3.3 翻译示例汇总
一、重译法
例1：少用代词，重复使用名词
“Both contracting parties undertake jointly to adopt all necessary measures at their disposal for the purpose of preventing the resumption of aggression and violation of peace on the part of Japan or any other state which would collaborate with Japan directly or indirectly in act of aggression. In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediately render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.”
“缔约国双方保证共同尽力采取一切必要的措施，以期制止日本或其他直接或间接在侵略行为上与日本相勾结的任何国家之重新侵略与破坏和平。一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即尽其全力给予军事及其他援助。”
例2：重复宾语
(1) We have to analyse and solve problems.
我们要分析问题，解决问题。
(2) Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.
我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
(3) Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in its speech.
民族的贵族倾向和民主倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
例3：省略部分重译
(1) I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
我已提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
(2) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
无知是恐惧的根源，也是敬佩的根源。
(3) The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law-in particular of the Geneva Convention.
使用原子武器显然违反国际法，特别违反日内瓦公约。
(4) At that time many people could not read or write.
当时，许多人不会读书，也不会写字。
(5) 他们忘记了少数服从多数，下级服从上级，局部服从全体，全党服从中央的民主集中制。
They forget the democratic centralism which subordinates the minority to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole, and the whole Party to the Central Committee.
(6) 但是我们还是有缺点的，而且还有很大的缺点。
But we still have defects, and very big ones.
例4：被定语从句修饰的名词的重复
We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.
我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。
例5：传达原文生动性
汉译英
(1) 这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。
What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figures.
(2) 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
A large family has its difficulties.
(3) 车辚辚，马萧萧，行人弓箭各在腰。
Chariots rumble and roll; horses whinny and neigh. Footmen at their girdle bows and arrows display.
(4) 帝城春欲暮，喧喧车马度。
In the Royal city spring is almost over;
Tinkle, tinkle—the coaches and horsemen pass.
(5) 白杨何萧萧，松柏夹广路。
The white aspens, how they murmur, murmur;
Pines and cypresses flank the broad paths.
(6) 天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。
The sky is blue, blue;
And the steppe wide, wide;
Over grass that the wind has battered low;
Sheep and oxen roam.
(7) 寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。
Seek, seek; search, search;
Cold, cold; bare, bare;
(Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief.)
Now warm, then like the autumn cold again,
How hard to calm the heart!
(8) 茫茫九派流中国，沉沉一线穿南北。
Wide, wide flow the nine streams through the land,
Dark, dark threads the line from south to north.
(9) 行行重行行，与君生别离。
On and on, always on and on,
Away from you, parted by a life-parting.
(10) 这几件旧衣服和些旧家什，当的当了，卖的卖了。
Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.
(11) 胜也罢，败也罢，我们要打到底。
Victory or defeat, we shall fight to the bitter end.
(12) 我们死也好，活也好，一定要忠于祖国。
Live or die, we shall be loyal to our motherland.
(13) 悲莫悲兮生别离，乐莫乐兮新相知。
Nothing is sadder than to part for ever;
Nothing is happier than to contract a new acquaintance.
(14) 一个个面面相觑，都软倒了。
Each stared speechless at the other, and all fell feebly to the ground.
(15) 桃花谢了春红，太匆匆。
The flowering trees have lost their spring hues, all too soon !
(16) 谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。
Who knows that every grain in the bowl
Is the fruit of so much pain and toil?
(17) 夜夜长留半被，待君梦魂归来。
Night after night I ever keep for him the half of my quilt.
In expectation of his spirit coming back to me in a dream.
(18) 青青河边草，郁郁园中柳。
Green grows the grass upon the bank,
The willow shoots are long and lank.
(19) 梯田渐渐稀，村舍遥遥对。
Ridges of fields grow few and far between,
While far away some cottages are seen.
(20) 舟遥遥以轻扬，风飘飘而吹衣。
Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.
(21) 春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。
In spring we sleep a sleep that knows no dawn,
And everywhere the songs of birds resound.
(22) 一个蚊子哼哼哼，两个苍蝇嗡嗡嗡。
A mosquito hums and hums,
Two flies drone and drone.
英译汉
(1) Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace—but there is no peace.
先生们尽管可以高呼和平, 和平！但是依然没有和平。
(2) If you didn’t succeed at first, try, try, try again.
起初不成功，可以一试再试。
(3) What we want, first and foremost, is to learn, to learn and to learn.
我们首先需要的是学习、学习、再学习。
(4) Scrooge went to bed again, and thought and thought and thought it over and over.
司克罗琪又上床去，左思右想，想个不休。
(5) Nels had it all written out neatly.
纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。
二、增译法
(1) I am looking forward to the holidays.
我在等待假日的到来。
(2) Much of our morality is customary.
我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。
(3) Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.
勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度。即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
(4) Histories make men wise；poets witty；the mathematics subtle；natural philosophy deep；moral grave；logic and rhetoric able to contend.
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。(或：历史使人聪明；诗人使人遐想；数学使人精细；格致使人深沉；伦理使人庄严；逻辑和修辞使人能够争论。)(后一种译文虽然偏古并且有个别欠信之处，但与前一种译文相比，几乎有异曲同工之妙，在译文中都使用了增译法或重译法，反复使用了“使人”这两个字。)
(5) Reading makes a full man；conference a ready man；and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
(6) We won’t retreat，we never have and never will.
我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。
(7) Paris all truth，Versailles all lies；and that lies vented through the mouth of Thiers.
巴黎全是真理，凡尔赛全是谎言，而这种谎言是从梯也尔嘴里发出的。
(8) The journey which has brought me to Peking has been a very long one. Long when measured in miles. Long when measured in time.
我来北京的旅途是漫长的。用里程衡量，它是漫长的。用时间衡量，它也是漫长的。
(9) Last summer more than 3000 city welfare employees staged a “work-in” during which they showed up at the office but refused to process cases.
上一个夏天，3000多名城市福利救济部门的雇员举行了一次“到职罢工”活动，他们人到了办公室，但拒绝审核要求救济的申请。
(10) As an Oriental，I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement.
作为一个东方人，我不得不为你们所取得的历史性成就感到骄傲。
(11) I can imagine the almost insuperable obstacles to the unity of a billion-odd people.
我可以想象到要使l0亿多人民团结起来将会遇到的几乎不可克服的困难。
(12) Theory is something but practice is everything.
理论固然重要，实践尤其重要。
(13) Henry Kissinger had slept there before，in July and again in October.
这之前，基辛格在7月和l0月两度在那里下榻。
(14) Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.
他们的主人，(又是)割啊，(又是)倒啊，(又是）布菜啊，(又是)切面包啊。(又是)谈啊，(又是)笑啊，(又是)敬酒啊。忙个不停。
(15) 没有调查就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.
(16) 没有眼睛向下的兴趣和决心，是一辈子也不会真正懂得中国的事情的。
Unless a person is interested in turning his eyes downward and is determined to do so, he will never in his life really understand things in China.
(17) 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
(18) 跑了和尚跑不了庙。
The monk may run away, but the temple can’t run away with him.
(19) 吃饭防噎，走路防跌。
While eating, take heed that you do not choke；while walking, take heed that you do not fall.
(20) 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
(21) 送君千里，终有一别。
Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles，yet must the parting come at last.
(22) 小不忍则乱大谋。
If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.
(23) 老同志应支持中青年干部的工作，担负起传、帮、带的任务。
Old veteran cadres should support the young and middle-aged cadres in their work and take upon the task of helping and guiding the latter and passing on experience to them.
(24) 我们在生产建设中不仅需要创造更多更好的物质产品，而且需要培育一代又一代的社会主义新人。
In production and construction，we should try not only to turn out more and better material products，but also train successive generations of socialist-minded people of a new type.
(25) 谁都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。
Everyone knows that life on the Korean battle-field was rather hard.
(26) 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.
(27) 一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉要有三个帮。
A fence needs the support of three stakes，an able fellow needs the help of three other people.
(28) 立党为公，还是立党为私，这是无产阶级政党和资产阶级政党的分水岭，是真共产党员和假共产党员的试金石。
To build a party for the interests of the vast majority or for the interests of the minority? This is the watershed between proletarian and bourgeois parties and the touchstone for distinguishing true communists from sham.
(29) 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样你才能把工作做好。
Before handing in your translation，you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.
(30) 班门弄斧。
Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.
(31) 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
The magistrates are free to bum down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (cf. One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)
三、减译法
(1) A book is useful.
书(是)有用(的)。
(2) The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕太阳转。
(3) On Sundays we have no sch001.
礼拜天我们不上学。
(4) Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like.
宾利先生风度翩翩，彬彬有礼。
(5) A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue。
聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。
(6) If you write to him，the response would be absolute silence and void.
你写信给他，总是石沉大海。
(7) Sunday is the day when I am least busy.
星期天我最不忙。
(8) Could you help me in any way?
你能帮帮我吗?
(9) Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.
冬天是研究树木生长的最好的季节，虽则树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却是美丽的。
(10) He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸双肩。
(11) Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.
不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。
(12) These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.
这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。(或：这些发展中国家地大物博，人口众多。)
(13) 我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems.
(14) 要推迟战争的爆发，就要反对那样的绥靖政策，不管是军事的、政治的、经济的绥靖，都要反对。
To delay the outbreak of war, it is necessary(or essential)to oppose the policy of appeasement like that, militarily，politically and economically.
(15) Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.
新中国处处可以看到新人、新事物。
(16) 他们为国家做的事，比我们所做的多得多。
They have done much more for the state than we have.
(17) 郭沫若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”
Comrade Guo Moruo once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”
(18) 质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电，也不带阴电。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.
(19) When it is dark in the east，it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.
东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。
(20) It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.
说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。
(21) Eight O’clock found Franz up and dressed.
八点钟，弗兰兹起床穿衣。
(22) It is the US that is distorting and perverting the “Geneva spirit”.
是美国在歪曲颠倒“日内瓦精神”。
(23) If you give him an inch，he will take a mile.
得寸进尺。
(24) His speech to the Senate was as bald and brief as his address to the soldiers.
他在元老院的发言与对士兵的发言同样单调而简短。
四、词类转移法
(1) 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。
【译文】The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
【解析】这句话的英译文应该说是忠实而地道的，但分析一下汉英文中的词类，却很少是对应的。原文中的词类到了译文中，差不多都发生了变化：“学好”是动词，意思上相应的英文词mastery是名词；“随便”是副词，意思上相应的英文词是作表语的easy，等等。假若译文中的英文词类、词序都与汉语完全相同，不作任何改变，那么这就不成一句英文句子了。
(2) In those years the Republicans were in.
那些年是共和党执政。(形容词→动词)
(3) The music is a gas.
这音乐妙极了。(名词→形容词)
(4) A week after his prelude to the President’s visit. China was in.
在他为总统出访所作的序幕之行后一周，中国成了最时新的话题。(形→名)
(5) Saud was a frustrated man at that time.
沙特那时已受挫折。(形→动)
(6) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.
贸易的巨增给两国带来了益处。(动+副→形+名)
(7) Independent observers have commented favourably on the achievements you have made in this direction.
有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了很好的评价。(动+副→动+形+名)
(8) Traditionally，there had always been good relations between them.
它们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。 (副→形)
(9) Our age is witnessing a profound political change.
我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。(动→名)
(10) We have known a similar past of humiliation and exploitation.
在过去，我们都同样遭受到凌辱和剥削。(形→副)
(11) We are enemies of all wars，but above all of dynastic wars.
我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。(系表结构+of→动)
(12) Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their rapprochement and cooperation.
各国社会制度不同，但不应妨碍彼此和睦与相互合作。(to be+名+介→动)
(13) His real mission in life was to contribute，in one way or another，to the overthrow of capitalist society.
他一生的真正使命是想办法为推翻资本主义社会而作出贡献。(名+of→动)
(14) No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago.
难怪老一辈的许多人见了这个就会想到36年前的往事。(名+of短语→动宾结构)
(15) There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.
目前我国各地对各种消费品的需要量已大大增加。(形+名→副+动)
(16) We also realize the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy.
我们也认识到越来越需要使某些经济部门实行工业化。(形+名→副+动)
(17) What kind of sailor are you?
【译文】你晕不晕船?
【解析】be a bad sailor晕船；be a good sailor不晕船 (形+名→动)
(18) Parents’ love of children is perfect and minute.
父母爱子女无微不至。(名+介→动)
(19) Little by little they went along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful observation on the way.
他们慢慢地沿着整个北冰洋岸航行，一路仔细观察。(形+名→副+动)
(20) The cult of the individual is also a force of habit of millions and tens of millions.
个人崇拜也就是千百万人的一种习惯势力。(冠+名词A+of+名词B→形+名)
(21) A man of talent is usually honest and modest.
有本领的人往往老老实实。(介词短语→形)
(22) On these issues，Stalin was subjective and one-sided.
斯大林在这些问题上，陷入了主观性和片面性。(系表结构→动宾结构)
(23) 凡不孤立而占有十分巩固阵地之敌都不好打。
It is inadvisable to fight when an enemy force is not isolated but well trenched. (定语→状语)
(24) It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.
生于社会，不能脱离社会。(be+形+of→动)
(25) She was asked ten questions in the oral exam, and answered every one correctly.
口试时，问了她10个问题，她一一答对了。(主+被动语态→动宾结构)
(26) 林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片焚毁。
Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. (副+动→形+名；动→名)
(27) 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。
Xu Beihong’s drawings(paintings)of horses are exceptionally good. (动一名+of)
(28) The delegates at the conference unanimously expressed their determination to oppose hegemonism on the part of that superpower.
会上，代表们一致表示坚决地反对那个超级大国的霸权主义。(名一副)
(29) 这里就发生一个问题，你对发展重工业究竟是真想还是假想。想得厉害一点，还是差一点?
Here the question arises：Is your desire to develop heavy industry genuine or feigned，strong or weak? (副+动→形+名)
(30) 中国人民，百年以来，不屈不挠，再接再厉地英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭
亡中国。
【译文】Thanks to the Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years，imperialism has not been able to subjugate China, nor will it ever be able to do so.
【解析】此句中不但有词类转移现象，而且某些词语在句中的成分或作用也有改变。
(31) “一定要少说空话。多做工作。”
“There must be less empty talk and more hard work. ” (副+动+宾→形+主)
(32) Thousands of Chinese overseas have asked to be permitted to return to China，but they have met with all sorts of unreasonable obstacles， which have prevented them from returning to their motherland.
成千上万的中国侨民要求回国，但受到种种无理阻挠，以致不能回到祖国。(定→状)
(33) 在20世纪50年代初期，美帝企图征服朝鲜，从而进犯中国；但最后中朝军民打败了他们。
In the early l950s, the U. S. imperialists tried to conquer Korea and thereby to invade China, but were finally defeated by the army and people of Korea and China. (动宾结构→主谓结构)
(34) 斯大林骄傲了，不谨慎了，他的思想里产生了主观主义，产生了片面性，对于某些重大问题作出了错误的决定，造成了严重的不良后果。
Stalin became conceited and imprudent. Subjectivism and one-sidedness developed in his thinking and he made erroneous decisions on certain important questions, which led to serious and harmful consequences. (状→定)
(35) For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.
我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。(形+名→副+动)
(36) The victory of justice over arbitrary acts，of reason over decadence and blindness，of democracy over imperialism，of good over evil，our victory of 25 October will represent one of the glorious pages of our history. And we shall be able to leave it to our heirs.
正义战胜了专断行为，理智战胜了堕落和盲目，民主战胜了帝国主义，善战胜了恶，我们在10月25日取得的胜利将作为光辉篇章之一载人史册，我们将把它传于子孙后代。(名+介→动)
(37) It is incontestable that the advent of the People’s Republic of China was a principal event in the evolution of international relations following World WarⅡ.
中华人民共和国的成立无可置辩地是第二次世界大战以后国际关系演变中的大事件。 (形→副)
(38) Your Australian guests are immensely impressed by the Splendour and warmth of our reception at the airport, along the boulevard and in the Great Hall of the People.
你们的澳大利亚客人对于你们在机场、在街道、在现在的人民大会堂所给予我们盛大的、热情的接待，非常感谢。(名→形)
(39) These qualities constitute a great attraction to any peace-loving country which believes in world peace and international friendship, cooperation and understanding.
仅就这些品质而言，它们就强烈地吸引着爱好和平并对世界和平与国际友谊、合作和了解抱有信念的任何国家。
(40) Out of all the glorious tales written about the U. S. revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.
读遍了关于美国为摆脱英国统治争取独立而进行革命的堂皇纪事，也不容易知道第一个为美国独立而牺牲的原来是黑人。(介→动)
五、词序调整法
例1：短语翻译
(1) Miss Fang方小姐
(2) Mr. Stevenson史蒂文森先生
(3) Room 911 911房间
(4) Page l5 第15页
(5) April l7th, 2003 2003年4月17日
(6) The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中国共产党中央委员会
(7) tough. minded意志坚强的
(8) heart-warming暖人心的
(9) well-conducted行为端正的
(10) ill-tempered脾气不好的
(11) East China华东
(12) northeast东北
(13) southwest西南
(14) north, south, east and west东西南北
(15) Mr. Zhang, Protocol Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部礼宾司张先生
(16) Major-General Mohammed Khan, The First Brigade, The Sixth Division. Pakistan Army巴基斯坦陆军第六师第一旅穆罕默德·汗少将。
(17) (The tea-party was given by)Mr. Smith，senior correspondent of The Times，London.
(这个茶会是由)伦敦《泰晤士报》的高级记者史密斯先生(举行的。)
(18) every student of the class班上每一个学生(不能译成“每个学生的班”或“每个班上的学生”)
(19) all Party resolutions党的一切决议(绝对不能译成：一切党的决议)
例2：句子翻译
(1) They were sons of the men who had left their homes and taken to the mountains with their broad swords by their sides.
他们都是那些抛妻别子、身带大刀进入深山的好汉们的后代。
(2) Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking, of former plains seen heaved aloft, of fires flashing out amid the ruin.
大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有记载。
(3) He came yesterday.
他昨天来的(或：昨天他来了)。
(4) He drinks half a bottle of beer with each of his meals.
每餐他都要喝半瓶啤酒。
(5) He is not happy, though he is rich.
他虽富有，但不幸福。
(6) Will you kindly express through your column my keen appreciation of the action of the British Government in effecting my release from the Chinese Legation?
本人(指孙中山—编者)承蒙贵国政府之援助，得自中国公使馆获释，拟借贵报一角，敬伸感激之情，不知可邀俞允否?
(7) “What does Mr. Darcy mean, ”said she to Charlotte, “by listening to my conversation with Colonel Forster?”
“戴锡先生听我跟福斯塔上校谈话，”她对查乐蒂说，“这究竟是什么意思？”
(8) The ladies encouraged the combatants not only by clapping their hands and waving their veils and kerchiefs，but even by exclaiming “Brave lance! Good sword!” when any successful thrust or blow took place under their observation.
贵妇们看见刺中或打中时，不只是鼓掌，挥动头纱和手帕，甚至高声喊叫：“好枪法！好刀法！”这样地来鼓舞比武的英雄。
(9) Draw, if you be man, Gregory, remember thy smashing blow.
是汉子就拔出剑来,葛雷古利,别忘了你的杀手锏。
(10) The day was just breaking when we were about to start; as I sat thinking of her, came struggling up the coach side, through the mingled day and night Uriah’s head.
天将破晓，我们就要动身了，我坐在车上正想着她，忽然当昼夜混沌未分之际，从马车的旁边钻进尤莉亚的头来。(仍有词序调整)
(11) There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
我们访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。
(12) We ate to our hearts’ content at her home last Sunday.
我们上星期天在她家尽情地吃了一顿。
(13) Professor Tong is working with two of his new assistants in the laboratory at the moment.
童教授正在实验室和他的两个新助手一道工作。
(14) Never have we seen so bright a future before us!
我们从来都没看见过这样光明的前途。
(15) It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.
我原打算在今年一月访问中国，后来又不得不予以推迟，这使得我深感失望。
(16) I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your
Government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit, so quickly.
由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。
(17) 只有听党中央指挥，调动一切积极因素，中国人民才能全面建设小康社会。
Only by following the instructions of the Party Central Committee, and mobilizing all positive factors, can Chinese people build a well-off society in an all-round way.
(18) 这所大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程六个专业。
This university has six faculties, namely, Computer Science, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geo-physics, Remote Sensing and Genetic Engineering.
六、正说反译，反说正译法
例1：
(1) I don’t think Tom is correct.
【译文】我认为汤姆不对。
【解析】不译成：我不认为汤姆是对的。
(2) 我想小李明天不会来了。
【译文】I don’t think Xiao Li will come tomorrow.
【解析】不译成：I think Xiao Li won’t come tomorrow.
(3) A：Are you not going tomorrow?
B：No，I'm not going.
甲：你明天不去吗?
乙：是的，我不去。
(4) ①Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism ②in order to invite other new masters.
【译文】①非洲踢出西方帝国主义②并不是为了请进其他新的主子。
【解析】假如不运用“正说反译，反说正译”这一技巧，译文就会成为：“非洲不踢出西方帝国主义为了请进其他新的主子。”其义则大相径庭。
(5) The world today is far from peaceful.
【译文】今天的世界还很不安宁。
【解析】far from是一个形式上肯定而含否定意义的短语或词组，所以要“正说反译”。
(6) 我们的人民解放军无愧于伟大的人民军队的称号。
Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.
(7) 他尽力克服技术资料的不足。
He tries his best to overcome the lack of technical data.
(8) 窗户打不开。
The window refuses to open.
(9) 昨天他没准时到校。
Yesterday he failed to get to school on time.
(10) 他们不准小孩入内。
They excluded children(from)getting in.
(11) 那座大楼处于无人管理的状态。
That building is in a state of neglect.
(12) 他常常心不在焉。
He’s often absent. minded.
(13) 干这事我力不胜任。
To do this is beyond my ability.
(14) 雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。
Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.
(15) 该做这工作的是我，而不是你。
I, rather than you, should do the work.
(16) 事实真相同你想的完全不同。
The truth is quite other than what you think.
(17) She refrained from laughing.
她忍住了，没有发笑。
(18) She was refused admittance by them.
他们不许她进去。
(19) An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.
良机难再。
(20) 不辜负全国人民和全世界人民对我们的期望。
Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.
(21) 工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。
Slips are scarcely avoidable when you’re new to your work.
(22) 任何事物都有两点，说只有一点叫知其一不知其二。
There are two aspects to everything; to say there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignorant of the other.
(23) 在技术方面，我看大部分首先要照办，因为那些我们现在还没有。还不懂。学了比较有利。
In technology, I think first we have to follow others in most cases, and it is better for us to do so, since that is what we are lacking at present and know little about.
(24) 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。
The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.
(25) 使用按键，勿用力过猛。
Avoid operating the keys roughly.
(26) 科学家们在会上庄严地保证说：“我们决不辜负党对我们的期望。”
The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying, “We'll forever live up to what our Party expects of US. ”
(27) The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.
证据确凿，毋庸置疑。
(28) 那里的县委不了解下情。
The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower levels.
(29) 那家伙很不老实。
That fellow is far from being honest.
(30) 那城市及其周围的地方是不冻港和无核区。
That city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear- weapon-free zone.
(31) 栾平呆立着，回答不出杨子荣的一系列问题。
Luan Ping stood still, trying vainly(in vain)to answer the battery of questions Yang Zirong raised.
(32) Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country.
怀特先生并没有对该国的政变发表正式评论。
(33) That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination(or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination. )
那件事没有减弱我们的决心，反倒增强了我们的决心。
(34) But for the workers’ help, we should not have succeeded in this experiment.
没有工人们的帮助，我们这个实验便不会成功。
(35) All that glitters is not gold. (or: All is not gold that glitters. )
闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金(或：发光的并不都是金子)。
(36) “All is not lost.”一John Milton
(约翰·密尔顿说过：)并非全失。
(37) George Bernard Shaw once said：“All criminals are not murderers.”
乔治·萧伯纳曾说：“罪犯并非全是杀人犯。”
(38) But all men are not born to reign.
并非人人生来就都是作帝王的。
(39) All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work.
外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作。
(40) All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.
吹捧你的人并非都是你的忠实朋友。
(41) Both children are not clever.
并非两个孩子都聪明。
例2：非正规英语的双重否定
(1) We never thought of nothing wrong.
我们从来没想到有什么错误。
(2) They would not eat themselves, and would not let others neither.
【译文】他们自己不吃(东西)，也不让别人吃(东西)。
【解析】在标准英语中，neither应改成either。
七、分译法
(一) 单词分译：
例1：单词词义分译
...that little pink-faced chit Amelia with not half any sense, has ten thousand pounds and an establishment secure, …
……爱米丽亚那粉红脸儿的小不点儿，还没有我一半懂事，倒有一万镑财产，住宅家具奴仆一应俱全……
例2：单词搭配分译
(1) ...she treated that lady with every demonstration of cool respect….
……她对那位夫人不冷不热，不错规矩……
(2) …She had such a kindly，smiling，tender，gentle，generous heart of her own,…
【译文】……她心地厚道，性格温柔可疼，器量又大。为人又乐观……
【解析】heart一词被分译成“心地”、“性格”、“器量”和“为人”四个词，再与它前面的五个形容词搭配。
例3：灵活对等分译
Thus it was that our little romantic friend formed visions of the future for herself. . .
【译文】我们的小朋友一脑袋幻想，憧憬着美丽的将来……
【解析】如果逐字译成“我们的浪漫的小朋友憧憬着未来……”并不能算错，但意思却不甚明了，因为 “浪漫”一词在汉语中的含义较多。此处为“想人非非”，所以拆译成“一脑袋幻想”较为明确，既突出了人物性格，又避免了翻译腔。
例4：突出语言重点
…there was in the old library at Queen’s Crawley a considerable provision of works of light literature of the last century，both in the French and English languages…
……在女王的克劳莱大厦的书房里，有不少18世纪的文学作品，有英文的，也有法文的，都是些轻松的读物……
例5：修辞需要词语分译
(1) And in their further disputes she always returned to this point, “Get me a situation—we hate each other。and I am ready to go. ”
【译文】从此以后他们每拌一次嘴，她就回到老题目，说道：“给我找个事情，反正咱们你恨我我嫌你，我愿意走。”
【解析】一个hate分译成“恨”与“嫌”两个字，使得译笔生动，读者似乎如见其人，如闻其声。
(2) Not that the parting speech caused Amelia to philosophize, or that it aimed her in any way with a calmness, the result of argument,…
【译文】倒并不是(平克顿小姐的)临别赠言使爱米丽亚想得通丢得开，因此心平气和，镇静下来……
【解析】此处将“philosophize”分译作“想得通”、“丢得开”，将“calmness”分译作“心平气和”、“镇静下来”，说明译者真正吃透了原文，摆脱了字典释义的束缚，使用恰当的译文语言再现了原文的特色，并做到了结构匀称，声调和谐，保持了原文的神韵与丰姿。
（二）句子分译
例1：含定语从句的句子
(1) “Well. there’s never anything happened in my family I’m ashamed of.”
【译文】“嘿，我家可从来没出现过见不得人的事。”
【解析】译成前置定语。
(2) I am going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some butter and eggs and a fresh-baked cake that my mother has made for her.
【译文】我去看病在床上的祖母，给她带些奶油、鸡蛋和妈妈刚刚烤好的蛋糕。
(3) Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.
【译文】伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话，这个女人现在异常无礼，十分令人反感。
【解析】定语从句译成另外一句。
(4) It’s in line with the Charter, which recognizes the value of regional efforts to solve problems and settle disputes.
【译文】它符合宪章精神，因为宪章承认由地区进行排难解纷的作用。
【解析】定语从句译成状语从句。
(5) …so my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim, although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable us to visit the countries of Socialism.
【译文】因此，我到革命的中国来的希望相当小了，虽然我并没有放弃努力来争取一张护照，以便访问社会主义国家。
【解析】定语从句译成状语。
(6) They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.
【译文】他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈来愈猛，遍及全国。
【解析】从句译成状语
(7) In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved.
【译文】当两国发生争端时，如与两国都友好，第三国则力避卷入。
【解析】定位从句译成状语
(8) However great the joy with which he welcomed a new discovery in some theoretical science whose practical application perhaps it was as yet quite impossible to envisage, he experienced quite another kind of joy when the discovery involved immediate revolutionary changes in industry, and in historical development in general.
【译文】任何一门理论科学中的每一个新发现，即使它的实际应用甚至还无法预见，都使他(马克思)感到由衷地喜悦，但是当有了立即会对工业、对一般历史发展产生革命影响的发现的时候，他的喜悦就完全不同了。
【解析】定语从句仍译为状语
(9) The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.
【译文】厨子的脸发起白来，要使唤丫头把门关上，丫头叫布立特尔去，布立特尔叫补锅匠去，补锅匠却装着没有听见。
【解析】这个长句中有三个定语从句，如果不这样分成几个等立分句来译，那么译出来的句子不一定会让人看得懂。把这一长句分成五个分句，意思既明确又忠实于原文。
(10) He dropped the mattress against the rough wooden fence which had replaced the iron bars taken up for war efforts，and wiped his brow.
【译文】他把褥垫扔下，靠着木栏栅(原来是铁栏杆，为了支援战争而换成木头的了)，擦了擦额头。
【解析】有时候，同一句中的定语从句前后两个动作紧接发生，为了使这两个动作仍显得紧凑，翻译时可将原文中定语从句的译文置于括号中。
(11) It(The People’s Republic of China)must be created by the blood and the work of all of US who believe in the future，who believe in man and his glorious man-made destiny.
【译文】伟大的中华人民共和国必须用我们大家的鲜血和工作来缔造。我们这些人相信未来，相信人们，相信人们能够掌握自己的命运—光辉灿烂的命运。
【解析】同位语从句译成了单独的句子。
(12) But as the song surged up in increasing loudness, even the most timid lost their fear and joined in, and all the things that King had said at the meeting in the ball-room, things that they hadn’t believed or had only half-believed, became suddenly and powerfully true.
【译文】但是当歌声越来越响的时候，连那些最胆小的人也没有什么恐惧了，他们也跟着唱起来，金在舞厅里开会时所说的一切，那些他们曾经不相信或半信半疑的话，忽然很有力地变成是真的了。
【解析】此句的定语从句译成一般的前置定语，整个的译文能按原文顺序译出来而又忠实、清楚，当然就不必采取别的分译方法了。
(13) He had a set of little tools and saws of various sizes manufactured by himself. With the aid of these, Issac contrived to make many curious articles, at which he worked with so much skill, that he seemed to have been born with a saw or chisel in his hand.
【译文】艾萨克有一套自制的小工具和各种尺寸的锯子。由于这些工具，加之手很巧，他造出许多罕见的东西，好像他天生就会用锯子或凿子似的。
【解析】分译这两句较长的英文句子时，要重新安排词序，译成若干短句。
(14) They remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship.
【译文】他往常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐老位置了。
【解析】此句使用了逆序分译法，较好地传达了原文的意思。
(15) He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors.
【译文】他访问了许多地方，到处受到热情的欢迎。他的艰苦努力是经常受到热烈欢迎的。
【解析】此句原文中有两个定语从句，将这样一个英文长句分译成两个独立的句子，意思
显得很清楚。
(16) Intellectually emancipated at a time when women of good family were not encouraged to do anything more ambitious than dabble in the arts, she became the editor of a review entitled Correspondence des Families in which she was bold enough to publish essays by the revolutionary socialist Jules Valles.
【译文】当时，有教养的人家对于女子至多不过让她们对艺术稍有涉猎，并不鼓励她们去做比此更有抱负的事情。但她不受旧思想的约束，担任了一家名叫《家庭通讯》杂志的编辑。她在这个刊物上大胆地发表了革命社会主义者朱尔·瓦莱斯的文章。
【解析】一个英语长句译成三句汉语。
(17) Distant thunder greeted this scheme, from the south Pacific, where de Gaulle on his travels sent orders to prepare proposals.
【译文】当时远在南太平洋地区旅行的戴高乐听到这个计划，大发雷霆，下令提出新的方案。
【解析】打散原文的结构，重新组合译文把译文分成几小部分，读来流畅顺口。
(18) Perhaps, after all, there was no enigma about him, except in the minds of lesser men who found it hard to conceive such tenacity of purpose.
【译文】关于他的谜，也许根本就不存在。所谓谜者，只是那些不及他的人对他那样坚韧不拔的意志感到不可思议而已。
【解析】一句译成两句。
例2：其他长句的某些翻译规则
(1) Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labour, tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers, with their wives and children, were forced into the cities in search of work, any work, under any condition, that would keep them alive.
【译文】于是，就出现了这样的情况，正当新办的工厂纷纷成立、需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘的从事农业的劳动者，携妻带儿，被迫流入城市；他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不讲什么条件，只要不让他们饿死就行。
【解析】这段译文把原作者的逻辑推理表达得一清二楚：新工厂要求廉价劳动力并容易得到，是因大批农民破产，流往城市，急于找到工作。
(2) It had been anticipated that results would now begin to show an increase in living standards in Russia. Instead，the necessity to greatly increase the direct expenditure on armaments and still further raise the already high percentage of the national income devoted to defense means a further postponement of reward to the ordinary workers and consumers as a consequence of the great industrial effort since war.
【译文】原来预料俄国的生活水平现在会因此而提高。可是不然，直接的军费需要大大增加，在国民收入中已占很大比例的国防费用还需要更加提高。这也就是说，由于战后工业方面的巨大努力，普通工人和消费者可得到好处的时间，又要推迟了。
(3) The Prime Minister added, “we are now once again regarded by other states as a power whose judgment can be trusted and whose promises can be relied on.”
【译文】首相说：“我们这个大国的判断是可以相信的，我们这个大国的诺言是可以信赖的；现在其他国家又把我们当作这样的大国了。”
(4) A report of the proposed compromise plan came from a reliable source only a few hours after the president’s special envoy, Mr. X, emerged from his fifth secret session with the Egyptian Foreign Minister and told newsmen “A solution is in sight. ”
【译文】关于折中方案的消息是一位可靠人士传出来的。在这个消息传出之前不过几小时，总统的特使某先生在与埃及外长进行第五次秘密会谈之后，曾对记者说“解决方案现已在望”。
(5) This suggestion was made today by the influential New York Times which predicted a ‘change of topic’ at the forthcoming meeting，with emphasis shifting from armament limitation to human rights…
【译文】这个建议是有影响的《纽约时报》今天提出来的。该报预言，即将举行的会议，“议题会有改变”，侧重点会由武器限制问题转到人权问题……
(6) “The Civil War, lasting four years and costing at least a million lives, civilian and military, was the most extensive war ever fought on the soil of the New World, a war that proved to the planters in a revolutionary way that human being in America could no longer be bought or sold, worked and killed at will to serve the profit of parasitic landowners.
【译文】美国的南北战争历时四年之久，夺去了至少一百万军民的生命，是在新大陆(新世界)进过的规模最大的一次战争，这次战争以革命的方式使种植园主认识到：在美国，再也不为了寄生的土地所有者的利益而把人任意买卖、任意驱使、任意杀害了。
（三）典型长句英汉对照
例：
(1) I wish either my father or my mother, or indeed both of them, as they, were in duty both equally bound to it, had minded what they were about when they begot me；had they duly considered how much depended upon what they were then doing：-that not only the production of a rational being was concerned in it, but that possibly the happy formation and temperature of his body, perhaps his genius and the very cast of his mind;—and, for aught they knew to the contrary, even the fortunes of his whole house might take their turn from the humours and dispositions which were then uppermost;—had they duly weighed and considered all this, and proceeded accordingly, I am verily persuaded I should have made a quite different figure in the world, from that in which the reader is likely to see me.
【译文】我希望我的父亲或是我的母亲，不，我的双亲，因为他们两人同样地对此都有义务，当他们生我的时候，曾注意到他们所做的事；如果他们适当地想过，他们当时所做的事，是有何等大的影响；那不单是产生一个有理性的人，而且身体适合的形成和要素的配合，也许他的天赋及其心灵的典型都产生出来；而由于那时他们最强烈的性情和意向，恐怕要甚至改变他们全家的命运；如果他们适当地仔细考虑过这一切，因而照着进行的话，我确信我早成为与读者诸君此后可能见到的我，完全两样的一个人物了吧。(—钱歌川《翻译的基本知识》)
(2) The rest is all a more or less incoherent dream of Miss Lavinia, who acts as a semiauxiliary bridesmaid, being the first to cry, and of her doing homage (as I take it) to the memory of Pidger, in sobs; of Miss Clarissa applying a smelling-bottle; of Agnes taking care of Dora; of my aunt endeavouring to represent herself as a model of sternness, with tears rolling down her face; of little Dora trembling very much, and making her responses in faint whispers.
【译文】其余的情况，只是一场或多或少不相连属的大梦。莱薇妮亚小姐怎样好像是半个助理伴娘，怎样头一个哭起来；她怎样对于故去的皮治先生唏嘘致敬(这是我的想法)；珂萝莉莎小姐怎样拿出闻药来闻；爱格尼怎样照顾朵萝；我姨婆怎样表面上装作是铁石心肠的模范，眼泪却止不住从脸上滚滚往下直流；朵萝怎样浑身抖得厉害，应答的时候，怎样有气无力、声音低微：所有这种情况，对于我，也只是一场大梦。(—张谷若译)
(3) And load up the cabin with rats and snakes and so on, for company for Jim; and then you kept Tom here so long with the butter in his hat that you come near spoiling the whole business, because the men come before we was out of the cabin, and we had to rush, and they heard us and let drive at us, and I got my share, and we dodged out of the path and let them go by, and when the dogs come they weren't interested in us, but went for the most noise, and we got our canoe, and made for the raft, and was all safe, and Jim was a free man, and we done it all by ourselves, and wasn't it bully, Aunty!
【译文】还在小屋里装满了老鼠、长虫，等等，为的是给吉木做伴。到后来你把汤姆留在这儿那么老半天，他帽子里那块黄油化了，差一点儿把整个这件事情弄糟了，因为那些人没等我们由小屋里爬出来就来到了，因此我们不得不拼命地往前冲，他们听见我们的响声，就对着我们开枪，于是就挨了这一下，可是我们马上闪到一旁，把他们都让过去，那些狗赶到我们跟前，对我们并不感觉兴趣，光知道对着那顶热闹的地方跑，我们就找着我们的小船，朝着我们的木筏划去，我们都平安无事，吉木有了自由，决不再当奴隶。这些事从头到尾都是我们自己干的，姨妈，这不是棒极了吗!(—张万里译)
(4) Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch from the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained，instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.
【译文】正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来为繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等；所以，直接的物质生活资料的生产，因而一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展阶段，便构成为基础。人们的国家制度、法的观点、艺术以至宗教观念，就是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不是像过去那样做得相反。(《在马克思墓前的讲话》)
（四）汉语长句英译的分译
例1：
(1) 这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正促使它们的政府和我们做生意，以至建立外交关系，这是善意的，这就是援助。
【译文】The Communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their governments to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with US. This is goodwill. This is help.
【解析】如果长句以一表示判断或小结的从句结尾，可使用分译法。
(2) 蒋介石说，中国过去没有内战，只有剿匪；不管叫什么吧，总之要发动反人民的内战。
【译文】Chiang Kai-shek says there has never been any “civil war” in China, only “bandit suppression”. Whatever he likes to call it, the fact is he wants to start a civil war against the people.
【解析】如果汉语句子较长，其中有语气或话题的转折，为了使英译文明确，可进行分译。
(3) ① 不和中国的人民民主专政的当局好好地打交道，却要干这些混账工作，而且公开地发表出来，丢脸!丢脸。
【译文】Instead of dealing with the authorities of the Chinese people’s democratic dictatorship in the proper way, Acheson and his like are doing filthy work, and, what is more, they have openly published it. What a loss of face! What a loss of face!
② 蒋介石说要建国，今后就是建什么国的斗争，是建立一个无产阶级领导的人民大众的新民主主义国家呢，还是建立一个大地主大资产阶级专政的半殖民地半封建的国家呢?
【译文】Chiang Kai-shek talks about “building the country”. From now on the struggle will be to build what sort of country. To build a new-democratic country of the broad masses under the leadership of the proletariat? Or to build a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country under the dictatorship of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie?
【解析】如果汉语长句中含有反问句(或反诘句)或感叹号，英译时通常要分译。
(4) 这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白，务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗的作风。
【译文】This must be made clear now in the Party. The comrades must be taught to remain modest，prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.
【解析】如果汉语长句中含有从一般到具体或从具体到一般的过渡，英译时应分译。
(5) 我军的现代化，就是要有一支强大的陆军空军海军，要有现代化的武器装备，包括导弹和核武器，要严格训练，要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领，熟练掌握使用现代化武器装备的新技术，以及随之而来的新战术。
【译文】Our army’s modernization calls for powerful ground，air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment，including guided missiles and nuclear weapons；it calls for rigorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat；it calls for mastery of the new techniques involved in handling modern arms and equipment and of the new tactics entailed.
【解析】如果汉语长句中含有几个平行的子句，各讲一个方面的内容，英译时最好分译。
八、语态变换法
例1:
(1) The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult, so we must get well prepared for it.
即将举行的物理考试据说相当困难，所以我们必须做好充分准备。
(2) If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing.
如果预计天气恶劣，天气预报人员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。
(3) How can a series of motionless, or still, pictures be blended on a screen to produce motion pictures?
一组不动的即静止的图片是怎样在银幕上连到一起合成电影的呢?
(4) Such liquid fuel rockets as are now being used for space research have to carry their own supply of oxygen.
像现在用于宇宙研究的这类液态燃料火箭，必须自己携带氧气。
(5) How long will it be before black and white television sets are found only in museums?
还要过多久黑白电视机才会被送进博物馆呢?
(6) The oil of the world will have been used up, and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.
全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。
(7) In order to do research in nuclear physics，the young teachers are required to complete a two-year graduate course.
为了能进行核物理方面的研究，要求这些青年教师读完两年研究生课程。
(8) A national link. up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will be supplied to anyone who uses the system.
把全国的电脑连接起来意味着可以向任何使用该系统的人提供大量信息。
(9) Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used.
自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用。
(10) Goodyear, an American, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, non-sticky, and yet elastic.
有一个叫古德伊尔的美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做得硬而不粘，但是却有弹性。
(11) There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons.
有几种放射性同位素是通过中子轰击原子核而产生出来的。
(12) The expansion of metals on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal bridge is built.
在建造一座金属大桥前，对金属受热膨胀这一现象必须加以考虑。
(13) This nuclear power plant which is completely automated and computer-controlled serves the entire city.
这个全部自动化和电脑控制的核电厂供应全市的用电。
(14) At present, a large computer is needed for the control of the robot, but the action is slow，each decision requiring a great deal of computation.
当前，还需要用一台大型电脑控制机器人，但是动作很慢，要作出一个决定就得进行大量的计算。
(15) The Wright brothers were highly praised for having made the first flight in the world.
莱特兄弟因为进行了世界上第一次飞行而受到了高度赞扬。
(16) The engineer has a knowledge of mathematical and natural science acquired by study, experience and practice which is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.
工程师通过学习、经验和实践获得数学和自然科学的知识，并有鉴别地运用这些知识研究出一些途径来经济地使用自然界的材料和自然力，为人类造福。
(17) Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear power station reactor.
有关原子能电站反应堆的复杂性已经谈得很多了。
(18) The time will come when homes will be heated from a small reactor in the basement.
有朝一日家庭将由安装在地下室里的小反应堆供热。
(19) If you subject this precision instrument to a high temperature. it will be seriously damaged.
如果你把这台精密仪器置于高温之下，仪器将会受到严重损坏。
(20) This level is somewhere between that created by very heavy street traffic and that caused by the arrival of an underground train in a station.
这个声压级大约介于交通极为繁忙的街道上的噪声和地铁到站时所引起的噪音之间。
(21) Other equipment has been devised which analyses noise into the various frequencies of the sounds of which it is made up and records the loudness at the different frequencies.
还设计了另外一些设备，能将噪音分解成构成该噪音的各种不同的音响频率，并能记录不同频率的音量。
(22) High voltage current is usually carried by overheadwire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted.
高压电通常要用架空线传输以防生物触电。
(23) Here is a dear case of the course of human history being affected by the scientific and technological revolution.
这里有一个科学和技术革命影响人类历史进程的明显例子。
(24) If the chain reaction went on without being checked. it could cause a great explosion.
如果连锁反应不受控制，一直进行下去，就会引起一场大爆炸。
(25) With the help of a microscope you can watch the integrated circuits being separated and tested.
利用一架显微镜，你可以看到集成电路正在被分离和被测试的情况。
(26) The hull of a ship is often protected against corrosion with a coat of special paint.
船舶的外壳通常涂以一层特殊的漆以抗腐蚀。
(27) The radioactive material should be kept safely to protect the surrounding areas from being polluted by radiation.
放射性材料应该安全储藏，以保护周围环境不受辐射污染。
例2：常用被动句型的汉语习惯译法
It is hoped that…希望……
It is reported that…据报道……
It is said that…据说……
It is supposed that…据推测……
It must be admitted that… 必须承认……
It must be pointed out that… 必须指出……
It is asserted that…有人主张……
It is believed that…有人相信……
It is well known that…众所周知……
It will be said that…人们会说……
It was told that…人们曾说……
1 was told that…我听说……