In 2012, the average heights of male and female residents aged 18 years and above were 167.1cm and 155.8cm respectively; among which urban male and female residents were 168.0cm and 156.7cm, and rural male and female residents were 166.2cm and 154.9cm; all were higher than those of 2002. The average weight of male and female residents aged 18 years and above were 66.2kg and 57.3kg respectively; among which urban male and female residents were 68.0kg and 58.2kg and rural male and female residents were 64.3kg and 56.3kg, showing an increasing trend in comparison with that of 2002 where the growth rate in rural areas was higher than that of urban areas.

Compared with 2002, both the height and weight of children and adolescents aged 6～17 years in Chinese urban and rural areas increased, among which, the height and weight of urban adolescent boys and girls increased by 2.3cm and 1.8cm, 3.6kg and 2.1kg on average respectively, while those of rural adolescent boys and girls increased by 4.1cm and 3.5cm, 4.7kg and 3.4kg respectively, showing a higher increase rate of rural areas than that of urban areas.

In 2013, the height and weight of boys aged below 6 years were higher than those of girls of the same age group, with urban’s higher than rural’s, among which, those of children in poor rural areas were the lowest. Compared with 2002, both the height and weight of children aged below 6 years in urban and rural areas were increased in general, with a higher increase rates in rural areas than those in urban areas.

In 2012, the prevalence of underweight malnutrition among Chinese residents aged 18 years and above was 6.0%, with an absolute reduction of 2.5% since 2002. The stunting prevalence and wasting prevalence of children and adolescents aged 6～17 years were 3.2% and 9.0%respectively, with an absolute reduction of 3.1% and 4.4% since 2002.

Compared with 16.3% in 2002, the stunting prevalence of children aged below 6 years in 2013 was 8.1%: 4.2%, 11.3% and 19.0% for urban, rural and poor rural; the underweight prevalence was 2.5%: 1.7%, 3.2% and 5.1% for urban, rural and poor rural; the wasting prevalence was 2.0%: 1.5%, 2.4% and 2.7% for urban, rural and poor rural. On the whole, poor rural areas have the highest prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting among children aged below 6 years.

The low birth weight (LBW) prevalence of Chinese infants in 2013 was 3.3%, lower than that of 2002 (3.6%).

The prevalence of anemia among residents aged 6 years and above in 2012 was 9.7%,compared with 21.1% in 2002, among which, those of urban and rural residents of the same group were both 9.7%, with an absolute reduction of 8.5% and 11.1% respectively; those of male and female of the same group were 7.0% and 12.6% respectively. That of children aged between 6-11 years was 5.0%, with an absolute reduction of 7.1%; that of children aged between 12-17 was 8.0%; that of pregnant women was 17.2%, with an absolute reduction of 11.7%; that of breast feeding mothers was 9.3%, with an absolute reduction of 21.4%; and that of the elderly aged 60 years and above was 12.6%, with an absolute reduction of 16.5%.

The anemia prevalence of children aged below 6 years in 2013 was 11.6%: 10.6%, 12.4%and 16.6% for urban, rural and poor rural. Those of boys and girls were 12.0% and 11.1%respectively. Among children of different month age, those of 6～11 months had the highest anemia prevalence (28.5%). And those of children of different months and aged below 6 years were signif cantly decreased in comparison with those of 2002.

In 2012, the overweight and obesity prevalence of residents aged 18 years and above were 30.1% and 11.9% respectively, compared with 22.8% and 7.1% in 2002; among which, those of children and adolescents aged between 6～17 years were 9.6% and 6.4% respectively, with an absolute increase of 5.1% and 4.1%. In 2013, those of children aged below 6 years were 8.4%and 3.1% respectively, with an absolute increase of 1.9% and 0.4%. In general, that of male was higher than that of female, and that of urban areas was higher than that of rural areas. On the whole, the overweight and obesity prevalence were both on the rise in China.

2.3.1 The mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above in 2012 was 129mmHg: 129mmHg for both urban and rural; 130mmHg and 127mmHg for male and female respectively. The mean diastolic blood pressure (MDBP) was 76mmHg:76mmHg for both urban and rural; 78mmHg and 75mmHg for male and female respectively.Compared to 2002, both MSBP and MDBP showed an increase tendency.

2.3.2 The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above in 2012 was 5.6mmol/L: 5.7mmol/L and 5.5mmol/L for urban and rural respectively; 5.6mmol/L and 5.5mmol/L for males and females respectively, all of which were higher than those of 2002.

2.3.3 The serum total cholesterol of Chinese residents aged 18 years and above in 2012 was 4.50mmol/L: 4.58mmol/L and 4.41mmol/L for urban and rural respectively; and 4.50mmol/L for both male and female. The serum triglyceride was 1.38mmol/L: 1.42mmol/L and 1.33mmol/L for urban and rural respectively; 1.51mmol/L and 1.25mmol/L for male and female respectively.The high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 1.19mmol/L: 1.19mmol/L and 1.18mmol/L for urban and rural respectively; 1.14 mmol/L and 1.23mmol/L for male and female respectively.Compared with 2002, the average serum total cholesterol increased by 0.69mmol/L; the average serum triglyceride increased by 0.28mmol/L; while the average HDL-C decreased by 0.11mmol/L.