参考文献

1.叶奕兰，何闯，方宏洋，等.原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤的CT表现及其病理相关性.医学影像学杂志，2012，22（5）：740-743.

2.孔祥泉，杨秀萍，查云飞主编.肿瘤影像与病理诊断[M].北京：人民卫生出版社，2009.

3.兰宝森主编.中华影像医学：头颈部卷[M].北京：人民卫生出版社，2002.

4.高明主编.头颈肿瘤学.第3版[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社，2014.

5.Noma S，Nishimura K，Togashi K，et al.Thyroid gland：MR imaging.Radiology，1987，164（2）：495-499.

6.Kim H，Kim JA，Son EJ，et al.Preoperative prediction of the extrathyroidal extension of papillary thyroid carcinoma with ultrasonography versus MRI：a retrospective cohort study.International Journal of Surgery，2014，12（5）：544-548.

7.Abraham T，schöder H.2011 thyroid cancer-indications and opportunities for positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging.semin Nucl Med，41：121-138.

8.Deandreis D，Al ghuzlan A，Auperin A，et al.Is 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT useful for the presurgical characterization of thyroid noduleswith indeterminate fine needle aspiration cytology？Thyroid，2012，22：165-172.

9.Lai XJ，Zhang B，Jiang YX，et al.Diagnostic values of ultrasound and（18）F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for patients with suspected thyroid carcinoma and lymph nodemetastasis.Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao，2013，35（4）：393-397.

10.American thyroid Association（ATA）guidelines taskforce on thyroid Nodules and Differentiated thyroid Cancer，Cooper Ds，Doherty gM，Haugen Br，et al.Revised American thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer.Thyroid，2009，19：1167-1214.

11.Dong MJ，Liu ZF，Zhao K，et al.Value of 18F-FDG PET/PET-Ct in differentiated thyroid carcinoma with radioiodinenegative whole-body scan：a meta-analysis.Nucl Med Commun，2009，30：639-650.

12.Ma C，Xie J，Lou Y，et al.The role of TSH for 18F-FDGPET in the diagnosis of recurrence and metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated thyroglobulin and negative scan：ameta-analysis.Eur JEndocrinol，2010，163：177-183.

13.李昭，冯蕾.桥本氏甲状腺炎的超声诊断研究进展.现代仪器与医疗，2013，19（01）：25-29.

14.陈金山，唐永庆.亚急性甲状腺炎超声彩色多普勒的特点.中国医药指南，2012，10（23）：165-166.

15.温智峰.急性化脓性甲状腺炎的超声特征及鉴别诊断.青海医药杂志，2012，42（09）：45-46.

16.高明.甲状腺癌的诊疗进展及策略.中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志，2010，（11）：887-890.

17.张晟.术前超声分区诊断甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移的临床价值.中国肿瘤临床，2010，37（16）：917-920.

18.Ahuja AT，Ying M.Evaluation of cervical lymph node vascularity：a comparison of colour Doppler，power Doppler and 3-D power Doppler sonography Ultrasound Med Boil，2004，30（12）：1557-1564.

19.Takao M，Fukuda T，Iwanaga S，et al.Gastric cancer evaluation of triphasic spiral CT and radiologic-pathologic correlation.JComput Assist Tomogr，1998，22（2）：288-294.

20.Mani NBS，Suri S，Gupta S，et al.Two phase dynamic contrast enhanced CT with water-fillingmethod for staging of gastric carcinoma.Clin Imaging，2001，25（1）：38-43.

21.Dost P，Kaiser S.Ultrasonographic biometry in salivary glands.Ultrasound Med Biol，1997，23：1299-1303.

22.Hilton JM，Phillips JS，Hellquist HB，et al.MultifocalmultisiteWarthin tumour.Eur.Arch.Otorhinolaryngol，2008，265：1573-1575.

23.Hausegger KW，Krasa H，Pelzmann W，et al.Sonography of the salivary glands.Ultraschall Med，1993，14：68-74.

24.Alyas F，Lewis K，Williams M.et al.Diseases of the submandibular gland as demonstrated using high resolution ultrasound.Br.J.Radiol.2005，78：362-369.

25.Schick S，Steiner E，Gahleitner A，et al.Differentiation of benign and malignant tumors of the parotid gland：value of pulsed Doppler and color Doppler sonography.Eur Radiol，1998，8：1462-1467.

26.Lee YY，Wong KT，King AD，etal.Imaging of salivary gland tumors.Eur JRadiol，2008，66：419-436.

27.Capaccio P，Cuccarini V，Ottaviani F.et al.Comparative ultrasonographic，magnetic resonance sialographic，and videoendoscopic assessment of salivary duct disorders.Ann.Otol.Rhinol.Laryngol，2008，117：245-252.

28.Koischwitz D，Gritzmann N.Ultrasound of the neck.Radiol Clin North Am，2000，38：1029-1045.

29.Salaffi F，Carotti M，Argalia G，et al.Usefulness of ultrasonography and color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of major salivary gland diseases.Reumatismo，2006，58：138-156.

30.Gritzmann N.Ultrasound of the salivary glands.Larygorhinootologie.2009，88：48-56.

31.Dubois J，Patriquin H.Doppler sonography of head and neck masses in children.Neuroimaging Clin N Am，2000，10：215-252.

32.Katz P，Harti DM，Guerre A.Clinical ultrasound of the salivary glands.Otolaryngal Clin North Am，2009，42：973-1000.

33.Thoeny HC.Imaging of salivary gland tumours.Cancer Imaging，2007，30：52-62.

34.Andrew A.Comparison of Thyroid FineNeedle Aspiration and Core Needle Biopsy.Am J Clin Pathol，2007，128：370-374.

35.Nicholas J.Head and Neck Lymphadenopathy：Evaluation with US-guided Cutting-Needle Biopsy Radiology，2002，224：75-81.

36.刘隽颖，王勇，崔宁宜，等.甲状腺转移瘤超声表现.国际医学放射学杂志，2017，40（01）：28-31.

37.Moon WJ，Jung SL，Lee JH，et al.Benign andmalignant thyroid nodules：US differentiation-multicenter retrospective study.Radiology，2008，247（3）：762-770.

38.Oh EM，Chung YS，Song WJ，et al.The pattern and significance of the calcifications of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma presented in preoperative neck ultrasonography.Ann Surg Treat Res，2014，86（3）：115-121.

39.Lee HS，Park HS，Kim SW，et al.Clinical characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma less than or equal to 5mm on ultrasonography.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol，2013，270（11）：2969-2974.

40.Cooper DS，Doherty GM，Haugen BR，etal.Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer.Thyroid，2009，19（11）：1167-1214.

41.Bircan HY，Koc B，Akarsu C，et al.Is Hashimoto′s thyroiditis a prognostic factor for thyroid papillarymicrocarcinoma？Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci，2014，18（13）：1910-1915.

42.Wang H，Zhao L，Xin X，et al.Diagnostic value of elastosonography for thyroid microcarcinoma.Ultrasonics，2014，54（7）：1945-1949.

43.Zhang XL，Qian LX.Ultrasonic features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and non-microcarcinoma.Exp Ther Med，2014，8（4）：1335-1339.

44.Leboulleux S，Tuttle RM，Pacini F，et al.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma：time to shift from surgery to active surveillance？Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol，2016，4（11）：933-942.

45.Gharib H，Papini E，Paschke R，et al.American Association of Clinical Endocrinolo gists，Associazione Medici Endocrinologi，and European Thyroid Associationmedical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules.Endocr Pract，2010，16：468-475.

46.Morris LF，Ragavendra N，Yeh M.Evidence-based assessment of the role of ultrasonography in the management of benign thyroid nodules.World J Surg，2008，32：1253-1263.

47.McCoy KL，Jabbour N，Ogilvie JB，et al.The incidence of cancer and rate of false-negative cytology in thyroid nodules greater than or equal to 4 cm in size.Surgery，2007，142：837-844.

48.Lazarus E，Mainiero MB，Schepps B，et al.BI-RADS lexicon for USandmammography：interobserver variability and positive predictive value.Radiology，2006，239：385-391.

49.Horvath E，Majlis S，Rossi R，et al.An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management.J Clin Endocrinol Metab，2009，94：1748-1751.

50.Park JY，Lee HJ，Jang HW，et al.A proposal for a thyroid imaging reporting and data system for ultrasound features of thyroid carcinoma.Thyroid，2009，19：1257-1264.

51.Kwak JY，Han KH，Yoon JH，et al.Thyroid imaging reporting and data system for US features of nodules：a step in establishing better stratification of cancer risk.Radiology，2011，260：892-899.

52.Ma BY，Parajuly SS，Peng YL，et al.The Value of Sonography in Thyroid Imaging Reproting and Data System for Thyroid Nodule.Chin JBases Clin Genearal Surg，2011，18：898-901.

53.Zhou XD，Yang LX，Zhen YH.Diagnosis value of improved TI-RADSwith the UE in thyroid nodules.Journal of Yanan University，2011，9：19-21.[Article in Chinese]

54.Zhang XR，Wang XT，Wang R.Evaluation of color Doppler ultrasound combined with TI-RADS in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Journal of Nantong University，2012，32：495-497.[Article in Chinese]

55.Lou J，Zhao LF，Zhang L，et al.The value of TI-RADS in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions.Clinical Education of General Practise，2012，10：651-653.[Article in Chinese]

56.Xie YF，Liu N，Dai YJ.TI-RADS classification system in thyroid nodules：a pilot study.Medical Laboratory Sciences，2013，9：117.[Article in Chinese]

57.Chen XK，Chen SH，Lu GR.The Applicational Value of TIRADSUltrasonographic Stratification in Diagnosing Thyroid Nodules.Chinese Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine，2012，28：1066-1068.[Article in Chinese]

58.Lu XB，Geng ZS，Liu Y.TI-RADS in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Journal of Zhengzhou University，2013，48：277-278.[Article in Chinese]

59.Russ G，Royer B，Bigorgne C，etal.Prospective evaluation of thyroid imaging reporting and data system on 4550 nodules with and without elastography.Eur JEndocrinol，2013，168：649-655.

60.Cheng SP，Lee JJ，Lin JL，et al.Characterization of thyroid nodules using the proposed thyroid imaging reporting and data system（TI-RADS）.Head Neck，2013，35：541-547.

61.Wang JM，Wang Y.The value of TI-RADS ultrasonographic stratification in diagnosing single thyroid nodules.Henan Medical Research，2013，22：176-178.[Article in Chinese]

62.Cronan JJ.Thyroid nodules：is it time to turn off the USmachines？Radiology，2008，247：602-604.

63.Chen SC，Cheung YC，Su CH，et al.Analysis of sonographic features for the differentiation ofbenign andmalignantbreast tumors of different sizes.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol，2004，23：188-193.

64.Park CS，Kim SH，Jung SL，et al.Observer variability in the sonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules.J Clin Ultrasound，2010，38：287-293.

65.Zhang YX，Zhang B，Zhang ZH.Fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules：a clinical evaluation.Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi，2011，46：892-896.[Article in Chinese]

66.Friedrich-Rust M，Meyer G，Dauth N，et al.Interobserver Agreement of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System（TIRADS）and Strain Elastography for the Assessment of Thyroid Nodules.PLoSOne，2013，24：e77927.

67.王冬，高敬.甲状腺超声诊断研究进展.中华医学超声杂志（电子版），2013，10（02）：94-96.

68.张渊，江泉，陈剑，等.甲状腺癌实时超声造影增强特征与肿瘤大小的关系.中国医学影像技术，2012，28（01）：82-85.

69.曾敏霞，王燕，栾艳艳，等.超声造影对甲状腺实质性结节良恶性诊断价值的研究.中国超声医学杂志，2012，28（06）：497-500.

70.李逢生，韩琴芳，徐荣，等.超声造影在甲状腺乳头状癌诊断中的初步研究.中国超声医学杂志，2013，29（01）：1-3.

71.Bartolotta T，MidiriM，Galia M，et al.Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of solitary thyroid nodules with contrastenhanced ultrasound：initial results.Eur Radiol，2006，16（10）：2234-2241.

72.Ophir J，Cespedes I，Ponnekanti H，et al.Elastography：a quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues.Ultrason Imaging，1991，13（2）：13l-134.

73.Mallick UK.The Revised American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines2009 for Patientswith Differentiated Thyroid Cancer：an Evidence-Based Risk-Adapted Approach.Clinical Oncology，2010，22：472-474.

74.Moon HJ，Son E，Kim EK，et al.The diagnostic values of ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in subcentimeter-sized thyroid nodules.Annals of Surgical Oncology，2012，19：52-59.

75.Moon WJ，Baek JH，Jung SL，et al.Ultrasonography and the Ultrasound-Based Management of Thyroid Nodules：Consensus Statement and Recommendations.Korean Journal of Radiology，2010，12：1-14.

76.Wu M，Choi Y，Zhang Z，et al.Ultrasound guided FNA of thyroid performed by cytopathologists enhances Bethesda diagnostic value.Diagn Cytopathol，2016，44：787-791.

77.Mazzaferri EL，Sipos J，Mazzaferri EL，et al.Should all patientswith subcentimeter thyroid nodules undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsy and preoperative neck ultrasonography to define the extent of tumor invasion.Thyroid，2008，18：597-602.

78.Li F，Chen G，Sheng C，et al.BRAFV600E mutation in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma：a meta-analysis.Endocrinerelated cancer，2015，22：159-168.