性,多一点睿智、少一点混沌,多一点冷静、少一点浮躁,多一点淡然、少一点痴迷,多一点大度、少一点偏执。(北京外国语大学2008研,考试科目:英汉互译(笔译))
【译文】Therefore, we should think with a calm mind, with more rationality and less impulsivity, more wit and less confusion, more calmness and less fickleness, more indifference and less obsession, and more generosity and less prejudice.
【解析】这里使用的全部重复的译法,为了保证原文的强调语气和独特风格,译文也同样重复。这里重复的是“more…less…”结构。
21.声称天然维生素优于人造维生素,授精蛋比未受精蛋得营养价值更高,未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比不经过处理得好等等诸如此类的报道屡见不鲜,但没有一篇是经过证实的。(南京理工大学2009研)
【译文】There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.
【解析】将最后一个分句稍作变化置于句首,让其他信息均作报道的同位语,整个句子一气呵成,流畅自然。
22.总而言之,孔夫子之在中国,是权势者们捧起来的。(南京农业大学2008年研)
【译文】Anyway, Confucius was highly worshiped in China due to the flattery of the lordliness.
【解析】“due to”自然地衔接了后两个分句,结构紧凑。
23.科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。(南京农业大学2008年研)
【译文】Science means honest, solid knowledge which permits no deceit and asks arduous labor.
【解析】适当调整语序,“and”衔接前后分句,符合英语的表达习惯。