三 研究方法
本书在国内外学者相关研究的基础上,受吕大吉先生的“宗教四要素”理念的启发,结合北美印第安人萨满教的实际情况及所掌握的资料,着重对北美印第安人的萨满教观念和萨满体验进行系统研究,并兼顾与其萨满教相关的仪式和组织形式。立足于文化相对论,秉承宗教人类学的比较传统,结合笔者在中国北方少数民族萨满教语境下对来自北美的乔克托女萨满——苏珊·萝丝·格里马蒂尔(Susan Ross Grimaldi)的深入访谈、仪式观摩和中美萨满教文化交流的直观经验感受,在对北美萨满教进行总体把握的基础上将不同印第安人群体中的萨满教类型进行横向比较,思考北美印第安人萨满教独特类型及萨满文化的多样性问题。作为国内首次对北美印第安人萨满教的系统研究,本书在大量翻译外文资料的基础上,对所获得的一手、二手资料进行重新整合,力图呈现北美印第安人萨满教的全貌,并从中国萨满教学术研究背景出发对其重新进行分析与诠释。
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[93] 通过访谈,笔者发现,苏珊萨满并不同意“表演”一说,她在长春大学所做的所谓“表演”实际上是为中国萨满教所举行的祈福仪式。
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