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3.2 Nutritional Status
3.2.1 Malnutrition
3.2.1.1 Underweight malnutrition condition of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above
In 2012, the underweight malnutrition prevalence of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above was 6.0%: 5.9% and 6.0% for male and female respectively, with rural’s higher than urban’s; that of 18～44 age group was the highest, registering at 7.5%; and that of 45～59 and 60-years-and-above age-group residents were 2.5% and 6.1% respectively.
Compared with that in 2002, in 2012, the underweight malnutrition prevalence of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above witnessed an absolute reduction of 2.5%, and the rates of 18～44 age group in both urban and rural areas went up compared with those in 2002. Those of 45～59 and 60-years-and-above age groups fell drastically compared with that in 2002 (Fig. 3-5,Fig. 3-6).
Fig.3-5 Comparison of Underweight Malnutrition Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Residents Aged 18 Years and Above between 2002 and 2012
3.2.1.2 Malnutrition condition of children aged 6.17years
In 2012, the stunting prevalence of Chinese children aged 6～17 years was 3.2%: 3.6% and 2.8% for male and female respectively; 1.5% and 4.7% for urban and rural respectively. The wasting prevalence of children aged 6～17 years was 9.0%: 10.4% and 7.3% for male and female respectively; 7.8% and 10.0% for urban and rural respectively.
Compared with that in 2002, the stunting prevalence of Chinese children aged 6～17 years witnessed an absolute reduction of 3.1%: an absolute reduction of 1.7% and 4.4% for urban and rural respectively. The wasting prevalence of Chinese children aged 6～17 years witnessed an absolute reduction of 4.4%: an absolute reduction of 3.6% and 5.1% for urban and rural respectively. The stunting prevalence and wasting prevalence decrease ranges for rural were higher than those for urban (Fig. 3-7, Fig. 3-8).
Fig.3-6 Comparison of Underweight Malnutrition Prevalence of Different Age Groups of Chinese Urban/Rural Residents Aged 18 Years and Above between 2002 and 2012
Fig.3-7 Comparison of Stunting Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Residents Aged 6～17 Years between 2002 and 2012
3.2.1.3 Malnutrition condition of children aged below.6years
In 2013, the stunting prevalence of Chinese children aged below 6 years was 8.1%: 4.2%,11.3% and 19.0% for urban, rural and poor rural respectively; 8.7% and 7.4% for male and female respectively. Compared with 2002, the stunting prevalence of Chinese children aged below 6 years witnessed an absolute reduction of 8.2%: an absolute reduction of 3.0% and 12.5%for urban and rural respectively; an absolute reduction of 8.4% and 8.0% for male and female respectively; the stunting prevalence of different month-groups fell compared with that in 2002.The stunting prevalence of rural children remained higher than that of urban children, and that of poor rural children was the highest (Fig. 3-9, Fig. 3-10).
Fig.3-8 Comparison of Wasting Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Residents Aged 6～17 Years between 2002 and 2012
In 2013, the underweight prevalence of Chinese children aged below 6 years was 2.5%:1.7%,3.2% and 5.1% for urban, rural and poor rural respectively; 2.6% and 2.4% for male and female respectively. Compared with 2002, the underweight prevalence of Chinese children aged below 6 years witnessed an absolute reduction of 3.2%: an absolute reduction of 0.5% and 5.3% for urban and rural respectively; an absolute reduction of 3.3% and 3.0% respectively for male and female;the underweight prevalence of different month groups fell compared with those in 2002. The underweight prevalence of rural children remained higher than urban children, and that of poor rural children was the highest (Fig. 3-11, Fig. 3-12).
Fig.3-9 The Stunting Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Children Aged below 6 Years in 2013
Fig.3-10 Comparison of the Stunting Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Children Aged below 6 Years between 2002 and 2013
Fig.3-11 The Underweight Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Children Aged below 6 Years in 2013
In 2013, the wasting prevalence of Chinese children aged below 6 years was 2.0%:1.5%,2.4% and 2.7% for urban, rural and poor rural respectively; 2.0% for both male and female respectively. Generally, the wasting prevalence of Chinese children aged below 6 years was at a low level.
In 2013, Chinese infants’ LBW prevalence was 3.3%: 3.8%, and 2.8% for urban and rural respectively; 3.1% and 3.5% for male and female respectively. Compared with that in 2002,Chinese infants’ LBW prevalence witnessed an absolute reduction of 0.3%.
Fig.3-12 Comparison of Underweight Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Children Aged below 6 Years between 2002 and 2013
3.2.2 Anemia
In 2012, the anemia prevalence of Chinese residents aged 6 years and above was 9.7%:9.7% for both urban and rural; 7.0% and 12.6% for male and female respectively. The anemia prevalence of 6～11-age-group children was 5.0%; 8.0% for12～17-age-group adolescents; 10.2%for 18～44-age-group adults; and 12.6% for old people aged 60 years and above, 12.5% and 12.6% for urban and rural respectively, 12.7% and 12.4% for male and female respectively.
Compared with that in 2002, the anemia prevalence of Chinese residents aged 6 years and above witnessed an absolute reduction of 10.4%: an absolute reduction of 8.5% and 11.1% for urban and rural respectively; an absolute reduction of 8.8% and 10.7% for male and female respectively. That of 6～11-year age children witnessed an absolute reduction of 7.1%: an absolute reduction of 4.2% and 8.2% for urban and rural respectively; that of old people aged 60 years and above witnessed an absolute reduction of 16.5%: an absolute reduction of 7.1% and 19.0%for urban and rural respectively (Fig. 3-13).
In 2013, the anemia prevalence of Chinese children aged below 6 years was 11.6%: 10.6%,12.4% and 16.6% for urban, rural and poor rural respectively; 12.0% and 11.1% for male and female respectively. Those of 0～, 6～, 12～, 24～, 36～, 48～, 60～71.9 month groups were 23.4%,28.5%, 15.7%, 8.0%, 6.3%, 4.4% and 10.4% respectively (Fig. 3-14).
Compared with that in 2002, the anemia prevalence of Chinese children in each month group of children aged below 6 years declined to some extent, among which the prevalence of 12～, 24～ month groups showed a larger decline, and the 12～ month group witnessed an absolute reduction of 12.3%: an absolute reduction of 10.8% and 12.6% for urban and rural respectively;the 24～ month group witnessed an absolute reduction of 9.2%: an absolute reduction of 5.7% and 10.2% for urban and rural respectively (Fig. 3-15).
Fig.3-13 Comparison of Anemia Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Residents Aged 6 Years and Above between 2002 and 2012
Fig.3-14 Comparison of Anemia Prevalence of Different Month Groups of Chinese Urban/Rural Children Aged below 6 Years in 2013
Fig.3-15 Comparison of Anemia Prevalence of Different Month Groups of Chinese Children between 2002 and 2013
In 2013, the anemia prevalence of lactating women was 9.3% nationwide. The anemia prevalence was 7.9%, 10.2% and 14.4% for urban, rural and poor rural areas, respectively.Compared with that in 2002, the anemia prevalence of lactating women witnessed an absolute reduction of 21.4% (Fig. 3-16).
Fig.3-16 Comparison of Anemia Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Lactating Women between 2002 and 2013
In 2012, the anemia prevalence of pregnant women was 17.2% nationwide. The anemia prevalence was 17.0% and 17.5% for urban and rural areas, respectively. Compared with that in 2002, the anemia prevalence of pregnant women witnessed an absolute reduction of 11.7%(Fig. 3-17).
Fig.3-17 Comparison of Anemia Prevalence of Chinese Pregnant Women in Urban/Rural Areas between 2002 and 2012
3.2.3 Overweight and obesity
3.2.3.1 Overweight and obesity condition of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above
According to Chinese standard, in 2012, the overweight and obesity prevalence of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above was 30.1% and 11.9%, male’s was higher than female’s; and the overweight and obesity prevalence of urban male and female were both higher than rural residents. According to the WHO standard, the overweight and obesity prevalence of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above were 27.1% and 5.2%.
Compared with those in 2002, the overweight and obesity prevalence of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above respectively witnessed an absolute increase of 7.3% and 4.8% (Fig. 3-18,Fig. 3-19).
Fig.3-18 Comparison of Overweight Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Residents Aged 18 Years and above between 2002 and 2012 (Chinese standard)
Fig.3-19 Comparison of Obesity Prevalence of Chinese Urban/Rural Residents Aged 18 Years and above between 2002 and 2012 (Chinese standard)
3.2.3.2 Overweight and obesity condition of children aged 6.17years
In 2012, the overweight and obesity prevalence of Chinese children aged 6～17 years were 9.6% and 6.4% respectively: 10.9% and 7.8% for male, 8.2% and 4.8% for female respectively,with which of urban higher than that of rural.
Compared with those in 2002, the overweight and obesity prevalence of Chinese children aged 7～17 years witnessed an absolute increase of 5.1% and 4.1%: an absolute increase of 2.4%and 3.1% for urban, and an absolute increase of 5.1% and 3.6% for rural.
3.2.3.3 Overweight and obesity condition of children aged below.6years
In 2013, the overweight prevalence of Chinese children aged below 6 years was 8.4%: 8.4%for both urban and rural children; 9.4% and 7.2% for male and female respectively. Compared with that in 2002, the overweight prevalence of Chinese children aged below 6 years witnessed an absolute increase of 1.9%: an absolute increase of 0.7% and 2.9% for urban and rural respectively,; an absolute increase of 2.1% and 1.7% for male and female respectively.
In 2013, the obesity prevalence of children aged below 6 years was 3.1%: 3.3% and 2.9%for urban and rural children; 3.6% and 2.5% for male and female children. Compared with that in 2002, national total obesity prevalence witnessed an absolute increase of 0.4%; an absolute increase of 0.6% and 0.2% for urban and rural respectively; an absolute increase of 0.6% and 0.3%for male and female respectively.