[1]Zhang ZX，Roman GC，Hong Z，et al. Parkinson's disease in China：prevalence in Beijing，Xian，and Shanghai.Lancet，2005，365（9459）：595-597.

[2]Wong M. Epilepsy is both a symptom and a disease：a proposal for a two-tiered classification system. Epilepsia，2011，52（6）：1201-1203.

[3]Krames ES，Peckham PH，Rezai AR. Neuromodulation，2nd edn. London：Elsevier. 2009：6-8.

[4]Sakas DE，Panourias IG，Simpson BA，et al. An introduction to operative neuromodulation and functional neuroprosthetics，the new frontiers of clinical neuroscience and biotechnology. Acta Neurochir Suppl，2007，97（1）：3-10.

[5]Kellaway P. The part played by the electric fish in the early history of bioelectricity and electrotherapy. Bull Hist Med，1946，20（2）：112-137.

[6]Schwalb JM，Hamani C. The history and future of deep brain stimulation. Neurotherapeutics，2008，5（1）：3-13.

[7]Miocinovic S，Somayajula S，Chitnis S，et al. History，applications，and mechanisms of deep brain stimulation.JAMA neurology，2013，70（2）：163-171.

[8]Spiegel EA，Wycis HT，Marks M，et al. Stereotaxic apparatus for operations on the human brain. Science，1947，106（2754）：349-350 .

[9]Leriche. Ueber Chirurgischen Eingriff bei Parkinson's scher Krankheit. Neurologische Zeitblaetter，1912，13：1093-1096.

[10]Meyers R. Surgical experiments in the therapy of certain“extrapyramidal” diseases：a current evaluation. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Suppl，1951，67：1-42.

[11]LaitinenLV，Bergenheim AT，Hariz MI. Ventroposterolateral pallidotomy can abolish all parkinsonian symptoms.Stereotact Funct Neurosurg，1992，58：14-21.

[12]Melzack R，Wall PD. Pain mechanisms：a new theory.Science，1965，150：971-979.

[13]Shealy CN，Mortimer JT，Reswick JB. Electrical inhibition of pain by stimulation of the dorsal columns.Preliminary clinical report. Anesth Analg，1967，46：489-491.

[14]Dooley DM，Sharkey J. Electrostimulation of the nervous system for patients with demyelinating and degenerative diseases of the nervous system and vascular diseases of the extremities. Appl Neurophysiol，1977，40：208-217 .

[15]Nashold BSJ，Friedman H，Glenn JF，et al.Electromicturition in paraplegia. Implantation of a spinal neuroprosthesis. Arch Surg，1972，104：195-202 .

[16]Dooley DM，Kasprak M. Modification of blood flow to the extremities by electrical stimulation of the nervous system. South Med J，1976，69：1309-1311.

[17]Benabid AL，Pollak P，Louveau A，et al. Combined（thalamotomy and stimulation）stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease.Appl Neurophysiol，1987，50（1-6）：344-346.

[18]Coffey RJ. Deep brain stimulation devices：a brief technical history and review. Artif Organs，2009，33（3）：208-220.

[19]Hamani C，Richter E，Schwalb JM，et al. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson's disease：a systematic review of the clinical literature.Neurosurgery，2005，56：1313-1321.

[20]Hosobuchi Y，Adams JE，Rutkin B. Chronic thalamic stimulation for the control of facial anesthesia dolorosa.Arch Neurol，1973，29（3）：158-161.

[21]Akil H，Richardson DE，Hughes J，et al. Enkephalin-like material elevated in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of pain patients after analgetic focal stimulation. Science，1978，201（4354）：463-465.

[22]Velasco M，Velasco F，VelascoAL，et al. Effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nuclei on various intractable seizure patterns：Ⅱ. Psychological performance and background EEG activity. Epilepsia，1993，34：1065-1074.

[23]VelascoAL，Velasco M，VelascoF，et al. Subacute and chronic electrical stimulation of the hippocampus on intractable temporal lobe seizures：preliminary report.Arch Med Res，2000，31：316-328 .

[24]Lado FA. SANTE：Stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus for epilepsy. Epilepsia，2006，47（1）：27-32.

[25]Franzini A，Messina G，Marras C，et al. Deep brain stimulation of two unconventional targets in refractory non-resectable epilepsy. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg，2008，86：373-381.

[26]Zabara J. Peripheral control of hypersynchronous discharge in epilepsy. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol，1985，61：162 .

[27]Lyons MK. Deep brain stimulation：current and future clinical applications. Mayo Clinic proceedings，2011，86（7）：662-672.

[28]Stefani A，Lozano AM，Peppe A，et al. Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine and subthalamic nuclei in severe Parkinson's disease. Brain，2007，130（Pt 6）：1596-1607.

[29]张建国，张凯，王忠诚．脑深部电刺激治疗迟发性肌张力障碍1例报道并文献复习．中华神经外科杂志，2004，20（1）：63-66.

[30]孙伯民．功能神经外科现状．中国微侵袭神经外科杂志，2011，16（2）：49-50.

[31]Yamamoto T，Katayama Y. Deep brain stimulation therapy for the vegetative state. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation，2005，15（3-4）：406-413.

[32]Kumar K，Hunter G，Demeria D. Spinal cord stimulation in treatment of chronic benign pain：challenges in treatment planning and present status，a 22-year experience. Neurosurgery，2006，58（3）：481-496 .

[33]Liu HG，Ma Y，Zhang K，et al. Subthalamic deep brain stimulation with a new device in Parkinson's disease：an open-label trial. Neuromodulation，2013，16（3）：212-218.