以色列研究(第1辑)
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结论

苦难让以色列人有着强烈的危机意识。没有办法预测全部风险,就采取最有效的手段来防范风险。以色列现役士兵自由持枪的政策,是以色列政府经过综合考虑,判断以色列安全形势并继承军事文化传统后制定的。对可能产生的负效应进行对比之后,以色列政府运用科学的培训方法和防护措施,提升士兵持枪的安全性,从而达到提升国家总体安全系数的目的。

这样的安排是独一无二的,也是蕴涵深远的。以色列政府的政策始终以本国的生存发展为纲,与时俱进,既秉持了独有的民族气节,也完美展现了以色列不向强权、恐怖主义等邪恶势力妥协,以情感力量激励人民顽强生存的特点。以色列致力于平衡纪律性、组织性、科学性三者的关系,恪守纪律和规则,对有可能出现的各类情况做好充分的准备。可以预计,在安全形势没有较大变化的情况下,该政策将被继续推行。当然,若国家安全形势在未来发生变化,以色列政府也将制定并实施较现有政策更为合适的政策来应对可能发生的安全问题。

(作者单位:外交学院外交学与外事管理系)

A Research on the Phenomenon that Israeli Serving Soldiers Holding Guns Freely

Zhao Yunfei

Abstract:Israel has faced complicated geo-security situations since founding.for a long period of time,Israel serving soldiers are allowed to hold guns freely.Someone is fearful that this rule may increase the possibility of security risks.However,Israel actually maintains a low gun-related murder rates.In fact,this rule is closely connected with four factors:The Policy basis,history traditions that over-emphasize weapons,the need to fight against terrorism as well as the strict security training and regulations.

Keywords:Israel;Serving Soldiers;Holding Guns Freely;National Security


[1]本文所述自由持枪现象专门指在符合法律法规的前提下,现役士兵自由携带枪支出行的现象。

[2]Derek J.Penslar,Jews and the Military:A History(Princeton:Princeton University Press,2013).

[3]David Campbell,Johnny Shumate,Israeli Soldier vs Syrian Soldier:Golan Heights 1967-73(Oxford:Osprey Publishing,2016).

[4]Reuven Gal,A Portrait of the Israeli Soldier(Westport:Praeger,1986).

[5]Derek J.Penslar,Jews and the Military:A History(Princeton:Princeton University Press,2013),p.23.

[6]Derek J.Penslar,Jews and the Military:A History(Princeton:Princeton University Press,2013),p.25.

[7]Derek J.Penslar,Jews and the Military:A History(Princeton:Princeton University Press,2013),pp.26-28.

[8]Boaz Ganor,“Defining Terrorism,Is One Man's Terrorist Another Man's Freedom Fighter? ”(Herzlia :ICT,1998),pp.12-17.转引自潘光、王震《以色列反恐战略研究》,《现代国际关系》2007年第8期。

[9]Benny Morris,Israel's Border Wars,1949-1956:Arab Infiltration,Israeli Retaliation,and the Countdown to the Suez War(Oxford:Oxford University Press,1993),p.14.

[10]杨玲玲:《以色列反恐战略研究》,硕士学位论文,上海外国语大学,2012,第23页。

[11]李钢:《以色列警察》,《现代世界警察》2017年第3期,第56页。

[12]“For or against Easing Gun Controls-Neither Side Wants an Israeli Second Amendment,”Jerusalem Post,February 18,2016,http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/For-or-against-easing-gun-controls-neither-side-wants-an-Israeli-Second-Amendment-445402.

[13]“Israel—Gun Facts,Figures and the Law,”Gun Policy Org,April 29,2014,http://www. gunpolicy.org/firearms/region/israel

[14]Janet E.Rosenbaum,“Gun Utopias? Firearm Access and Ownership in Israel and Switzerland,”Journal of Public Health Policy,Volume 33,Issue 1(2012):46-58.

[15]“No Newtowns in Israel,”Tablet Magazine,December 1,2013,www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/119408/why-israel-has-no-newtowns.

[16]《耶路撒冷犹太神学院枪击案九人亡》,美国之音中文网,2008年3月7日,https://www. voachinese.com/a/a-21-w2008-03-07-voa13-62999347/1039751.html。

[17]“Israeli Army Orders Soldiers to Carry Arms when Off-Duty,”The Media Line,February 23,2016,http://www.themedialine.org/news/israeli-army-orders-soldiers-to-carry-arms-when-off-duty/.

[18]Basic Laws of Israel:Defense Service Law (1986),Jewish Virtual Library,February 1,2008,shvirtuallibrary.org/israel-defense-service-law-1986.

[19]Reuven Gal,A Portrait of the Israeli Soldier(Westport:Praeger,1986),p.104.

[20]《防卫与安全》,以色列国防部官方网站,2017年10月4日,https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/defense-and-security/。