2.2 工程地质条件 Engineering geological conditions
(1)地形、地貌 Topography and geomorphy
地形 topography
地貌 geomorphy,landform
地貌类型 geomorphic type
大陆 continent
山系 mountain system
山脉 mountain range
山地 mountain region(area)
山坡 mountain slope,hillside
山麓 mountain foot
垭口 saddle back
山口 mountain pass
山谷 valley
丘陵 hill
高原 plateau
高地 highland
平原 plain
准平原 peneplain
残丘 inselberg
盆地 basin
洼地 depression
山间盆地 intermontane basin
河谷 river valley
峡谷 canyon,gorge
纵谷 longitudinal valley
横谷 transverse valley
斜向谷 insequent valley
平直河道 straight channel
蜿蜒河道 meandering channel
多叉河道 braided channel
U形谷 U-shaped valley
V形谷 V-shaped valley
凸岸 convex bank
凹岸 concave bank
河湾 river bend
开阔地 open terrain,open ground
坡度 gradient,slope
缓坡 gentle slope,flat slope
陡坡 steep slope,abrupt slope
悬崖 cliff,scarp
凹槽 trough
凹坡 concave slope
凹凸形 concavo-convex
凹陷 hollow
分水岭 water divide,watershed
阶地,台地 terrace
侵蚀阶地 erosional terrace
堆积阶地 constructional terrace
基座阶地 bedrock seated terrace
埋藏阶地 buried terrace
新近纪湖积台地 neogene lacustrine deposit platform
湖积平原 lacustrine plain
牛轭湖 ox-bow lake
三角洲 delta
洪泛平原 floodplain
堆积平原 accumulation plain
剥蚀平原 denudation plain
陆相剥蚀平原 plain of subaerial denudation
侵蚀平原 erosion plain
冲积平原 alluvial plain
冲积扇 alluvial fan
洪积扇 diluvial fan,proluvial fan
坡积裙 talus fan
冲沟 gully
坳沟 shallow flat ravine
冰川地形 glacial landform
冰斗 glacial cirque
冰川谷 glacier valley
悬谷 hanging valley
冰碛阶地 glacial drift terrace
冰冻隆起 frost upheaval
翻浆 frost boiling
磨蚀 abrasion
磨圆碎屑 rounded fragment
风成地貌 eolian landform
黄土高原 loess plateau
黄土梁 loess ridge
黄土峁 loess hill
黄土塬 loess tableland
黄土坪 loess terrace
落水洞 sinkhole
雅丹地貌 Yardang landform
风蚀残丘 eolian monadnock
风蚀壁龛 tafone
蘑菇石 mushroom stone
沙漠 desert
戈壁 gobi,stone desert
侵蚀及剥蚀地貌单元 erosional and denudational geomorphic unit
剥夷面(夷平面) planation surface
剥蚀 abrasion,denudation
剥蚀面 denudation plane
侵蚀基准面 erosion basis,base level of erosion
古地理学 paleogeography
古地下水 fossil groundwater,paleo-groundwater
古河槽 old channel,buried channel
古河道 ancient river course,paleochannel
古滑坡 ancient landslide,old landslide
古岩溶 ancient karst
古代冰川作用 ancient glaciation
(2)岩土与矿物 Rock,soil and minerals
岩性学 lithology
第四系沉积物 Quaternary sediment(deposit)
成土母岩 soil-forming rock
成岩作用 diagenesis
成因分类 genetic classification
成因分析 genetic analysis
内因 internal cause
内营力 endogenetic agent
外营力 exogenic agent
成因类型 genetic type
堆积 accumulation
冲积 alluvium
洪积 diluvium
坡积 slope wash
残积 eluvium
冰碛 glacial drift
冰水堆积体 outwash deposit
冰川沉积,冰积层 glacial deposit
风积物 eolian deposit
湖积物 lacustrine deposit
滑坡堆积 landslide deposit
碎屑沉积 clastic sediment
人工堆积 artificial deposit
堆积体 accumulation body
土石混合体 soil-rock mixture
表土 regolith,top soil
孤石 lonestone
漂石(漂砾) erratic boulder
块石 rock block
卵石 cobble,pebble
砾石 gravel
粗砾 coarse gravel
中砾 medium gravel
细砾 fine gravel
砂 sand
粗砂 coarse sand
中砂 medium sand
细砂 fine sand
粉砂(粉土) silt
碎石土 debris soil
砾质土 gravelly soil
粗砾质土,卵石土 cobble soil
壤土 loam
砂壤土 sandy loam
砂性土 sandy soil
黏土 clay
黏性土 cohesive soil,clayey soil
无黏性土 cohesionless soil
砂质黏土 sandy clay
分散性黏土 dispersive clay
红黏土 laterite
有机质土 organic soil
淤泥 mud
淤泥质黏土 muddy clay
冰碛土 moraine soil
冻土 frozen soil
黄土 loess
湿陷性黄土 collapsible loess
自重湿陷性黄土 self weight collapsible loess
非自重湿陷性黄土 non-weight collapsible loess
非湿陷性黄土 non collapsible loess
膨胀土 swelling soil,expansive soil
敏感性土 sensitive soil
人工填土 backfilled soil
颗粒形状 particle shape
棱角状 angular
次棱角状 subangular
次圆状 subrounded
圆状 rounded
扁平状 flat
长条状 elongated
沉积岩 sedimentary rock
岩相 lithofacies
陆相 continental facies
陆相红层 red bed of continental facies
海相 marine facies
海相碎屑岩 clastic rocks of marine facies
浅海相 neritic facies,shallow sea facies
滨海相 littoral facies
湖相 lacustrine facies,lake facies
泻湖相 lagoon facies
河相 fluvial facies
冰水沉积 glaciofluvial deposit
煤层 coal seam
蒸发岩 evaporite
砾岩 conglomerate
角砾岩 breccia
底砾岩 basal conglomerate
砂砾岩 sandy conglomerate
砂岩 sandstone
杂砂岩,硬砂岩 greywacke
石英砂岩 quartz sandstone
长石砂岩 arkose,feldspathic sandstone
铁质砂岩 ferruginous sandstone
岩屑砂岩 lithite
砾砂岩 conglomeratic sandstone
粉砂岩 siltstone
黏土质砂岩 argillaceous sandstone
黏土岩 clay stone(rock)
泥岩 mudstone
粉砂质泥岩 silt mudstone
页岩 shale
黏土页岩 clay shale
炭质页岩 carbonaceous shale
油页岩 kerogen shale(oil shale)
铝土页岩 bauxitic shale
灰岩,石灰岩 limestone
鲕状灰岩 oolitic limestone
粒状灰岩 granular limestone
板状灰岩 platy limestone
泥质灰岩 argillaceous limestone
结晶灰岩 crystalline limestone
致密灰岩 compact limestone
生物碎屑灰岩 bioclastic limestone
白云质灰岩 dolomitic limestone
竹叶状灰岩 wormkalk
泥灰岩 marl
斑脱土(岩),膨润土 bentonite
胶结 cement
硅质胶结 siliceous cement
钙质胶结 calcareous cement
泥质胶结 argillaceous cement
钙质结核 caliche nodule,calcareous concretion
扁豆体,透镜体 lenticle
变质岩 metamorphic rock
浅变质岩 epimetamorphic rock
深变质岩 katametamorphic rock
正变质岩 orthometamorphite,ortho-rock
副变质岩 parametamorphite
叶理化变质岩 foliated metamorphic rock
板岩 slate
千枚岩 phyllite
片岩 schist
云母片岩 mica schist
滑石片岩 talc schist
角闪石片岩 amphibole schist
绿岩(绿闪石片岩) noricite
片麻岩 gneiss
流纹片麻岩 rhyolite-gneiss
花岗片麻岩 granite-gneiss
斜长片麻岩 plagio-gneiss
混合岩 migmatite
混合岩化 migmatization
块状变质岩 massive metamorphic rock
大理岩 marble
钙质白云石大理岩 calc-dolomite marble
石英岩 quartzite
变质砂岩 metasandstone
变质砾岩 metaconglomerate
变质泥岩 metapelite
角岩 hornfels
麻粒岩 granulite
角闪岩 amphibolite
粗面岩 trachyte
粗玄岩 dolerite
构造岩 tectonite
构造角砾岩 tectonic breccia
破碎角砾岩 cataclastic breccia
碎裂岩 cataclasite
挤压片状岩 sliced rock
糜棱岩 mylonite
千糜岩 phyllonite
断层泥 fault gouge,fault clay
火成岩,岩浆岩 igneous rock
岩浆 magma
酸性岩 acid rock
伟晶岩 pegmatite
花岗岩 granite
花岗伟晶岩 granite-pegmatite
花岗斑岩 granite-porphyry
细晶岩 aplite
流纹岩 rhyolite,liparite
中性岩 intermediate rock
闪长岩 diorite
花岗闪长岩 granodiorite
煌斑岩 lamprophyre
正长岩 syenite(sinaite)
二长岩 monzonite
玢岩 porphyrite
安山岩 andesite
英安岩 dacite,quartz andesite
基性岩 basic rock
辉长岩 gabbro
辉绿岩 diabase,dolerite
玄武岩 basalt
响岩 phonolite
超基性岩 ultra-basic rock
辉岩 pyroxenite
橄榄岩 peridotite,olivinite
蛇纹岩 serpenite
深成岩 plutonic
岩床 sill
岩盘 laccolith
岩株 stock
岩脉 vein,dike
石英脉 quartz vein
伟晶岩脉 pegmatite vein
细晶岩脉 aplite vein
绿帘石脉 epidote vein
方解石脉 calcite vein
煌斑岩脉 lamprophyre vein
基质 matrix
母岩 host rock
脉岩 vein rock,dyke rock
捕虏体 xenolith
斑岩 porphyry
火山岩 volcanic rock
喷出岩 extrusive rock,eruptive rock
中酸性喷发岩 intermediate acidic eruptive rock
火山角砾岩 volcanic breccia
火山碎屑岩 pyroclastic rock
凝灰岩 tuff
暗色矿物 dark mineral
亮色矿物 light mineral
伴生矿物 associated mineral
次生矿物 secondary mineral
软弱矿物 soft mineral
蚀变矿物 altered mineral
暗褐黄色 dark brownish yellow
亮灰绿色 light grayish green
玻璃光泽 vitreous luster
珍珠光泽 pearly luster
油脂光泽 greasy luster
金属光泽 metallic luster
滑石 talc
叶蜡石 pyrophyllite
蒙脱石 montmorillonite
蛭石 vermiculite
高岭石 kaolinitic
水云母 hydromica
石墨 graphite
褐铁矿 limonite
石膏 gypsum
绿泥石 chlorite
岩盐 halite
黑云母 biotite
白云母 muscovite
蛇纹石 serpentine
方解石 calcite
硬石膏 anhydrite
重晶石 barytes
白云石(岩) dolomite
黄铜矿 chalcopyrite
萤石 fluorite
磷灰石 apatite
角闪石 hornblende
辉石 augite
蛋白石 opal
阳起石 actinolite
白榴石 leucite
磁铁矿 magnetite
赤铁矿 hematite
透长石 sinidine
正长石 orthoclase
斜长石 plagioclase
黄铁矿 pyrite
绿帘石 epidote
石英 quartz
电气石 tourmaline
红柱石 andalusite
黄玉 topaz
刚玉 corundum
金刚石 diamond
伊利石 illite glimmerton
(3)岩石结构与构造 Texture and structure of rock
结晶质 crystalline substance
非晶质 amorphous substance
硬度 hardness
解理 cleavage
断口 fracture
贝壳状断口 conchoidal fracture
结构 texture
斑状结构 porphyritic texture
带状结构 banded texture
等粒结构 granulitic texture
多孔结构 hiatal texture
非均匀结构 heterogeneous texture
角砾结构 brecciated texture
碎屑结构 clastic texture
砂质结构 arenaceous texture
黏土质结构 argillaceous texture
泥质结构 pelitic texture
生物结构 biogenetic texture
粒状结构 granular texture
流状结构 fluidal texture
糜棱结构 mylonitic texture
微晶结构 microlitic texture
粗晶结构 coarsely-crystalline texture
粗粒结构 coarse grained texture
斑晶结构 phenocryst texture
晶孔 vugular pore
显晶质结构 phanerocrystalline texture
隐晶质结构 cryptocrystalline texture
玻璃质结构 vitreous texture
包体结构 inclusion texture
变余结构 palimpsest texture
变晶结构 crystalloblastic texture
板状构造 tabular structure,platy structure
千枚状构造 phyllitic structure
片状构造 schistose structure
片麻状构造 gneissic structure
带状构造 banded structure
眼球状构造 augen structure
块状构造 massive structure
流纹状构造 rhyotaxitic structure
气孔状构造 vesicular structure
杏仁状构造 amygdaloidal structure
柱状构造 columnar structure
沉积层理构造 sedimentary bedding structure
相变 facies transformation
岩层 rock formation,rock stratum
岩层产状 stratum orientation,attitude of bed
岩层倾角 stratum dip
岩层走向 stratum strike
岩层间断 stratum gap
岩层交互 beds alternation
标志层 marker bed
标准层 index bed,guide bed
标准化石 guide fossil,index fossil
层面(层理面) bedding plane
层理 bedding,stratification
交错层理 cross bedding
水平层理 horizontal bedding
波状层理 wave bedding
透镜体 lens
尖灭 wedge out
错动层面 faulted bedding plane
整合 conformity
不整合 unconformity
角度不整合 angular unconformity
假整合 disconformity
夹层 interlayer,intercalation
泥化夹层 argillized seam
软弱夹层 weak interlayer
黏土夹层 clay seam
互层 alternating layers,interbedded layers
(4)地质构造 Geological structure
褶皱 fold
褶皱作用 folding
褶皱带 fold zone,fold belt
褶皱脊 fold hinge
褶皱轴 fold axis
褶皱翼 fold limb
平卧褶皱 recumbent fold
倒转褶皱 overturned fold
倾覆褶皱 plunging fold
直立褶皱 upright fold,erect fold
锯齿状褶皱 zigzag fold
短轴褶皱 brachy-axis fold
弯曲褶皱 buckled fold
扭曲褶皱 contorted fold
拖曳褶皱 drag fold
闭合褶皱 closed fold
向斜 syncline
背斜 anticline
复背斜 anticlinorium
复向斜 synclinorium
倒转背斜 overturned anticline
倾伏背斜 plunging anticline
单斜构造 uniclinal structure
构造穹窿 structural dome
构造盆地 structural basin
挠曲 bending fold
揉皱 crumple
断层 fault
正断层,下落断层 downthrown fault,normal fault
张性断层 tension fault
逆断层,上冲断层 upthrown fault,thrust fault
逆掩断层 overthrust fault
剪切断层 shear fault
剪切带 shear zone
韧性剪切带 ductile shear zone
平移(走滑)断层 displacement fault,strike-slip fault
左旋扭动 left lateral wrench
左旋走滑活动 left lateral strike-slip activity
右旋走滑位错 right lateral slip offset
层间错动带 interlayer shear zone
共轭断层 conjugated fault
雁列断层 en echelon fault
叠瓦断层 imbricate fault
顺河断层 fault stretching along river
隐伏断层 buried fault
断层擦痕 slickenside,fault striation
断层擦沟 fault striae
断层破碎带 fault fractured zone
断层影响带 fault influenced zone
挤压片理和劈理带 compression schistosity and cleavage zone
断层交会带 fault intersection zone
层间挤压面(带) crushed bedding plane(zone)
构造挤压带 crushed zone of structure
擦痕面 slickenside
脆性断裂 brittle fracture
脆性破坏 brittle failure
错位 dislocation,malposition
节理,裂隙 joint
原生节理 primary joint
纵节理 longitudinal joint
横节理 cross joint
层节理 bedded joint
柱状节理 columnar joint
构造裂隙(节理) tectonic joint
张裂隙(节理) tension joint
剪裂隙(节理) shear joint
共轭裂隙(节理) conjugate joints
层面裂隙,顺层节理 bedding joint
层间(层内)节理 intraformational joint
羽状节理 feather joint
羽状张节理 pinnate tension joint
羽状剪节理 pinnate shear joint
次生节理 secondary joint
风化裂隙 weathering fissure
微裂缝,微裂隙 microfissure
张裂缝 tension crack
张开的节理 fissure
节理系 joint system
节理组 joint set
节理密集带 densely jointed belt,joint-concentrated zone
节理连通率 joint persistence ratio
节理频数 joint frequency
裂缝充填物 fissure filling,crack filling
裂缝愈合 crack healing
裂缝开度 crack aperture
产状 orientation,attitude
方位角 azimuth angle
方向角 direction angle
走向 strike
倾向 dip direction
倾角 dip
真倾角 actual dip
视倾角(假倾角) apparent dip
缓倾角 low-angle dip
交线 line of intersection
倾伏角 plunge
倾伏方向 trend
开度 aperture,separation
闭合 closed
微张 slightly open
张开 open
壁面 wall surface
钙质薄膜 calcium coated
铁质浸染 iron disseminated,ferruginous imbueing
铁锰质浸染 iron-manganese disseminated
起伏度 fluctuation,waviness
粗糙度 roughness,asperity
平直的 planar
起伏的 undulating
有台坎的 stepped
有擦痕的 slickensided
镜面的 mirror,polished
光滑的 smooth
粗糙的 rough
充填物 infilling,filling
节理充填物 joint filling
石英脉充填 quartz vein infilled
方解石充填 calcite infilled
黏土充填 clay infilled
泥质物充填 argillaceous infilled
斜距 oblique distance
劈理 cleavage
流劈理 flow cleavage
板劈理 slaty cleavage
破劈理 fracture cleavage
折劈理 crenulation cleavage
滑劈理 slip cleavage
错动劈理,应变滑劈理 strain-slip cleavage
层面劈理 bedding cleavage
轴面劈理 axial plane cleavage
线理 lineation
(5)岩体结构 Rock mass structure
节理岩体 jointed rock mass
整体结构 integral structure
完整岩体 intact rock
层状岩体 stratified rock
节理中等发育岩体 moderately jointed rock
块状破裂岩体 blocky and seamy rock
受挤压岩体 squeezing rock
膨胀岩体 swelling rock
块状结构 massive structure,blocky structure
次块状结构 sub-massive structure,sub-blocky structure
层状结构 stratified structure,bedding structure
巨厚层状结构 giant-thick layer structure
厚层状结构 thick layer structure
中厚层状结构 moderately thick layer structure
互层状结构 alternately bedded structure
薄层状结构 thin layer structure
镶嵌结构 interlocked structure,mosaic structure
块裂结构 blocky-fractured structure
碎裂结构 cataclastic structure,disintegrated structure
散体结构 loose granular structure,cohesionless granular structure
碎块状结构 clastic structure
碎屑状结构 fragmental structure
结构面 structural plane,discontinuity
硬性结构面 rigid structural plane
软弱结构面 soft(weak)structural plane
平直结构面 planar structural plane
波状结构面 undulating structural plane
台阶结构面 stepped structural plane
贯通结构面 penetrating(through)structural plane
压性结构面 compressive structural plane
张性结构面 tensile structural plane
扭性结构面 torsion structural plane
拉裂面 pulling apart plane
切割面 cutting plane
临空面 free face
结构体 structural mass,structural body
结构面分级 grading of structural plane
(6)水文地质 Hydrogeology
地下水 ground water
透水层 permeable layer
含水层 aquifer
隔水层 aquifuge
相对隔水层 relative watertight layer
阻水层 aquiclude
包气带 aeration zone
毛细水 capillary water
毛细管带 zone of capillarity
上层滞水 perch groundwater
潜水 phreatic water
孔隙潜水 pore groundwater
孔隙水 pore water
裂隙水 fissure water
脉状水 veinwater
裂隙潜水 fissure groundwater
潜水位,地下水位 water table,groundwater table
承压水 confined water,artesian water
承压地层 confining stratum
隔水底层 confining underlying bed
隔水顶层 confining overlying bed
裂隙承压水 fissure artesian groundwater
承压水流 confined flow
承压水头 confined water head,artesian head
自流盆地 artesian basin
地下热水 hot groundwater
温泉 hot spring
钙华 calc-sinter
硫磺华 sulphur-sinter
硫化氢 hydrothion
矿化水 mineral water
岩溶水 karst water
泉 spring
下降泉 depression spring,gravity spring
上升泉 ascending spring
自流泉 artesian spring
喷泉 fountain
间歇喷泉 geyser
地下水排泄区 discharge area of ground water
地下水位坡降 gradient of water table
水质 water quality
水化学分析 hydro-chemical analysis
水样 water sample
水样简分析 simplified analysis of water sample
水样全分析 total analysis of water sample
阴离子 anion
阳离子 cation
离子毫克数 milligram value of ion
离子毫克当量 milligram equivalent of ion
矿化度 mineralization,salinity
总矿化度 total salinity
总硬度 total hardness
溶解固形物 dissolved solid matter
不溶解固形物 indissolved solid matter
酸度 acidity
酸碱度(pH) acidity-alkalinity,power of hydrogen(pH value)
侵蚀二氧化碳 corrosive carbon dioxide
游离二氧化碳 free carbon dioxide
游离氧化钙 free calcium oxide
酸性水 acidic water
碱性水 alkaline water
可饮用水 potable water
微矿化水 slightly mineralized water
侵蚀性水 aggressive water
腐蚀性水 corrosive water
无腐蚀 non-corrosive
弱腐蚀 weakly corrosive
中等腐蚀 moderately corrosive
强腐蚀 highly corrosive
腐蚀类型 corrosion types
分解型腐蚀 decomposing corrosion
溶出型腐蚀 dissolving corrosion
酸型腐蚀 acid corrosion
碳酸型腐蚀 carbonic acid corrosion
分解结晶复合型腐蚀 decomposing-crystalline compound corrosion
硫酸镁型腐蚀 magnesium sulfate corrosion
结晶型腐蚀 crystalline corrosion
硫酸盐腐蚀 sulfates corrosion
微矿化水型腐蚀 corrosion by slightly mineralized water
渗流 seepage
导水系数 transmissivity
等时水位线 isochrone
等水压线 isopiestic line
渗径 seepage path
防渗,渗流控制 seepage control,seepage prevention
渗流模型 seepage model
渗流区 seepage area,vadose region
渗流速度 seepage velocity
渗流网 seepage flow net
渗流压力 seepage pressure
渗漏 leakage
渗漏量 leakage quantity
渗漏流量 leakage discharge
渗滤 percolation
入渗 infiltration
渗入 influent seepage
渗透 seepage,permeation
渗透量 seepage quantity
渗流量 seepage flow
渗透坡降 seepage gradient
渗透扬压力 seepage uplift
渗透剖面 seepage profile,permeability profile
渗透速度 seepage velocity
渗透性 permeability
渗透系数 permeability coefficient
透水率 permeable rate
吕荣值 Lugeon value
单位吸水量 specific water absorption
岩土渗透性分级 classification of permeability of rocks(soils)
极微透水 very slightly pervious
微透水 slightly pervious
弱透水 weakly pervious
中等透水 moderately pervious
强透水 strongly pervious
极强透水 very strongly pervious
压力传导系数 pressure conductivity coefficient
渗透力 seepage force
渗透变形 seepage deformation
临界水力坡降 critical hydraulic gradient
出逸坡降 exit gradient
渗出物 exudation
反滤层 filter
饱和土 saturated soil
不饱和土 unsaturated soil
孔隙水压力 pore pressure
超孔隙水压力 excess pore pressure
水文地质试验 hydrogeological test
渗透试验 permeability test
压水试验 water pressure test,Lugeon test
高压压水试验 high pressure water test
稳定水位 steady water level
管路压力损失 pressure loss of tube
压力-时间曲线 plot of pressure versus time
层流 laminar flow
紊流 turbulent flow
裂隙膨胀与压缩 joint dilation and contraction
注水试验 injection test
抽水试验 pumping test
单孔抽水试验 single well pumping test
多孔抽水试验 multiple well pumping test
稳定流抽水试验 steady-flow pumping test
非稳定流抽水试验 unsteady-flow pumping test
变水头渗透试验 variable head permeability test
完整孔 completely penetrating well
非完整孔 partially penetrating well
动水位 dynamic water level
抽水孔 pumping well
观测孔 observation well
降落漏斗 depression cone
影响半径 influence radius
水位降深 drawdown
导水率 transmissibility
释水系数 storage coefficient
给水度 specific yield
示踪试验 tracing test
示踪同位素 tracer isotope
荧光示踪剂 fluorescent tracer
放射性示踪剂 radioactive tracer,radioindicator
示踪元素 tracer element
指示剂法 tracer method
连通试验 hydraulic connectivity test
水温观测 observation of water temperature
水污染 water pollution
水压计 hydraulic gauge
(7)物理地质现象 Physicogeological phenomenon
风化与蚀变 weathering and alteration
风化 weathering
风化壳 weathering crust
囊状风化 scrotiform weathering
蜂窝状风化 honeycomb weathering
间层风化 interstratified weathering
球状风化 spheroidal weathering
物理风化 physical weathering
化学风化 chemical weathering
风化带 zone of weathering,weathered zone
风化程度 weathering degree
残积土 residual soil
全风化 completely weathered
强风化 highly weathered
弱风化,中风化 moderately weathered
微风化 slightly weathered
新鲜 fresh
崩解(崩解性) disintegration
风化分解 decomposition weathering
风化破碎 disintegration weathering
松散岩体 loosed rock mass,broken rock mass
蚀变 alteration
物理蚀变 physical alteration
化学蚀变 chemical alteration
热液蚀变 hydrothermal alteration
蚀变带 altered zone
可溶性 solubility,dissolubility
可压缩层 compressible stratum
卸荷,应力释放 stress release(relief)
卸荷裂隙 stress release fissure
卸荷岩体 relaxed rock mass
强卸荷 highly relaxed
弱卸荷 weakly relaxed
深卸荷带 deep relaxed zone
松动岩体 loosened rock mass
蠕变 creep
蠕变岩体 creeping rock mass
危岩 dangerous rock,unstable rock
地面沉降 ground subsidence
地质灾害 geological disaster
崩塌 collapse,avalanche
剥落 spalling,exfoliation
散落 ravelling
岩崩 rockfall
冰崩 ice avalanche
塌陷 caving
倾倒 toppling
溃屈 buckling
坐落 slumping
滑坡 landslide
平面滑动 planar slide
圆弧滑动 circular slide
楔体滑动 wedge slide
蠕滑 creeping slide
顺层滑动 slide along bedding plane
切层滑动 slide cutting bedding plane
推移型滑坡 landslide of pushing type
牵引型滑坡 landslide of dragging type
平移型滑坡 horizontal-moving landslide
顺层滑坡 consequent landslide
切层滑坡 insequent landslide
滑坡舌 slip tongue
滑坡体 slip mass
滑坡基座 slip foundation
滑坡壁 slip cliff,landslide main scarp
滑坡堆积体 landslide deposit
滑坡洼地 landslide graben
滑坡鼓丘 landslide bulge
滑坡剪出口 toe of sliding surface
滑坡裂缝 landslide fracture
滑坡前缘 landslide deposit toe
滑坡后缘 landslide crown
滑坡侧缘 landslide flank
滑坡台阶 landslide terrance
滑坡坝 landslide dam
堰塞湖 landslide lake,dammed lake
滑坡涌浪模拟 landslide-generated waves simulation
泥石流 debris flow
稀性泥石流 diluted debris flow
黏性泥石流 viscous debris flow
泥石流形成区 debris flow forming region
泥石流流通区 debris flow transporting region
泥石流堆积区 debris flow accumulating region
泥流阶地 mudflow terrace
冰川泥石流 glacier debris flow
降雨型泥石流 debris flow of precipitation pattern
共生型泥石流 debris flow of integration pattern
岩溶 karst
岩溶过程 karst process
岩溶率 rate of karstification
岩溶充填率 rate of karst filling
连通率 continuity
裸露型岩溶 bare karst
覆盖性岩溶 covered karst
埋葬型岩溶 buried karst
岩溶地形 karst topography
岩溶(侵蚀)基准 karst base level
岩溶景观 karst landscape
岩溶盆地 karst basin
岩溶洼地 karst depression
岩溶槽谷 karst valley
溶洞 karst cave
钟乳石 stalactite
石笋 stalagmite
石柱 stalacto-stalagmite,column
泉华 sinter
溶斗 doline,funnel
溶沟 karren
溶隙 solution crack
岩溶井 karst well
暗河 underground river
岩溶洞穴网 karstic network
岩溶含水层 karst aquifer
岩溶侵蚀 karst erosion
岩溶通道 karst channel
岩溶突水 karst declogging